Ural Federal District Research Articles

Regional water and environmental analysis of the Ural Federal District

The article explains the need to diagnose the man-made impact on water resources as a priority task to ensure the environmental safety of the territory in order to develop a sound regional environmental policy in relation to the sustainable and environmentally safe use of water resources. The diagnostic results of the water and environmental situation in the Ural Federal District are provided.

Evolution of the New Media as a Platform for Career Guidance With Applicants (on the example of universities in the Ural Federal district)

Evolution of the New Media as a Platform for Career Guidance With Applicants (on the example of universities in the Ural Federal district)

Анализ текущего состояния, проблемы и перспективы вагоноремонтного производства в Уральском федеральном округе

The article provides analysis of the current status of wagon-building production in the Ural Federal district, the basic problems of car repair business and prospects of its development, explores ways to transfer the functions of operational carload depot for uncoupling repair of freight cars at the car-repair enterprises, the proposals for the development of the car repair business are given.

Современные этнодемографические процессы в регионах Сибири и Дальнего Востока

The article touches upon the changes that happened in the demographical years. Asian Russia – is 77% of the territory of our country and just 25% of its population. Low population density and spotted allocation of population on this extremely tremendous territory are the problems that have been formed historically. In the imperial Russia and in the Soviet Union these problems were solved and the population of eastern regions of the country increased steadily. A demographical switch took place after the breakup of the Soviet Union. The population decreased by 2.2 million people between the population censuses of 1989 and 2010. The shifts in distribution of population and changes in ethnic composition of regions occurred. Despite various development programs, the share of residents of the Russia’s Far East and in general the Far North and the equal-status regions diminished most significantly. The share of the Russians decreased in national republics. In order to study these massive processes a net community of scientists, experts working in the fields of migration, history and ethnology, was established. The community was formed under the scope of the project “Ethno-demographical processes in the Asian Russia: contemporary state, expectations and risks”. The experts work in 12 regions of the Urals federal district (Sverdlovsk, Tyumen and the Chelyabinsk region), the Siberian federal district (the Krasnoyarsk territory, the Republic of Altai, the Omsk and Novosibirsk regions) and the Far-Eastern federal district (The Republic of Buryatia, the Republic of the Sakha (Yakutia), the Khabarovsk territory, the Primorsk territory, the Chukotka autonomous district). Sociological surveys of population, including students, were held in every region in 2020. The surveys were based on the common program. Migration situation, causes and grounds of migrations were evaluated. It seems to be important to analyze ethno-demographical processes at the point of holding the Russian Census.

Мелкое хищение: вопросы права и криминологии (на примере Уральского Федерального округа)

Мелкое хищение: вопросы права и криминологии (на примере Уральского Федерального округа)

ARGUMENTATION IN BUSINESS PUBLICATIONS (BASED ON THE MATERIALS PUBLISHED IN THE “KOMMERSANT”)

The article highlights and analyzes special methods of argumentation used in Russian business publications on a significant theoretical and empirical basis. The study reveals the logic of such argumentation and its effectiveness for representing the issues covered by business media. The article establishes the interrelationship between the features presented and the professional standards used in business publications to ensure objectivity, accuracy of information transmission, completeness and depth of analysis, and balance of opinions presented in the materials. The analysis and the conclusions are illustrated by the materials published in the newspaper “Kommersant”, the flagship of Russian business journalism, over the period from October 2019 to March 2020, with a total of more than 100 publications. The materials are devoted to various issues of economic development in Russia and the Ural Federal district, and are written in various genres and employ different composition techniques. Content analysis has become the main method of research. It is a method of qualitative and quantitative analysis of the content of certain documents in order to identify or measure various facts and trends reflected in these documents. The following types of “special” argumentation peculiar to business journalism publications have been discovered: expert argumentation, anonymous source argumentation, statistical data argumentation, analogy argumentation, infographics argumentation, “argumentative” methods of authored syntax, background argumentation, and authoritative argumentation. Identification of the typical features of argumentation in the materials of business media allows the researcher to see the tendencies in the development of mass media related to the business segment, and to observe the further formation of professional standards of business journalism in this development. The results obtained from this study can be useful for both practicing business journalists and students of journalism and philological departments.

