Amount Of Uptake Research Articles

Effect of pretreatment procedure on the properties of cementitious materials with limestone cured by CO2

Carbon sequestration in cementitious materials is an effective way to promote sustainable development of the cement industry. Traditionally, specimens are cast and then cured by CO2. Cement particles are first pretreated with CO2 and cast into specimens to study their performance properties are innovatively investigated in this paper. In this study, the carbonation depth, CO2 uptake amount, compressive strength, reaction heat, XRD and SEM/BSE of cementitious materials with and without pretreatment procedure were investigated. The results showed that the pretreatment procedure enhanced the CO2 uptake amount of paste samples and contributed significantly to the carbonation depth, but was not conducive to the development of compressive strength. As seen in the SEM/BSE images, a rim of dense nano-sized CaCO3 was produced around the clinker particle after pretreatment, which was identified as mainly calcite in combination with XRD analysis. The considerable reduction in cumulated heat release of the pretreated cement implied that the rim of dense CaCO3 hinder the subsequent hydration of unreacted clinker particle to some extent. The sample prepared with pretreated cement caused a rim of crack around the clinker particle after 1 day of CO2 curing and 27 days of subsequent water curing. 5%, 10% and 15% limestone powder were added in order to improve the degree of carbonation and hydration of cementitious materials. With the increase of limestone powder addition, the carbonation depth and CO2 uptake amount increased gradually. The compressive strength reached the maximum when its content was 10%.

Structural Characterization of Zinc-Sucrose Complex and Its Ability to Promote Zinc Absorption in Caco-2 Monolayer Cells and Mice.

Sucrose emerges as a metal-ion chelating agent with excellent stability that may increase metal-ion absorption. This study aimed to characterize the structure of zinc-sucrose complex and investigate its ability to promote zinc absorption in Caco-2 monolayer cells and mice. Based on the results of the inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-ES), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), it can be inferred that zinc and sucrose were chelated at a 1:1 ratio, with the hydroxyl groups playing a significant role. The Caco-2 monolayer cell model revealed that zinc-sucrose complex increased the amount of zinc uptake, retention, and transport in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Through the upregulation of genes and proteins for ZIP4, MT1, and DMT1, treatment with zinc-sucrose complex improved the proportion of absorbed zinc utilized for transport compared to ZnCl2 (26.21 ± 4.96 versus 8.50 ± 1.51%). Pharmacokinetic analysis of mice confirmed the zinc absorption-promoting effect of zinc-sucrose complex, as indicated by the considerably higher serum zinc level (4.16 ± 0.53 versus 2.56 ± 0.45 mg/L) and intestinal ZIP4, MT1, and DMT1 gene expression than ZnCl2. Further treatment of different zinc channel inhibitors and CETSA demonstrated the direct interaction of zinc-sucrose complex with ZIP4 protein and ZIP4-mediated cellular transport of zinc-sucrose complex. These findings provide a novel insight into the zinc absorption-promoting mechanism of zinc-sucrose complex, which could be used as an ingredient in functional foods to treat zinc deficiency.

Enhancement of arsenic uptake and accumulation in green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through heterologous expression of the phosphate transporter DsPht1

Arsenate (AsV) is a predominant arsenic contaminant in aerobic water. Microalgae have been recently used in the phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated water. However, the amount of AsV uptake in microalgae is limited, which hinders the application of microalgae in arsenic-contaminated water treatment. Here, we found that the expression of a novel phosphate transporter DsPht1 in Dunaliella salina was highly upregulated after AsV exposure. Fluorescent protein-tagging analysis showed the plasma membrane location of DsPht1. Furthermore, DsPht1 was overexpressed in a model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The DsPht1 transgenetic lines accumulated up to 6.4-fold higher total arsenic than the untransformed line, and the AsV amount in total arsenic increased by 8.3-fold. Moreover, the organoarsenic content was also higher in the transgenetic lines. Overall, the DsPht1 transformants generated in this study increased arsenate uptake and transformation, which are promising for the effective phytoremediation of arsenic-contaminated water.

