Level Of Urban Development Research Articles

Study on the Positive Effects of Environmental Rule of Law Advancement on Environmental Governance in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Abstract In the era of artificial intelligence, the importance of environmental rule of law for ecological governance is becoming increasingly important. This study explores how artificial intelligence can contribute to environmental management, especially the prediction and analysis of ambient air quality through the random forest algorithm. The study aims to assess and predict the changes of ambient air quality in Chinese cities and provide a scientific basis for environmental governance. Methodologically, a random forest model was used to analyze the relationship between ambient air quality and multiple factors. The results showed that the random forest model was effective in predicting air quality, in which the level of urban economic development showed a significant correlation with air quality, and the PM2.5 concentration in cities with a high level of economic development was significantly higher than that in the towns with a low to medium level of economic growth, as the PM2.5 concentration decreased from 43.854 μg/m3 to 33.941 μg/m3. In addition, seasonal variations had a significant effect on air quality. It is concluded that the random forest model is an effective tool to provide accurate data support for environmental rule of law and governance, which helps to formulate more accurate ecological protection policies.

Charting a sustainable tomorrow: Advancing urban low-carbon economies through comprehensive evaluation and promotion.

With the world population growth, energy consumption and the rapid development of industrial economy, a large amount of carbon emissions has brought destruction and threats to the earth's environment on which human beings depend. The development of low-carbon economy has become the consensus of governments all over the world and has been vigorously advocated & promoted. This paper focuses on the top five global GDP nations in 2022: The United States, China, Japan, Germany, and Britain. A comprehensive evaluation index system of urban low-carbon economic development level is constructed from four dimensions: economic development level, environmental quality, energy consumption emission intensity and social development speed by using literature review and field interview. The evaluation measures are determined using the TOPSIS evaluation method with entropy weight and the grey relational model, providing a comprehensive assessment of the low-carbon economy's development level in these five countries." Judging from the comprehensive evaluation score, the overall development of low-carbon economy in American cities is in good condition and has reached the development standard of low-carbon economy; Germany and Japan rank second and third, and they are low-carbon economies. Britain ranks fourth in comprehensive evaluation, although it belongs to a low-carbon economy country, but there is still a certain gap with Germany and Japan; There is still a big gap between China and the other four countries. Based on the measurement and evaluation outcomes, it presents recommendations and strategies to foster the growth of low-carbon economies, offering valuable insights for the advancement of such economies across different nations. The research results guide countries all over the world to reduce carbon emissions in the process of economic development, protect the earth environment on which human beings depend, and make a better tomorrow for sustainable development.

Assessment method of urban green transportation development level based on improved matter-element extension method

Assessment method of urban green transportation development level based on improved matter-element extension method

Spatio-temporal evolutionary analysis of ecological economic resilience in typical Chinese tourist cities

Abstract In recent years, China’s tourism sector has experienced rapid growth. Ecological economic resilience, a crucial metric for assessing urban comprehensive strength, has increasingly garnered attention from academics and governmental bodies. In this study, we assess the resilience of tourism cities’ ecological economies using 28 selected indicators. By employing the entropy value method, we establish the weights for these indicators, facilitating an exploration of their temporal evolution. Spatial evolution characteristics are examined through spatial autocorrelation analysis, incorporating the global Moran’s I index. Utilizing a coupled coordination model, we calculate the ecological, economic resilience, and urban tourism development levels across various cities. Our findings indicate a significant increase in ecological resilience, rising from 0.2129 in 2014 to 0.2807 in 2023. The Moran’s I index rises from the trough value of 0.0532 to the peak value of 0.0951 and then steadily declines to 0.0738, presenting a fluctuating trend of alternately increasing and decreasing development. The coupling coordination degree is more significant than 0.5 in 2023, which is at a highly developed stage. This study serves as a reference for the sustainable development of urban tourism.

Assessing the urban sustainable development level in the Henan region of the Yellow River Basin based on spatial data

Urban sustainability assessment is fundamental to ensuring the long-term resilience of social, environmental, and economic development. This study proposed a comprehensive evaluation system to assess the sustainable development of the HYRB during 2000–2020 through an integrated sustainable development index (SDI) based on entropy method with spatial data. The major findings of this study were as follows: (1) The SDI of the HYRB increased from 0.438 to 0.489 from 2000 to 2010, while the SDI slightly decreased by 0.026 during 2010–2020. (2) The highest SDIs of 2000 (0.502), 2010 (0.529) and 2020 (0.480) were found in Anyang. Conversely, the lowest SDIs of 2000 (0.390), 2010 (0.459) and 2020 (0.417) were located in Zhengzhou. (3) The SDI variation across regions became more evident in the later study period. This study offers a comprehensive assessment of sustainability levels in the HYRB, providing useful implications for its future sustainable development.

