Urban Areas In Indonesia Research Articles

Understanding the quality of life of people living with HIV in rural and urban areas in Indonesia.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a major global public health issue that affects the quality of life (QoL) of people living with HIV (PLHIV) globally and in Indonesia. As a part of a large-scale qualitative study investigating HIV risk factors and impacts on PLHIV and facilitators of and barriers to their access to HIV care services in Yogyakarta and Belu, Indonesia, this paper describes their in-depth views and experiences of the influence of HIV on their QoL. Ninety-two participants were recruited using the snowball sampling technique. Data were collected using in-depth interviews. In addition, the World Health Organisation Quality of Life questionnaire (WHOQOL-HIV BREF) was also distributed to each of them to fill out prior to the interviews. Chi-Square analysis was used to analyse data from the survey and a framework analysis was applied to guide qualitative data analysis. The findings reported several factors affecting the QoL of the participants. These included (i) environmental factors, such as living in rural areas, the unavailability of HIV care services and public transport, and long-distance travel to healthcare facilities; (ii) personal beliefs associated with HIV; (iii) sexual and social relationships and their influence of the QoL of participants; and (iv) level of independence and physical health condition following HIV diagnosis. The findings indicate the need for intervention programs that address the availability and accessibility of HIV care services to PLHIV within rural communities and support various physical, psychological, and financial needs of PLHIV. These can be implemented by providing supplements and nutritious food, HIV counselling and door-to-door/community-based ART service delivery to PLHIV, which may increase their engagement in and adherence to the treatment and improve their physical and psychological condition and QoL.

Relation of Social Media Literacy, Trust, and Information Quality on Public Communication Behaviour in Urban Local Government Social Media in Indonesia

The previous study and theory showed that social media literacy, trust, and quality of information influence public communication behaviour towards local government social media. Hence, this article analyses the relation among those three elements in the context of urban areas in Indonesia. This research uses a mixed method on sequential explanatory strategy, a collaboration of quantitative and qualitative methods conducted subsequently with dominancy on the quantitative methods. The authors selected 100 persons randomly and proportionally as the research sample. In addition, 12 persons from selected followers, social media specialists, academicians, and civil society. Research shows that social media literacy, trust, and quality information on local government social media are good, yet the issue is in the public communication behaviour towards governments' social media. Furthermore, 41.2% of those three elements simultaneously influence the communication behaviour. The most dominant variable influencing communication behaviour is media social literacy and people's trust, while the quality of information has no significant impact. This research is based on social media data in 2022 in three urban cities in Indonesia, namely Bandung, Semarang and Surabaya. They were chosen based on the categories that the local government uses social media for at least 10 years and has a high number of social media users. Keywords: Social media literacy, trust, quality of information, communication behaviour, local government.

Implications of urban farming on urban resilience in Indonesia: Systematic literature review and research identification

This systematic literature review study aims to identify, review, and study the trend of scientific publications on urban farming in realizing the resilience of developing cities in Indonesia. The urban farming trend in Indonesia is a response to overcoming the problem of food security in urban areas as well as a solution to boosting the economy during the crisis due to COVID-19 and creating urban resilience. It will also explore the issue of urban farming as a supplier of projected food availability and food security in urban areas in Indonesia. This research provides scientific guidelines and recommendations for developing urban agriculture studies in Indonesia. This research can be used as scientific data and policy notes on the problem of urban farming in Indonesia. The findings of this study suggest that urban farming will help promote urban resilience in Indonesia, especially given the problems of production, food security, and land scarcity in urban areas. Urban farming in Indonesia’s urban resilience design has several weaknesses even though it has positive effects.