Influence of food oral processing, bolus characteristics, and digestive conditions on the protein digestibility of turkey cold meat and fresh cheese

During mastication, foods are progressively transformed to achieve swallowable boluses and their characteristics are crucial for the subsequent digestion events. The main goal of this work was to evaluate the impact of food oral processing, bolus properties, and different digestive conditions on the protein digestibility of turkey cold meat and fresh cheese. In vivo normal and deficient masticated food boluses were prepared by a young volunteer. Besides, three digestion models were used to simulate the different physiological conditions frequently observed in adults and the elderly, presenting good or poor oral health: i) Normal Masticated-Normal Digested model; ii) Deficient Masticated-Normal Digested model; and iii) Deficient Masticated-Elderly Digested model. The oral processing behaviour (number of chews, chewing time, chewing rate, and saliva uptake), bolus particle size, textural and viscoelastic properties of boluses, and protein digestibility of samples were determined. Results showed that deficient masticated boluses exhibited lower amounts of saliva uptake and greater particle sizes, hardness, stiffness, and rigidity, notably in deficient masticated turkey cold meat boluses. Moreover, the worst digestive scenario (Deficient Masticated-Elderly Digested model) negatively impacted on the proteolysis extend of samples, especially for total soluble proteins and soluble peptides contents. The current study demonstrates that the oral processing behaviour and degree of food fragmentation impacted on the granulometric, texture, and viscoelastic properties of both food boluses, whereas the worst digestive scenario commonly observed in the elderly reduced the proteolysis extend of the products evaluated.

Rational Synthesis of Monodisperse Hollow Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres for Selective Adsorption

AbstractMonodisperse hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres with large cavity (62 nm) in the inner core, small mesopores in the outer shell, and high specific surface area of 373 m2/g are successfully synthesized via one‐step dual‐template synthetic approach utilizing dodecyl sulfobetaine and sodium dodecyl benzenesulfonate as double templates. The architectures including particles sizes, outer shell thickness, and hollow structure could be effective regulated by simple adjusting the volume proportion of alcohols in the solution. Besides, the functions of alcohols in determining the critical micelle concentration and polarity of the synthesis system are elaborated. Owing to introduction of amino active sites in the outer shell, the prepared hollow mesoporous silica nanospheres deliver high loading capacity and favorable selectivity towards anionic dye molecules. The maximum uptake amount for methyl orange and eosin Y reaches as high as 359 mg/g and 332 mg/g, respectively.

Peptide‐Modified AIEgen Probe for Selective Imaging and Killing of Drug‐Resistant Cancer Cells Based on Cell‐Cycle‐Dependent Uptake

AbstractDistinguishing the precise phases of cells in the cell cycle is important for elucidation of their regulatory mechanisms and exploiting cell‐cycle‐targeted drugs. Here, a simple but efficient strategy is established based on a peptide‐modified aggregation‐induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) probe PKK–TTP by utilizing its differential cellular uptake amounts for specific cell cycle recognition and targeted therapy. After incubating the probe in cells with different phases, maximal fluorescence and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation are observed in S phase, middle in G0/G1 phase, and the minimum in G2/M phase. The cell‐cycle‐dependent fluorescent intensity is proven to be related to variable uptake routes of PKK–TTP. The maximized uptake of PKK–TTP in S phase relies on three simultaneously working endocytic routes, including macro‐pinocytosis and clathrin‐ and caveolin‐dependent endocytosis, while decreased uptake in the G0/G1 and G2/M phases mainly depends on the single route. Furthermore, the uptake of PKK–TTP is further verified in normal cells and drug‐resistant cancer cells (S). Bright fluorescence of PKK–TTP is observed in drug‐resistant cancer cells in S phase, while a little fluorescence is observed in paclitaxel (PTX)‐treated cancer cells due to G2/M phase. Collectively, PKK–TTP can be applied to distinguish cancer cells, evaluating the drug resistance and exerting its therapeutic efficiency downstream.