Assessment method of urban green transportation development level based on improved matter-element extension method

Assessment method of urban green transportation development level based on improved matter-element extension method

World Heritage as a balancing act: experiences from a medium-sized World Heritage City in Bavaria

The Town of Bamberg has been inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1993 due to its medieval urban layout and its well preserved buildings mostly from the Middle Ages and the Baroque era. A large part of the historic streets and squares still exist. They make up an essential part of the city’s public space. Yet, the demands placed on this public space are currently undergoing some changes – especially under the influence of climate change and the Corona pandemic.In line with the UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape, Bamberg’s urban fabric is based on the historical stratification of cultural and natural values and features. The urban fabric relates to the landscape in which it is embedded – river Regnitz and the surrounding hills – as well as to religious traditions, trade activities and building customs. The aim of this paper is to analyze recent developments in the planning and use of public spaces in Bamberg taking into account current methods of participation. In 2020, the City of Bamberg was awarded the contract by the Federal Ministry of the Interior, for Construction and Home Affairs, for a project period of seven years as part of the "Smart Cities Model Projects" funding programme to promote digitalization at all levels of urban development. Accordingly, the contribution of digital technologies to urban planning and of citizen participation will receive special attention.

Spatial distribution and driving factors of Chinese dragon and lion dance athletes based on GIS

As the common wealth of all mankind, intangible cultural heritage carries the memory of history. The implementation of dragon and lion dance technical grade evaluation can be called pioneering work for the legacy inheritance. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution characteristics, trends, types, and driving factors of dragon and lion dance athletes. Athletes who were awarded a grade certificate by Chinese Dragon and Lion Dance Sports Association from 2018 to 2021 were taken as the analysis objects. In ArcGIS10.8, trend surface analysis and standard deviational ellipse are used to study the spatial distribution characteristics. Using the global and local Moran's I in GeoDa, this paper explores the concentration degree and types of dragon and lion dance athletes. The factors driving the distribution difference are analyzed with the help of geographical detectors. Continuous data such as total GDP, sports field areas, permanent populations, and altitude are taken as the software input after preprocessing. The results show that there are significant differences in the distribution of provinces and four geographical regions. For dragon dance athletes, there is a linear growth trend in the west-east direction and an inverted U-shape trend in the south-north direction. For lion dance athletes, there is a trend of log function in the west-east direction and an inverted U shape in the south-north direction. The global Moran's I is 0.2386, and there are obvious characteristics of H–H, L-L, and L-H aggregation types. Nomination of sports intangible cultural heritage, total GDP, permanent resident population, urbanization development level, the number of colleges and universities, and the proportion of tertiary industry are the leading factors, and the explanatory power of interactive factors is significantly enhanced. Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen the cultural heritage protection of dragon and lion dance, increase capital investment, enhance public participation, and raise government attention.

Issues of determining the effects of migration on population growth in Ulaanbaatar

Since Mongolia's transition to a market economy in the 1990s, the “Great Migration” from rural to urban areas due to job shortages and natural disasters (droughts and dzud - disaster affecting livestock caused by severe natural conditions) in rural areas has continued. Many of these in-migrants have settled in large cities and their suburbs, especially in Ulaanbaatar, leading to many problems, including environmental pollution, traffic congestion, and overcrowding of social services. In addition, a number of studies have been conducted in Mongolia about the types of internal migration, factors influencing it, causes, characteristics of migrants, consequences and vulnerabilities. However, there is a lack of research about population location, density, settlement and their changes due to migration, especially the urban-rural population ratio, urban population growth and the impact of migration on it. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to analyze the main indicators of population migration in Ulaanbaatar, to determine its impact on population growth, to evaluate and to determine future trend. Within the framework of the study, spatial and statistical analysis of data and materials of the last 30 years (1990-2019) of the main population indicators of Ulaanbaatar was conducted and future trend was determined based on the population projections. According to the research results, in-migrants were always dominant in Ulaanbaatar from 1990 to 2019, and the intensity of migration generally increased in the years following droughts and dzuds. In addition, a total of 663.1 thousand people migrated to Ulaanbaatar from aimags and rural areas over the last 30 years, which is equal to 45.2 percent of the total population of Ulaanbaatar in 2019. As a result, urban population of Mongolia counted 2,212.9 thousand in 2020, and the urbanization rate reached 68.0 percent, of which 67.7 percent is concentrated in Ulaanbaatar alone. Between 2000 and 2009, 47.4 percent of the total in-migrants (1990-2019) or 314.5 thousand people moved to Ulaanbaatar, which was the peak of migration to Ulaanbaatar. From a population perspective, Ulaanbaatar's population is expected to reach 2.5 million or the equivalent of 50.5 percent of the total population of the country in 2050. In order to reduce overcrowding in Ulaanbaatar, it is necessary, in the future, to reduce inland migration from rual areas to Ulaanbaatar, reduce the gap between urban and rural development levels, support and develop regional development cities, and diversify settlements system.