Echoing Syari'ah in City Spaces: The Framing Process and Political Mobilization of the Islamic Movement in North Sumatra


 This article discusses the Islamic political movement in fighting for sharia as an ethic of life in urban areas in Indonesia. In a more detailed manner, this article explores the idea of sharia as the main ingredient in the framing process and explores the movement's strategy to resonate with this frame, which then opens up opportunities for the formation of a wave of support for serial movement actions in Medan, North Sumatra. With the framing model in social movement studies, the data was collected from observations and interviews with several movement actors, and several supporting documents. This study found that the idea of this movements such as “Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia Bersyari’ah” (Indonesia Nation State based on Sharia) which is close to the social psychology of the masses met with the right events to generate great support for the movement. The ability of the elites to concoct the movement ideas, and the management of social media to spread such framing, made a mass wave of supporters strengthen. The struggle for sharia in the public space played by the movement here basically does not have a clear political agenda unless, temporarily, it is used only in electoral momentum, resonating as an expressive channel of the defeat against other groups in controlling the city's political economy space. Here, I argue that the study of ideology in social movements requires an expansion of dimensions that can explain more fully why a movement immediately grows or shrinks briefly or lasts a long time.

CHARACTERISATION AND POLLUTANT LOAD OF GREYWATER CONTAINING PERSONAL CARE COSMETIC PRODUCTS (PCCPS) FOR BODY CARE

Personal Care Cosmetic Products (PCCPs) are used on the exterior of the body, such as the skin, nails, hair, lips, external genitalia, teeth, and oral membranes. Greywater from a bathing activity is a significant contributor to domestic wastewater quantity. The greywater contains residual substances from the rinsing process of body care products. Aim: This study will focus on the characteristic and the specific pollutant load of greywater generated from the usage of shower gel. Methodology and Results: The characterization and specific pollutant loads are conducted based on artificial greywater which is made from three brands of shower gel which is diluted in tap water. The greywater from body cleaning activities has a pH value in the range of 7.26-7.33; total phosphate in the range of 1.71-3.09 mg/L; the value of NTK total Kjedahl nitrogen in the range of 2.45-4.03 mg/L; total COD in the range of 380.97-506.16 mg/L; dissolved COD values in the range of 310.92-393.68 mg/L; TSS value in the range of 62-229.50 mg/L; and TDS values in the range of 283-376.67 mg/L. The specific pollutant load generated from shower gel usage in greywater are 0.012 g TP/person/day; 0.016 g TKN/person/day; 2.14 g Total COD/person/day; 1.59 g dissolved COD/person/day; 0.94 g/person/day for TSS; and 1.48 g/person/day for TDS. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: The Greywater from shower gel usage contains physical and chemical constituents that can promote environmental deterioration. The finding of this research will provide useful information for domestic wastewater management and system design, especially for urban areas in Indonesia.

Sumur Gali Gambaran Risiko Pencemaran Dan Kandungan Coliform Air Sumur Gali Di Kenagarian Gurun Panjang Kapuh Kecamatan Koto XI Tarusan

Dug wells are the main source of clean water supplies for people living in rural and urban areas of Indonesia. The clean water used by the people of the Panjang Kapuh Desert generally comes from dug wells and drilled wells. In Village Gurun Panjang Kapuh, there are many dug wells that do not meet the construction requirements of dug wells, so they can pose a risk to clean water consumed by the community. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the risk of pollution and coliform content of dug well water in the Village Gurun Panjang Kapuh, Koto XI Tarusan District, Pesisir Selatan Regency in 2022. This research is descriptive with a population of all houses that have clean water facilities dug wells as many as 730 dug wells. Data obtained from the results of the sanitary inspection of dug wells using the sanitation inspection form, in 85 dug wells 7 samples of dug well water were taken for water biology examination (Coliform) in the laboratory. Generally, there is a high risk of contamination of dug wells (69.4%). The total biological content (Coliform) of dug well water from 7 samples, 6 of which did not meet the requirements. It is recommended to the public to make or repair the well construction so that it has a good construction to prevent contamination of dug wells. Health workers should provide counseling and supervise dug well sanitation inspections and periodically check the biological quality of dug well water.