Facile synthesis of bimetallic MIL-100(Fe, Al) for enhancing CO2 Adsorption performance

Bimetallic metal-organic frameworks, having two different metal species in the framework metal sites, demonstrate higher effectiveness in CO2 capture and separation performance than their monometallic counterpart. For this reason, a series of bimetallic MIL-100(Fe, Al) was synthesized using a hydrothermal reaction system in the presence of Fe and Al metal precursors with various molar ratios. The physicochemical characterizations of the products were influenced by adding Al species in the starting materials, inducing the successful incorporation of a certain amount of Al species inside the framework. The effect of Al incorporation was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, NH3-temperature program desorption, and a N2 porosimetry. Among the investigated samples, MIL-100(Fe, Al)#2 showed the highest CO2 adsorption capacity of 3.27 mmol g−1 with an IAST-CO2/N2 selectivity of 76.5 at 25 °C and 1 bar. Compared to the MIL-100(Fe) parent sample, the results improved by approximately 26% for CO2 uptake amount and by 1.5-fold for CO2/N2 selectivity due to the increment of micropore volume and presence of the new adsorptive sites of unsaturated metal sites (Al3+) and H+ from the bridges between tiny particles of AlOOH and –COOH groups. This facile synthetic route for bimetallic MOFs has the potential to enhance CO2 adsorption performance.

Deep roots mitigate drought impacts on tropical trees despite limited quantitative contribution to transpiration

Deep rooting is considered a central drought-mitigation trait with vast impact on ecosystem water cycling. Despite its importance, little is known about the overall quantitative water use via deep roots and dynamic shifts of water uptake depths with changing ambient conditions. Knowledge is especially sparse for tropical trees. Therefore, we conducted a drought, deep soil water labeling and re-wetting experiment at Biosphere 2 Tropical Rainforest. We used in situ methods to determine water stable isotope values in soil and tree water in high temporal resolution. Complemented by soil and stem water content and sap flow measurements we determined percentages and quantities of deep-water in total root water uptake dynamics of different tree species. All canopy trees had access to deep-water (max. uptake depth 3.3 m), with contributions to transpiration ranging between 21 % and 90 % during drought, when surface soil water availability was limited. Our results suggest that deep soil is an essential water source for tropical trees that delays potentially detrimental drops in plant water potentials and stem water content when surface soil water is limited and could hence mitigate the impacts of increasing drought occurrence and intensity as a consequence of climate change. Quantitatively, however, the amount of deep-water uptake was low due to the trees' reduction of sap flow during drought. Total water uptake largely followed surface soil water availability and trees switched back their uptake depth dynamically, from deep to shallow soils, following rainfall. Total transpiration fluxes were hence largely driven by precipitation input.

High proton conduction in Ba2LuAlO5 with highly oxygen-deficient layers

Proton conductors have found diverse applications, such as electrolytes in proton ceramic fuel cells, which require high ionic conductivity at low temperatures and high chemical stability. Here, we report the oxide, Ba2LuAlO5, which exhibits proton conductivities of 10−2 S cm−1 at 487 °C and 1.5 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 232 °C, high diffusivity and high chemical stability without chemical doping. Ba2LuAlO5 is a hexagonal perovskite-related oxide with highly oxygen-deficient hexagonal close-packed h′ layers, which enables a large amount of water uptake x = 0.50 in Ba2LuAlO5·x H2O. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations and neutron diffraction show the hydration in the h′ layer and proton migration mainly around cubic close-packed c layers existing at the interface of octahedral LuO6 layers. These results demonstrate that the high proton conduction allowed by the highly oxygen-deficient and cubic close-packed layers is a promising strategy for the development of high-performance proton conductors.

Cardiac Amyloidosis Imaging, Part 2: Quantification and Technical Considerations.