Research on Chinas Three-Child Policy and Gender Equality

Population issues have always been fundamental to a countrys economic development. Chinese In May 2021, the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee proposed to implement the policy that a couple can have three children and supporting measures, marking a new stage in the development of Chinese. However, from the available data, after the implementation of the three-child birth policy, the effect is minimal. Through comparative analysis, this paper explores womens attitudes towards fertility in the two periods before the implementation of the family planning policy and after the implementation of the three-child policy, and analyzes the deep-seated reasons for this difference in attitudes, including the improvement of womens education level, the improvement of Chinas urbanization development level, and the pursuit of gender equality by Chinese women.

Analysis of the spatiotemporal expansion and pattern evolution of urban areas in Anhui Province, China, based on nighttime light data

Based on remote sensing images from National Polar-orbiting Partnership—Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite–like data and related statistical yearbook data acquired at 5-year intervals from 2000 to 2020, the urbanized areas of cities in Anhui Province, China, were extracted. The characteristics of their spatial and temporal expansion were analyzed in combination with the migration path of the urban center of gravity along with measures of the speed and intensity of urban expansion. In addition, the urban development trends in Anhui were evaluated by combining a nighttime light index with spatial autocorrelation and local autocorrelation methods to reveal the characteristics of the level of urban development and internal structural changes in each city in Anhui. The results show that the cities in Anhui are concentrated in two belt areas in the Yangtze and Huai river basins, and that they expanded outward, with several original urbanized areas as the center. The rate of urban expansion reached its lowest point during 2005–2010 and peaked during 2015–2020. The urbanized areas in Anhui were distributed in a northwest–southeast direction, while the center of urban gravity remained in Hefei City during the study period. The total amount of nighttime light in Anhui’s urbanized areas increased by nearly 10 times over 20 years, with the period of 2010–2020 experiencing particularly high increases in nighttime light. The grayness values of urban lights in each period show clear spatial correlation.

Collaborative integration or policy diversification: the influence of policy synergy on regional green development

Enhancing the green and high-quality development of urban in China and exploring the synergistic effects of multiple policy implementations is the key to effectively playing the leading role of policies. To explore the synergistic effects and driving mechanisms of dual policies on regional green development, this study selected panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2020. Employing Multi-period difference-in-differences and Mediation effects models, the research systematically explores the synergistic effects of these dual-pilot policies on urban green and high-quality development. The findings of this study reveal a significant improvement in the level of urban green development under the influence of the dual-pilot policy. After conducting a series of rigorous tests for robustness, this conclusion remains valid. This improvement is primarily attributed to the stimulation of technological innovation capabilities and the optimization of industrial structures within the cities. Compared to the carbon emissions trading city single pilot and free trade zone city single pilot, the dual pilot effect of carbon emissions trading and free trade zone city is stronger. The carbon emissions trading city pilot and free trade zone city pilot have a synergistic effect on regional green and high-quality development. This research provides valuable theoretical insights to guide the planning of pilot cities, facilitating the realization of both high-quality economic development and sustainability objectives.

Enhancing economic competitiveness analysis through machine learning: Exploring complex urban features.

