CURRENT TRENDS AND PRINCIPLES OF ARCHITECTURAL FORMATION OF ADAPTIVE SPORTS FACILITIES

Abstract

The work analyzes the problem of ensuring architectural accessibility of sports facilities for people with disabilities, considers and specifies the basic terms in the field of research. 
 Adaptive sports complexes (adaptive sports facilities) are a new modern type of sports buildings. An adaptive sports facility is a sports building, designed and built on the basis of universal design, which provides equal conditions of accessibility for all users, regardless of their physical capabilities, and is equipped with specialized equipment for the physical rehabilitation of people with disabilities or temporary health disorders. Thanks to adaptive sports centers, significant socialization of people with disabilities takes place, and conditions are created for organizing their active leisure time. 
 Today, in world practice, there are two main trends in the formation of sports facilities for people with disabilities: 1) the formation of specialized centers for Paralympic sports and adaptive sports; 2) creation of accessibility conditions for people with disabilities in general sports complexes of various levels of training. The second trend is more progressive, and the formation of modern sports facilities should be focused on it. 
 An important characteristic of the architectural formation of adaptive sports facilities is the urban planning level of their placement. According to the level of urban development, sports centers can be divided into local and city-wide. Local sports centers are located in the structure of residential areas. These include specialized adaptive sports centers and sports and gyms adapted to the needs of people with disabilities. City-wide sports centers should not be connected to residential areas, as they are focused on professional sports (training of Paralympic athletes). 
 The architectural formation of adaptive sports facilities should take place as a complex of measures combining rational planning solutions, effective functional zoning, visual communication system, ergodesign and universal design. The main principles of architectural formation of adaptive sports facilities include: the principle of compositional integrity, the principle of accessibility and ergonomics of the environment, the principle of visual informativeness, the principle of functional variability and the principle of compositional and planning structuredness.