99mTc-pyrophosphate imaging has been around for a long time. In the 1970s, it was used to image recent myocardial infarction. However, it has recently been recognized for its value in detecting cardiac amyloidosis, leading to widespread use across the United States. Increased use led to considerable procedure variability. As the evidence base to support formal guidelines was being developed, experts from several professional medical societies issued imaging and interpretation recommendations titled "ASNC/AHA/ASE/EANM/HFSA/ISA/SCMR/SNMMI Expert Consensus Recommendations for Multimodality Imaging in Cardiac Amyloidosis: part 1 of 2-Evidence Base and Standardized Methods of Imaging." To reach a consensus on a protocol that would benefit the bulk of laboratories, the experts considered several parameters and radiotracer kinetics. The most critical parameters concerned injection-to-imaging delay and planar imaging versus SPECT. Accordingly, the standardized protocol recommends the injection of 370-740 MBq (10-20 mCi) of 99mTc-pyrophosphate with imaging 3 h later. Planar images of the chest are acquired in the anterior and lateral views accompanied by SPECT images. Both the planar and the SPECT images are used to semiquantitatively grade the degree of myocardial uptake compared with the amount of uptake in the ribs using a 0-3 scale. A grade of 2 or 3 on the SPECT images is considered positive for cardiac amyloidosis. The planar images are used to calculate a heart-to-contralateral-lung ratio. A ratio greater than 1.3 at 3 h helps to confirm the diagnosis of cardiac amyloid if the SPECT images have positive findings. This article is part of a 3-part series in this issue of the Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Part 1 details the etiology of cardiac amyloidosis and 99mTc-pyrophosphate imaging acquisition parameters. Part 2, this article, describes the procedure evolution over 50 y, image processing, and quantification. It further discusses radiotracer kinetics and 2 important technical considerations: injection-to-imaging delay and planar imaging versus SPECT. Part 3 covers study interpretation along with cardiac amyloidosis diagnosis and treatment.

Increasing Nitrogen Fertilizer Application Is a Feasible Strategy to Mitigate Rice Yield Reduction in Wet Year

Rice production is intimately related to water and nitrogen management, whereas rice yield inevitably decreases with extreme rainfall. Optimization of water and nitrogen management may mitigate the degree of rice yield reduction. Hence, we conducted a field experiment in a normal and wet year to investigate suitable water and nitrogen management that could reduce the risk of rice yield reduction. The field experiment comprised six water and nitrogen management methods, which included two irrigation methods (CF: continuous flooding; AWD: alternating wet and dry) and three nitrogen fertilizer levels (N0, N90, and N180: 0, 90, and 180 kg N ha−1, respectively). The results showed an average yield reduction of 23.5% in the wet year compared to normal year. The nitrogen rate of N0, N90, and N180 resulted in a 36.9%, 24.8%, and 11.0% of yield reduction in the wet year, which presented a decrease in yield reduction with the increase in nitrogen rate. Panicle contributed over almost 60% and 75% on average to biomass and total nitrogen uptake, but both the total amount and proportion of nitrogen uptake in panicle showed a decrease in the wet year. In addition, the rice yield showed a significant positive correlation with nitrogen uptake both in the normal and wet year. Therefore, in the wet year, the decrease in nitrogen uptake in panicle results in a yield reduction. With the increase in nitrogen rate, the nitrogen internal use efficiency (IEN) was significantly decreased in the normal year, while it increased in the wet year, and the nitrogen recovery use efficiency (REN) and nitrogen harvest index (HIN) were not affected by nitrogen rate. Therefore, these results suggested that increased nitrogen rate in a wet year could improve rice nitrogen uptake to reduce the risk of yield reduction and maintain the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE).

Influence of the Inclusion of Propylene Carbonate Electrolyte Solvent on the Microstructure and Thermal and Mechanical Stability of Poly(l-lactic acid) and Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) Battery Separator Membranes.

The influence of the inclusion of the organic solvent propylene carbonate (PC) in microporous membranes based on poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) P(VDF-HFP) has been studied based on its relevance for the application of those separator membranes in lithium-ion batteries. The membranes have been produced through solvent casting and characterized with respect to the swelling ratio originated by the uptake of the organic solvent. The organic solvent uptake affects the porous microstructure and crystalline phase of both membrane types. The organic solvent uptake amount affects the crystal size of the membranes as a consequence of the interaction between the solvent and the polymer, since the presence of the solvent modifies the melting process of the polymer crystals due to a freezing temperature depression effect. It is also shown that the organic solvent partially penetrates into the amorphous phase of the polymer, leading to a mechanical plasticizing effect. Thus, the interaction between the organic solvent and the porous membrane is essential to properly tailor membrane properties, which in turn will affect lithium-ion battery performance.