Urban economic competitiveness is a fundamental indicator for assessing the level of urban development and serves as an effective approach for understanding regional disparities. Traditional economic competitiveness research that relies solely on traditional regression models and assumes feature relationship theory tends to fall short in fully exploring the intricate interrelationships and nonlinear associations among features. As a result, the study of urban economic disparities remains limited to a narrow range of urban features, which is insufficient for comprehending cities as complex systems. The ability of deep learning neural networks to automatically construct models of nonlinear relationships among complex features provides a new approach to research in this issue. In this study, a complex urban feature dataset comprising 1008 features was constructed based on statistical data from 283 prefecture-level cities in China. Employing a machine learning approach based on convolutional neural network (CNN), a novel analytical model is constructed to capture the interrelationships among urban features, which is applied to achieve accurate classification of urban economic competitiveness. In addition, considering the limited number of samples in the dataset owing to the fixed number of cities, this study developed a data augmentation approach based on deep convolutional generative adversarial network (DCGAN) to further enhance the accuracy and generalization ability of the model. The performance of the CNN classification model was effectively improved by adding the generated samples to the original sample dataset. This study provides a precise and stable analytical model for investigating disparities in regional development. In the meantime, it offers a feasible solution to the limited sample size issue in the application of deep learning in urban research.

The impact of high-speed rail construction on the development of resource-based cities: A temporal and spatial perspective

As a province abundant in mineral resources, Henan Province has formed extensive mining subsidence areas during its past economic development, posing a major challenge to the planning and advancement of the high-speed rail (HSR) network. This study investigates the impact of high-speed rail (HSR) construction on the development of resource-based cities (RBC), considering both temporal and spatial dimensions. By utilizing GIS technology, a spatial clustering index was created to assess the spatial influence of HSR on the economic development of RBC. Empirical analysis was conducted using the spatial Durbin model. The findings reveal that both mining subsidence areas and HSR station factors significantly affect the clustering patterns observed in the collected samples. Notably, a regression phenomenon in the classification results emerged after 2017. Specifically, the extensive mining areas in RBC pose significant obstacles to the opening time and routes of HSR, thereby impacting the overall level of urban development. Additionally, in regions with underdeveloped secondary transportation networks, the current development mode of HSR remains primarily focused on "point-to-point" connections.

Urban green space development plans and strategies in Sorong city Southwest Papua Province

The city administration considers implementing urban green open spaces a viable solution to meet Indonesia's Folu Net Sink 2030 target and the Long-Term Strategy for Low Carbon and Climate Resilience (LTS LCCR) 2050. This initiative addresses the urban environment's declining carrying capacity and resilience. The current urban green open space development level in Sorong City stands at 8.21%, which falls short of the 30% target mandated by the central government. The utilization of SWOT analysis is employed as a means to construct comprehensive plans and strategies. The findings indicate that the IFE value is 2.38, while the EFE value is 2.27. To mitigate the effects of potential threats, it is essential to ascertain the defensive mechanisms employed by the entity under consideration. A total of 110 weakness-threat (WT) strategies were identified through the collaborative efforts of managers and municipal environmental planners, who combined 10 weakness aspects with 11 threat components. Regrettably, a limited number of these hypothetical solutions demonstrated satisfactory performance. The Urban Green Open Space Development (UGOSD) initiative in Southwest Papua has found six viable Wakness-Threat (WT) alternatives to enhance the urban green infrastructure system.

Coordination Analysis of Urban Forest and Urban Development Level: A Case Study of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration, China

With the rapid development of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration, sustainability and high-quality development have become the key paths to regional development. The urban forest, referring to the sum of trees, forests, and green space in an urban area, provides a series of ecological benefits and economic values and is essential to the urban ecological system. In the post-urbanization period, the integrated development of urban forests and the city is attached with great importance to long-term development. From the perspective of regional and coordinated development, this research constructed an evaluation index system of urban development and urban forest development. Then, a comprehensive evaluation model and coordination degree model were adopted to systematically study the temporal and spatial characteristics and policy influencing factors on the coordination degree between urban development and urban forest development in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration from 2005 to 2021. The results showed that from 2005 to 2021, urban development displayed continuous growth, while urban forest development exhibited a fluctuating increase and the level of urban forest generally lagged behind that of urban development. From 2005 to 2021, the coordination degree of the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration showed a fluctuating trend, of which the maximum value was 0.999 in 2012, the minimum value was 0.730 in 2021, and the coordination degrees were all at the level of good coordination or high-quality coordination except for 2021. In terms of spatial distribution, three provinces and one city all showed a fluctuating increase at first, followed by a downward trend, while Shanghai showed the highest coordination level. From the perspective of policy on urban forests, the Shanghai government showed the best effort, while the Jiangsu government still needs improvement. This research provides a scientific basis for coordinating the relationship between urban development and the environment and for realizing regional sustainable and high-quality development.