Factors Associated with the Symptom of Depression among Elderly in Indonesian Urban Areas

Depression is the most common mental disorder among the elderly, affecting approximately 7% of the global elderly population (WHO, 2017). This study aims to analyze factors influencing symptoms of depression among the elderly in urban areas of Indonesia. Adopting a quantitative cross-sectional design, the researchers scrutinized secondary data available publicly from Indonesian Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018. The data were analyzed using logistic regression statistics. We found that there are 11.2% (n=3200) of respondents who experienced symptoms of depression from 28.570 elderly in Indonesia urban areas. The bivariate results showed that gender (95% CI 1.257-1.536), history of chronic diseases (95% CI 1.834-2.242), educational status (95% CI 3.033-5.141), employment status (95% CI 1.434-1.770), marriage status (95% CI 1.134-1.391), and physical activity (95% CI 1.255-1.565) significantly correlated with the symptoms of depression among elderly. Low educational status is the most dominant variable influencing symptoms of depression in urban areas of Indonesia. Education influences individual behavior, the higher the individual's education, the higher the level of knowledge through the ability to receive and rationalize information more easily. Our result might be used in developing the educational programs as a preventive and promotive effort by the government.

CATCALLING PHENOMENON AS A FORM OF SEXUAL HARASSMENT VERBALLY AGAINST WOMEN IN MALANG EMMANUEL LEVINAS FACE PHILOSOPHY PERSPECTIVE

This research aims to explain the phenomenon of catcalling as a form of verbal sexual harassment against women in Malang from the perspective of Emmanuel Levinas' facial philosophy. This catcalling terminology emerged from several large urban areas in Indonesia, such as Jakarta, Malang, Yogyakarta and Surabaya. Catcalling is called verbal sexual harassment because the perpetrator responds to the victim, such as whistling, sexually nuanced remarks in the form of words that make the victim uncomfortable, feel humiliated and attack the victim's sexual attributes. Among urban communities, the term catcalling has a vague meaning because it is a joke or joke to victims, most of whom are women. This paper aims to describe, analyze and find out the form of communication from catcalling. The author uses a phenomenological analysis methodology. The type of research used is qualitative research methods: a critical reading of the text and observations. As for the findings in this study, they were catcalling, verbal sexual harassment and rape culture. For Levinas, the victim or woman who experiences catcalls is the other who is tortured and harmed.

Retailer's Density and Single Stick Cigarette's Accessibility among School-Age Children in Indonesia.

The density of single-stick cigarette sales is related to the increase in tobacco epidemic-related diseases. This study aims to provide evidence of retailers' density and radius around the school location, accessibility of single-stick cigarette selling among school-age children, and retailers' response regarding the restriction policy options in urban areas in Indonesia. It is a cross-sectional study. The retailers' spatial density and the radius around schools in Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta Province were investigated using Google Maps and Google Street View (GSV). The coordinates of retailers and schools were geo-coded to Kernel Density Map. The accessibility of single-stick cigarettes among children and restriction policy options for cigarette selling were derived from random sampling using surveys of 64 retailers based on Google Data results. Virtually walking using google maps and GSV found 8,371 retailers in DKI Jakarta. There were ± 15 cigarette retailers every 1 km2, and an average of ± one cigarette retailer in every 1,000 residents. There were 456 (21.67%) retailers with a radius ≤ 100 meters around elementary schools, even an increase around junior high school locations of 167 (26.05%) retailers. The accessibility of cigarettes among children is easy because the price is relatively low, at Rp1,500/ $0.11 per stick. In addition, 58.1% of retailers allowed customers to buy on debt. Eleven percent of cigarette retailers intended to reduce the sale of cigarettes if the prohibition of single-stick cigarette sales were applied. Cigarette retailers were very dense and single-stick cigarettes were still accessible to children in Indonesia. The implementation of the prohibition on single-stick cigarette sales should be added for future tobacco control in developing countries such as Indonesia.