Analysis of the residential mortgage market in the Ural Federal District

Analysis of the residential mortgage market in the Ural Federal District

Predicting the Economic Development in Early Childhood Education: The Case of Four Federal Districts of Russia

This paper provides a review of Russian and international studies devoted to early childhood education policies, substantiating the need to forecast the demand for preschool education. Data on 2008–2018 preschool education in Central, Ural, Northwestern, and Volga Federal Districts is analyzed, and predictions regarding the development of early childhood education in the specified regions are made, using Sergey Belyakov’s model, for the 2019–2031 period. The following indicators are forecasted for each region: the number of children aged 0–7; the number of preschool students; the ratio of potential enrollment to kindergarten capacity; the student–teacher ratio in kindergartens; and the demand for preschool teachers.

Maternal mortality in the Ural and Volga Federal districts

Maternal mortality in the Ural and Volga Federal districts

Оценка технологических возможностей регионов для развития человеческого потенциала (на примере субъектов Уральского и Сибирского федеральных округов)

Introduction. Developing human potential, improving the population’s life quality of the regions are the unconditional priorities of the regional socio-economic policy. The implementation of such priorities requires an objective assessment of the existing socio-economic situation of the Russian Federation’s constituent entities, an analysis of the conditions for regional development, a search for economic growth drivers, and the development of effective mechanisms for implementing priorities. The designated issues are in the area of scientists’ and specialists’ close attention, whose range of scientific research and applied practices is constantly replenished. In this regard, the article expands the understanding of the complexity of the regions’ socio-economic and technological development, and various aspects of the processes of regional development are considered on the basis of the proposed model, the essence of which is represented by the triad “conditions-factors-results”. Within the framework of the proposed triad, «conditions» were determined by the socio-economic situation of the region, scientific, technological and digital «factors» were considered as drivers of development; and “results” were investigated through social parameters that reflect the level of human development. Taking into account the importance of achieving social results in the framework of technological development, studies aimed at studying the interdependence of the processes of technological transformation and human development seem to be very timely and relevant. Purpose. Reveal the mutual influence of the scientific and technical potential and the level of digitalization of the territory, as factors of socio-economic development, on the human potential of the region. Methods. For the study, a statistical analysis was used based on data from Rosstat, Moscow School of Management Skolkovo, RIA Rating; correlation analysis; methods of comparative analysis, rating, grouping and positioning of regions. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the developed model of regional development, the content of which is described by the triad “conditions-factorsresults”. The conditions of regional development are considered as opportunities to achieve the set goal, factors - as catalysts for technological development of territories, results - as an increase in human potential. At the same time, the model has reproductive characteristics, since it provides for direct and feedback connections, namely: the achieved «results» affect and change the «conditions» that form the updated «factors», which in turn generate new «results». The resulting cumulative effect of the technological development of the regions is converted into the strengthening and development of human potential. Results and Conclusions. The authors conducted a study on the influence of integral indicators of the socioeconomic situation of regions, the level of scientific and technical potential and digitalization on the human development index of the regions of the Ural and Siberian federal districts. The comparison of the regions was carried out both separately for each federal district and jointly for all regions of the two districts. The grouping and positioning of regions in the study of the triad «conditions-factors-results» made it possible to identify the strongest regions where a favorable socio-economic situation, high digital and scientific and technical potential contribute to the development of human potential. In contrast, less prosperous regions (from the standpoint of conditions and factors of technological development) are not capable of a technological breakthrough and are limited in their impact on human potential. The unevenness of digital development and the scientific and technical potential of the regions was established, and the leading regions and outsider regions characterized by unequal opportunities for technological development were identified. The positioning of the regions made it possible to identify groups for which measures are needed to expand opportunities for technological development. The influence of the level of digitalization and scientific and technical potential on the human development index was established, which made it possible to identify regions, one of which is advisable to be included in interregional interaction (partnerships) to enhance the use of their specific capabilities, while others - to overcome the lag in the studied areas of development.

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД В ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ УСТОЙЧИВОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ РЕГИОНОВ

The article discusses a new, genetic approach to problems of sustainable regional economic development. The article describes the methodological aspects of this approach and shows how it can be applied for meso-economic studies and search for solutions to sustainable development problems. Social defense mechanisms provide social cohesion and enable the society to resist internal and external economic shocks. The hypothesis tested in the article is that the social immunity of a territory (or the territory’s defense mechanisms) affects its sustainable economic development. To test this hypothesis, we developed a methodological framework for evaluating the social immunity of a territory. This methodology was then applied to the case of the Ural Federal District, more specifically, Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk and Tyumen regions in the period between 2010 and 2018. It was shown that the proposed methodology can be applied to model the core of social immunity of any region by using the Frobenius norms, reflecting positive and negative social transformations. The hypothesis was thus confirmed and the conclusion was made that the lack of social immunity in a territory results in its increased vulnerability to external shocks, both random and regular, and in economic entities’ diminished ability to benefit from the economic effects.