Community Structure and Carbon Content of Mangroves in the Tanjung Batu Sekotong Area in the Middle of West Lombok

The purpose of this research was to determine the community structure and the amount of carbon content and mangrove uptake in the Tanjung Batu Sekotong area, Central Lombok, West Lombok. This type of research is descriptive research. This research was conducted in the Tanjung Batu Sekotong area, Central Lombok, West Lombok. The variables observed were individual mangrove species, mangrove height and trunk diameter at breast height. Then the data obtained were analyzed for density, frequency, cover area, important value index, diversity index, biomass and carbon content. Collecting data on mangrove plant communities used a combined method, namely line and square transects. The research results obtained found 6 species, namely Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora Apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, and Sonneratia alba. Carbon content and carbon absorption of mangroves in the Tanjung Batu Sekotong Tengah Region, West Lombok. The total carbon content of the tree category is 34.4246 tons C/ha, an average of 5.7374 tons C/ha and the sapling category with a total of 14.4312 tons C/ha, an average of 4.1232 tons C/ha. Mangrove carbon uptake in the tree category with a total of 126.3381 tons C/ha, an average of 21.0564 tons C/ha and mangrove absorption in the sapling category with a total of 52.9625 tons C/ha, an average of 8.8271 tons C/ha.

Linking stem rehydration kinetics to hydraulic traits using a novel method and mechanistic model.

Despite the recognized importance of hydraulic capacitance as a mechanism used by plants to maintain hydraulic functioning during high transpiration, characterizing the dynamics of capacitance remains a challenge. We used a novel 'two-balance method' to investigate relationships between stem rehydration kinetics and other hydraulic traits in multiple tree species, and we developed a model to explore stem rehydration kinetics further. We found that: (1) rehydration time constants and the amount of water uptake occurring during rehydration differed significantly across species; (2) time constants did not change with declining water potential (Ψ), while water uptake increased at lower Ψ in some species; (3) longer time constants were associated with lower wood density, higher capacitance and less negative stem pressures causing 50 % loss of hydraulic conductivity (P50); (4) greater water uptake occurred in stems with lower wood density and less negative P50 values; and (5) the model could estimate the total hydraulic resistance of the rehydration path, which cannot be measured directly. Overall, the two-balance method can be used to examine rehydration dynamics quickly and thoroughly in detached woody stems. This method has the potential to improve our understanding of how capacitance functions across tree species, which is an often-overlooked component of whole-plant hydraulics.

Facilitating clathrate hydrates with extremely rapid and high gas uptake for chemical-free carbon capture and methane storage

Clathrate hydrates are crystalline solid compounds comprising water and gas with remarkable potential for energy storage and carbon capture because of their large gas storage capacity and ability to selectively capture certain species upon crystallization. However, their use in real life has been hindered by low gas uptake kinetics, primarily limited by mass transfer. While extensive efforts have been made to overcome this limitation using chemical additives, their kinetic effects are insufficient, and environmental problems are caused. Here, the highest CO2 and CH4 gas uptake kinetics ever reported in clathrate hydrates were achieved without any chemical additives or mechanical mixing. The CO2 gas uptake rate and amount far exceeded previous records by 55.3% and 21.6%, respectively. Such excellent kinetics were accomplished using a fixed-bed reactor filled with surface-modified silica sand, which can be easily produced by simple treatment. Raman analysis and morphological studies demonstrated that its hydrophobic surface significantly affects interfacial interactions with water, greatly enhancing mass transfer. This new method is energy-efficient and environment-friendly, not requiring mechanical mixing or chemical injection at all. Mechanistic understandings of hydrate formation with hydrophobic surfaces would be applicable to hydrate-based carbon capture, methane storage, and natural gas hydrate production systems.

Solar adoption and the decisive role of the feed-in tariff policy

Rooftop solar energy is a key piece of infrastructure in lowering carbon emissions. In this paper, we use survival analysis to study the effects of a feed-in tariff (FIT) policy on installation rates. We show that the option to resell domestic solar energy to the grid dramatically increases the total amount of home solar uptake and exponentially speeds up the adoption rate.