Forecasting land-use changes due to coastal city development on the peri-urban area in Makassar City, Indonesia

As one of the urban areas in Indonesia, Makassar City has been experiencing massive expansion during the past decades, resulting in land-use changes and structures in the surrounding peri-urban areas. This study examines the land-use changes and socio-economic characteristics in Makassar City since 2001, then generates a projection of land-use changes of the next decade (the year 2031) in peri-urban areas, particularly in Tamalanrea and Biringkanaya sub-districts. Several Landsat Thematic Mapper imageries and Thematic Maps were used to analyze the land-use changes. In contrast, Cellular Automata-Markov Chain was used to simulate land-use projection and interviews to discover the community's socio-economic characteristics. According to the forecasting results, the area of built-up land was predicted to increase to 11531.4 ha or 67.27% in 2031, while the remaining vacant land (non-built-up land) was predicted to reach 5611.8 ha or 32.73%. A significant increase occurred in the total built area compared to land use conditions in 2016, and this is in line with the projected population growth amounting to 2,027,826 people by 2031. Based on these findings, the direction of coastal city development ought to be modified to restrict open land use. At the same time, spatial policies must be obeyed to prevent the loss of designated zones.

Contributed Indicators to Fluvial Flood Along River Basin in Urban Area of Indonesia

Flooding is the most common disaster in Indonesia, it is classified as a disaster if it affects humans causing physical and financial losses. Flood damage depends on the type of flood, flow velocity, and duration. The increase in population will cause an increase in infrastructure that will affect the environment, including the carrying capacity of rivers and catchment areas, while flooding in urban areas will also have an impact on infrastructure and assets, increasing flood damage. This study discusses the factors that cause flooding (rainfall, topography, soil type, land slope, distance from rivers, river waste, population density, etc.), as well as various types of floods that occur. The method used in this research was based on the qualitative analysis of the information from the government and literature over the last five years obtained from online databases and search engines. The results of this study can provide a reference for the theory regarding disaster risk assessment and flood hazard prediction in watersheds. This research was conducted in the Ciliwung Watershed (DAS), where the factors and the dominant type of flooding were determined. Knowing the contributing factors can be beneficial for flood risk management. This research focuses on identifying factors that contribute to fluvial flood events and understanding their influence so that a more integrated flood risk management that takes into account the upstream, middle, and downstream parts of the watershed can be arranged in other areas based on the example of measures implemented by the local government in the Ciliwung watershed. This conceptual effort provides a much-needed foundation for developing better mitigation efforts in watersheds.

Urban Areas in Indonesia: How does Smart Living is Implemented ?

This study aims to analyze how the implementation of smart living in urban areas in Indonesia. Because Indonesia is included in the ten countries with the fastest urbanization growth in 2014, where urbanization growth is also accompanied by the emergence of various complex problems in urban areas. A mature urban strategy is needed to minimize the occurrence of various problems such as environmental crises, social problems, and irregular urban planning due to rapid urbanization. One of these problems can be overcome by implementing smart living, where the city provides comfort in terms of the environment, sustainable resources, physical and non-physical beauty, visual or not, for the community and the public. The measurement of the implementation of smart living in urban areas is seen from several indicators such as cultural facilities, health conditions, individual safety, housing quality, educational facilities, touristic, and social cohesion. This study uses qualitative research with data analysis using Nvivo 12 Plus and VOSviewer software. The data sources that the author uses are journals obtained from Scopus which are then downloaded in RIS format and processed using VOSviewer and Nvivo 12 Plus. The results of this study indicate that in implementing smart living in urban Indonesia, the security guarantee indicator has not been able to be fulfilled and has the lowest percentage compared to other indicators. while the indicators that have been able to be fulfilled and have the highest percentage are health service facilities.