Cognitive analysis of the socio-ecological and economic system of the region for choosing a sustainable development strategy (on the example of oil-producing regions of Russia)

To correspond with Strategy of Russian regional development and sustainable development aims, in the article we propose to base strategy development on the results of modelling and analysis of socioenvironmental-economic region systems in the form of oriented graphs. Authors developed model for oil exploring regions Urals Federal district, based on open source data and lacking information is identified, as well as types and ways of it’s gathering for completion of the modelling process.

ПРАВОВЫЕ АСПЕКТЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ МЕХАНИЗМА ФИНАНСОВОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ ГОСУДАРСТВА И КОРПОРАТИВНЫХ ФИНАНСОВ В ФОРМАТЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННО-ЧАСТНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА

The modern state performs a lot more functions than in historical retrospective. In addition to the totality of social functions aimed at ensuring social guarantees in society and social justice, a large pool of new financial functions has been formed that are designed to ensure transparency of mechanisms for investing in objects of particular importance. This category includes transport infrastructure, the construction and modernization of which are aimed at ensuring sustainable rates of economic growth and domestic economic security. The basis of the mechanism of financial interaction between the state and corporate entities is the regulatory framework, including a number of documents, from decrees of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin, expended in Federal Law No. 115-FL dated July 21, 2005 “On Concession Agreements in the Russian Federation” to the National Program “Safe and High-Quality Roads” and the Federal Projects “Road Safety” and “System-wide Measures for the Development of the Road Economy”. All these documents from the conditions under which participation in project financing or concession agreements is possible, which are used as part of a public-private partnership in the construction and modernization of transport infrastructure facilities. Of particular importance is the regulatory framework for the regions, forming on its basis regional documents regulating relations between the state and private corporate investors. In the article, the authors attempted to review the experience of the Ural Federal District in the direction of developing public-private partnerships in the field of construction and modernization of transport infrastructure facilities. The place of legal aspects in the formation of the investment status of individual subjects of the Ural Federal District is shown.

Welfare of the Individual in the crisis of the regional socioeconomic system

The object of the study. Regional economy. The subject of the study. Socio-economic relations, which transform into conditions that cause threats and affect the level of personal welfare in the territory of residence. The Purpose of the study. Diagnosing the welfare of the individual in the territory of residence taking into account the impact of the security and cooperation in the region. The Main Aspects of the Article. 1. A modular scheme of the welfare of the individual in the territory of residence is presented. Two insignificant modules for diagnosing the well-being of an individual in the territory of residence were removed and multicollenarity of indicators was excluded. 2. We developed an express-diagnostics of the welfare of the individual in the territory of residence taking into account the security and cooperation in the region based on cross-correlation function. The analysis of the mutual influence of economic security and welfare of the individual in the territory of residence with a gradation in the types of interaction is given. Three types of interaction have been identified: a) a simultaneous increase in indicators of welfare of individual in the territory of residence and indicators of economic security; b) indicators of economic security act as supporting elements for indicators of welfare of the individual in the territory of residence; c) stationary behavior of indicators of both modules. 3. The scalar potential of the interaction between economic security and of the welfare of individual in the territory is proposed, for which a stable position is allocated. This potential takes into account all three types of interaction of personal welfare in the territory of residence with economic potential. 4. The results of the subjects of the Ural Federal District are classified according to main types of crises. Comparison of the situation of the subjects of the Ural Federal District during the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009 is considered in detail and that of stagnation period of 2016-2019.