How do urban function and development level effect construction level of green infrastructure? A case study of 110 built-up areas of cities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone

Urban green infrastructure (GI) is proposed for providing residents with welfare. However, there is little research on how to quantitatively and systematically assess the construction level of green infrastructure (CLGI), especially its relationship with urban function and development. This paper provides empirical evidence by a case study of built-up areas of 110 cities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone (YREZ) to investigate how urban characteristics affect CLGI. First, CLGI varies significantly between cities. GI waterfront level is the most dominant advantageous type, while GI allocation is the most dominant disadvantageous type. Second, most cities generally are in a slightly unbalanced or barely coordinated state between CLGI and urban development level (UDL). Subsystems of UDL and CLGI greatly influence each other, in which economic urbanization plays an almost decisive role in CLGI. Third, CLGI is the highest in most cities with cultural and scientific services as the major function especially in allocation and accessibility aspects, while the lowest in most cities with mining as the major function. Finally, this study presents a judgement model for GI priority goals and some practical implications, which is expected to facilitate evidence-based policymaking of urban planning and coordinated development of GI construction and urban characteristics.

CURRENT TRENDS AND PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURAL FORMATION OF ADAPTIVE SPORTS FACILITIES

The work analyzes the problem of ensuring architectural accessibility of sports facilities for people with disabilities, considers and specifies the basic terms in the field of research. 
 Adaptive sports complexes (adaptive sports facilities) are a new modern type of sports buildings. An adaptive sports facility is a sports building, designed and built on the basis of universal design, which provides equal conditions of accessibility for all users, regardless of their physical capabilities, and is equipped with specialized equipment for the physical rehabilitation of people with disabilities or temporary health disorders. Thanks to adaptive sports centers, significant socialization of people with disabilities takes place, and conditions are created for organizing their active leisure time. 
 Today, in world practice, there are two main trends in the formation of sports facilities for people with disabilities: 1) the formation of specialized centers for Paralympic sports and adaptive sports; 2) creation of accessibility conditions for people with disabilities in general sports complexes of various levels of training. The second trend is more progressive, and the formation of modern sports facilities should be focused on it. 
 An important characteristic of the architectural formation of adaptive sports facilities is the urban planning level of their placement. According to the level of urban development, sports centers can be divided into local and city-wide. Local sports centers are located in the structure of residential areas. These include specialized adaptive sports centers and sports and gyms adapted to the needs of people with disabilities. City-wide sports centers should not be connected to residential areas, as they are focused on professional sports (training of Paralympic athletes). 
 The architectural formation of adaptive sports facilities should take place as a complex of measures combining rational planning solutions, effective functional zoning, visual communication system, ergodesign and universal design. The main principles of architectural formation of adaptive sports facilities include: the principle of compositional integrity, the principle of accessibility and ergonomics of the environment, the principle of visual informativeness, the principle of functional variability and the principle of compositional and planning structuredness.

Spatiotemporal Patterns of the Application of Surface Urban Heat Island Intensity Calculation Methods

Using the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WoS) databases, 487 articles that used remote sensing methods to study the intensity of surface urban heat islands (SUHIs) over the past 20 years were obtained using keyword searches. A multidimensional analysis was conducted on these articles from the perspectives of the research methods used, spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of the research area, research development trends, and main challenges. The research found that (1) the growth trend of the various SUHI research methods over the years was similar to the overall trend in the number of publications, which has rapidly increased since 2009. (2) Among the SUHI research methods, temperature dichotomy is the most widely used worldwide; however, defining urban and rural areas is a main challenge. The Gaussian surface and local climate zoning methods have gradually emerged in recent years; however, owing to the limitations of the different urban development levels and scales, these methods require further improvement. (3) There are certain differences in the application of SUHI research methods between China and other countries.

The dynamic evolution and coupling coordination development mechanism of new urbanization and green economy: an empirical study based on various provinces in China.

Under the background that the country is vigorously promoting the construction of new urbanization and seeking green development, this paper takes 31 provinces of China as the research object. It constructs a comprehensive evaluation system that integrates new urbanization and green economy into the same research framework, analyzes the evolution characteristics of new urbanization and green economy from the scale analysis of time and space, and, through the relative development model, coupling coordination model, and the random panel Tobit model, further explores the relative development and coupling coordination relationship between the two, deconstructing the internal driving factors. Research shows that the regional differences in the development level of new urbanization are decreasing year by year, while the efficiency of the green economy is increasing yearly. The relative development types of the two have obvious regional distribution characteristics. The level of coupling coordination gradually increases over time. The impact of economic development and growth, urban construction, regional opening up, urban expansion, government investment, industrialization level, and industrial structure on the coupling coordination degree of new urbanization and green economy is inconsistent.