Experienced-Based Food Insecurity and Subjective Happiness: A Case Study of Socioeconomically Disadvantaged People in Three Urban Areas of Indonesia

Experienced-Based Food Insecurity and Subjective Happiness: A Case Study of Socioeconomically Disadvantaged People in Three Urban Areas of Indonesia

Domestic Waste Pollution of River Settlements, Banjarmasin City, Indonesia

The increase in the amount of household domestic waste isgetting bigger every year as the populationincreases. Domestic household waste pollution is increasingly polluting rivers, especially on the riverbanksof the City of Banjarmasin whose residents live on the banks of the river. The purpose of the study was toestimate the population, the amount of domestic waste, andthe amount of domestic waste pollution on theriverbanks of Banjarmasin City. The research populationis the head of the family who lives on the banks ofthe river Banjarmasin as many as 10,724 houses. The number of samples based on the Slovin method witha margin of error of 5% is known as 386. Sampling using a proportional random sampling technique.Analysis of the data in a quantitative description using theformula for domestic waste generation. Theresults of the study estimated that the population of thesettlements along the riverbanks of BanjarmasinCity was 43,618 people. The amount of domestic waste in settlements along the riverbanks of BanjarmasinCity for one year is estimated that organic waste discharged to TPS is 865.05 tons/year, while that isDisposedof into rivers as much as 1,204.5 tons/year, and inorganic waste disposed of to TPS as much as 2,193.65tons/year. dumped into the river as much as 1,627.9 tons/year. The amount of liquid waste result from theactivities of bathing, washing, and toilet for one year is estimated at 1,107,753.1 m3/year, which consists ofa bath of liquid waste by 552,76.3 m3/year, wastewater washing for 337,676.1 m3/year, and wastewaterouthouses of 217,317.35 m3/year. Efforts to control the amount of domestic waste pollution in riverbank settlements in every urban area in Indonesia are urgently needed by facilitating the construction of bathing,washing, and public toilets that are connected to the installation of wastewater disposal and garbage disposalsites.

DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR HYDROPONIC VEGETABLE SEED SELECTION USING EXPONENTIAL COMPARISON METHOD

The issue of food security is not only the task of farmers, therefore starting to participate in growing vegetables at home through hydroponic techniques can be a solution. Hydroponics is one solution for urban farming or farming activities independently in urban areas in Indonesia. In order to get an abundant harvest on limited land, it requires quality seeds. Good vegetable seeds hold the key to determining a good harvest too. So, you should not carelessly buy vegetable seeds to grow vegetables hydroponically. But the problem is, with so many vegetable seed products for hydroponics on the market, it makes someone confused to choose the right product that suits their needs. The main purpose of this research is to develop a decision support system for selecting hydroponic vegetable seeds with a website-based Exponential Comparison Method to facilitate decision makers in determining the right seeds and according to their needs. The Exponential Comparison method can perform a priority order of decision alternatives on existing criteria and can distinguish the value of each alternative in contrast. The decision support system developed produces calculations using the valid Exponential Comparison Method because the results are in accordance with manual calculations. In addition, based on the black-box testing technique, it shows that the system built has been running well.

A SWOT Analysis of the Hydroponics Entrepreneurship as Sustainable Income in Covid-19 Pandemic Adaptation

The COVID-19 pandemic made us adapt to changes. One kind of adaptation that provides opportunities is hydroponics entrepreneurship as sustainable income generation. The sustainability context in this research is about how impactful hydroponics is with regard to economic, social and environmental aspects. This study aims to give a comprehensive understanding of the potential of hydroponics entrepreneurship, located in urban areas of Indonesia, as sustainable income generation. The research is a qualitative study that was conducted in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi. The data collection was conducted through literature review and in-depth interviews with 25 respondents. The literature review aims to give an understanding of the sustainability context while the interview focused on the Strength-Weakness-Opportunity-Threat (SWOT) analysis of hydroponics entrepreneurship activity. The findings of the interview show that the quality of hydroponics products and customer responsiveness in the two study areas may become the strengths of hydroponics. Meanwhile, the efficiency of production and innovation turn out as the weaknesses of the activities. Furthermore, the hydroponics grower can find opportunities in political, social, technological, and legal aspects, but they should be aware of the economic and environmental threats. In conclusion, hydroponics is a promising sector for income generation in the two study areas but considering both helpful aspects such as quality, customer responsive, technology, political environment, social condition, and legalization and harmful factors such as efficiency, innovation, economic condition, and environment are essential for the hydroponics growers.