В каких городах нам нравится жить? Эмпирический анализ отношения занятых к городам

Attracting talented employees to the cities leads to the concentration of high-quality human capital, and thus to the successful economic and social development. So far we do not have enough knowledge about what kind of the city amenities contribute to the positive attitude of the employees to the cities where they live and / or work. Exploring that could be important for research in the frameworks of the theories of local labor markets and compensating differentials, as well as in the design of social policies in cities. This study is based on the unique microdata collected by the authors using surveys of the employed population of 20-64 years old in the administrative centers of the Ural Federal District, a total of 2,520 respondents. We applied cross tabulation to measure the strength of the relationship between employees' attitude to the cities and satisfaction of the city amenities, individual characteristics of the employee, individual wages. The results showed that there is a linear relationship between employees' attitude to the cities and their individual wages, as well as between employees' satisfaction of the city amenities. The obtained results can be explained based on the economic theories approach as well as on the concept of city branding.

МЕЖРЕГИОНАЛЬНОЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА НА ОСНОВЕ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ АВТОКОРРЕЛЯЦИИ

The article proposes a methodological approach for assessing the conditions of interregional interaction of Russian regions in terms of energy conditions. To this end, we substantiate and analyze the spatial distribution of Russian regions’ energy potential. An integral index of energy potential is constructed, which characterizes the main energy and economic factors of regional development in Russia. To calculate the index, we used the statistical data from the Russian Federal Statistics Service (Rosstat) and departmental organizations for 84 regions. The energy potential is calculated by using the principal component method. Interregional relationships based on this index are investigated with the help of the spatial autocorrelation method (Moran method). We focus on the relationships between the regions of the Ural Federal District and identify priority areas of energy and economic development of these territories. In particular, we analyze the spatial development of energy and economy and identify the centers where energy resources are concentrated and their spheres. Our findings can be used by state authorities and energy companies to design plans for the development of energy systems and regional economies within the framework of the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation for the Period until 2025.

Роль транспортного коридора «Россия — Китай» в перевозке экспортных грузов

The article analyzes the role of the export component in the development of the country’s agricultural and coal industry at the current and future stages, and notes the contribution of the agro-industrial complex of the Ural Federal District and other regions to the development of exports from Russia to China. Attention is paid to the transportation of coal and possible problems affecting its demand. The actions of Russian Railways aimed at developing internal infrastructure for transporting more export cargo to the far East are also considered. The importance of the Russia — China transport corridor for the economy of our country is emphasized.

МОНОГОРОДА УРАЛЬСКОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЙОНА: ОСОБЕННОСТИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ

The article is devoted to the study of trends in the socio-economic development of single-industry cities of the Ural Federal District and the Ural economic region, their typology in accordance with industry specifics, the development of proposals for improving the economic situation in this type of settlements. The choice of territories for the study was dictated by the special uniqueness of the Ural Federal District. It lies not only in the fact that 37 monotowns of the macroregion make up a third of its entire urban environment — almost 20% of the district's residents (with the all-Russian one — slightly less than 10% of the country's population), but also in the fact that all mono-settlements are concentrated in three constituent entities of the district out of six : Kurgan region (4), Sverdlovsk region (17) and Chelyabinsk region (16). And for them the share of the population of single-industry towns is already more than 30%. In addition, in the Sverdlovsk and Chelyabinsk regions, single-industry towns form single-industry districts (this kind of phenomenon still exists only in the Kemerovo region). An increase in the values of the decile coefficient, the unemployment rate and the proportion of the population living at the poverty line can lead not only to an increase in social tension and an increase in crime, but also to outbursts of protest actions. In this regard, the study of trends in the socio-economic development of monotowns in the Urals has a high scientific and practical relevance and significance for the sustainable development of Russia.

Assessment of the relationship between the logistics infrastructure of the Ural Federal District and the economic indicators of the district and the country

The article shows the relationship between the logistics infrastructure of the Ural Federal District and the economic indicators of both the Russian Federation and the district. The parameters of the logistics infrastructure included indicators of its warehouse, transport, financial, and informational components. The analyzed data are for 2004-2018. To exclude redundant variables, they were tested for normality, multicollinearity, and the measure of the relationship with dependent indicators was assessed. The research method is multiple regression analysis. The study has proved that the relationship between economic indicators and independent variables can be represented as a linear multiple regression model. Based on the models obtained, the significant influence of the transport component of the logistics infrastructure of the Ural Federal District on the economic indicators of the country and the district is shown. The creation of logistics infrastructure development programs based on the results obtained will promote the socio-economic development and investment attractiveness of the district.

Comments on the article «The situation with the spread of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and its socio-economic consequences in the subjects of the Ural Federal District»

Comments on the article «The situation with the spread of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances and its socio-economic consequences in the subjects of the Ural Federal District»