STUDY OF E-SPORTS TOURISM POTENTIAL USING TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE ANALYSIS METHOD

This study discusses the potential of the electronic sports industry in the tourism sector, especially in urban areas in Indonesia. In this case, the potential in question includes the potential for product components in the electronic sports event industry ecosystem, as well as the potential for industrial models in the aspect of sustainability. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, with the distribution of participants being all tourists from electronic sports events in urban areas in Indonesia. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that currently the electronic sports industry is growing rapidly in Indonesia and the world, this industry also indicates a positive influence on the development of the social, economic, and natural resources surrounding the industrial operating environment, so that it has the potential to become a sustainable tourism resource in the future. This study discusses the potential of the electronic sports industry in the tourism sector, especially in urban areas in Indonesia. In this case, the potential in question includes the potential for product components in the electronic sports event industry ecosystem, as well as the potential for industrial models in the aspect of sustainability. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, with the distribution of participants being all tourists from electronic sports events in urban areas in Indonesia. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that currently the electronic sports industry is growing rapidly in Indonesia and the world, this industry also indicates a positive influence on the development of the social, economic, and natural resources surrounding the industrial operating environment, so that it has the potential to become a sustainable tourism resource in the future

ALAT PELACAK BERBASIS LONG RANGE WIDE AREA NETWORK (LORAWAN)

Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is a type of network for wireless telecommunications area designed to support long distance communication. LoRaWAN can be used on communication networks that have a wide range using end devices. LoRaWAN offers various advantages that are able to answer the application of IoT applications, but the current application of LoRaWAN technology is still very limited, so simulation and analysis of the extent to which LoRaWAN technology can be simulated in urban areas in Indonesia is needed. And in this tool, we developed a loawan to track location with a loawan GPS module capable of sending GPS data with radio signals without using the internet or cellular data

The Relationship Between Absolute Poverty Income Inequality in Rural and Urban Areas in Indonesia: The Granger Causality Approach

This study aims to determine the relationship between poverty and inequality in rural and urban areas by using the Granger causality test approach. This research method uses the Granger causality test analysis tool with rural and urban areas as objects in all provinces in Indonesia with use data from thirty four province and period year from 2014 until 2020. The results of the Granger causality test for rural areas show that there is a realtionship unidirectional relationship between poverty and inequality, the relationship shows significant inequality that causes poverty in rural areas, that meaning in rural area absolute poverty happen because inequality income distribution, while the results of causality tests for urban areas show that there is no relationship at all between poverty and inequality in the urban areas. that meaning In urban areas no causality between absolute poverty and inequality income distribution, this result shows that poverty and inequality in urban areas do not contain a direct one way or two-way relationship.

Inter-Religious Mate Selection Negotiating Process Relationship in Indonesia

This research explores the process of inter-religious mate selection and the important role of third parties as social forces in the process among individuals in urban areas in Indonesia. The scope is sociology of family using hybrid typology for the process and Kalmijn (1998) for the third parties. The article enriches those elaborated by Netting (2010), Tsutsui (2013) and Casier et al. (2013) on combination of traditional and love mate selection process, and Kalmijn (1998), Connolly (2009), Yahya and Boag (2014) on the third parties in intermarriage. A qualitative field research with snowball method by doing retrospective interviews in greater Jakarta is conducted among 4 individuals from Islam and Christian. The period of research is from the year 2018-2021. It is revealed that all of the individuals going through the hybrid mate selection process which starts from the love typology and ends in the traditional typology. The process begins with individual choosing his/her mate on his/her own and in the end only able to get married by approval of his/her family. It is revealed individuals’ capability to negotiate his/her standpoint to preserve the relationship until succeed to marry, with several and multilayer third parties specially his/her conjugal family and the state. The process reflects the existence of inter-religious tolerance. A mate selection theoretical contribution on how hybrid process and negotiating with the third parties as social forces also applies in inter-religious context, are also elaborated.