Spatially isolated magnetic-mesoporous units in one anisotropic Janus nanoparticle for rapid and selective extraction of uranium

Iron oxide with superparamagnetic property and mesoporous silica with large surface areas are both important to design multifunctional sorbents, and magnetic-mesoporous nanoparticles of asymmetric morphology may make full use of their advantages. To address this, spatially isolated magnetic-mesoporous units in one anisotropic Janus nanoparticle with abundant amidoxime (AO) groups (AO-Fe3O4@C&mSiO2) was synthesized for rapid and selective extraction of uranium. Chemically and structurally anisotropic AO-Fe3O4@C&mSiO2 was composed of one AO functionalized mesoporous silica nanorods and a carbon coated Fe3O4 nanoparticle, which displayed excellent surface area (139.9 m2 g−1) and saturation magnetization (28.79 emu g−1). Thus, AO-Fe3O4@C&mSiO2 showed fast adsorption kinetics for reaching adsorption equilibrium within 30 min, and then they were able to be collected in 3.0 s under an external magnetic field. The maximum and spontaneous adsorption capacity for uranyl ions was obtained by fitting thermodynamic data through Langmuir model at 298 K was 62.12 mg g−1, and AO-Fe3O4@C&mSiO2 achieved the highest uptake amount and removal rate of almost 100% towards uranium in the presence of competitive ions. Meanwhile, the results from ten regeneration cycles confirmed the high service lifetime of AO-Fe3O4@C&mSiO2. This work not only demonstrates a strategy for preparing multifunctional sorbents with anisotropic structure but also provides a method for selective uranium extraction.

Physical ageing effect on water uptake and adhesion of epoxy coatings by EIS and the blister test

In a previous work, it was shown that the physical ageing of organic coatings had a strong effect onto the water uptake process, leading to lower water uptake values at saturation. The service life of an organic coating can be related to the water content at saturation, that may induce corrosion of the substrate, but also to the adhesion that prevents direct contact between the substrate and the aggressive environment. In this work, the effect of physical ageing onto water uptake and adhesion of epoxy coatings onto aluminium is then investigated.A model epoxy coating (DGEBA/Jeffamine230) was applied onto aluminium panels and fully cured using adequate thermal cycles. Different amounts of physical ageing were created by controlling the cooling of the systems and measured thanks to modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC). The coated panels were then immersed in sodium chloride solution (30 g.L − 1) at different ageing temperatures. The water uptake was calculated using EIS thanks to the Brasher and Kingsbury relation and the diffusion coefficients were evaluated using the dual-Fick diffusion model.For different values of physical ageing and different amounts of water uptake, the adhesion was evaluated using the blister test method. The obtained results allow to discuss the effect of physical ageing onto the water uptake content and the adhesion of organic coatings.

Weather-driven synergistic water-economy-environment regulation of farmland ecosystems

Farmland ecosystems (FEs) constitute the most important source of food production, and water is one of the most important factors influencing FEs. The amount of water can affect the yield and thus the economic efficiency. Water migration can generate environmental effects through the migration of fertilizers. Interlinkages and constraints exist between the water, economy and environment, which require synergistic regulation. Meteorological elements influence the reference crop uptake amount and thus the water cycle processes and are key drivers of regulation at the water-economy-environment nexus. However, the weather-driven, synergistic water-economy-environment regulation of FEs has not been sufficiently researched. As such, this paper employed a dynamic Bayesian prediction of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and a quantitative characterization of the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents in agricultural crops and soils via field monitoring and indoor experimental analysis. Consequently, multiobjective optimization modeling was conducted to weigh the mutual trade-offs and constraints between water, the economy and the environment. The proposed method was verified via an example involving the modern agricultural high-tech demonstration park in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China. The results indicated that (1) the effect of meteorological factors gradually decreased over time, but the prediction results were very accurate, and the higher the delay order of the dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) was, the more accurate the predictions; (2) ETo was significantly driven by meteorological elements, and the most important meteorological factor influencing ETo throughout the year was average temperature. When the average temperature was reduced by 10.0 %, ETo was reduced by 1.4 %, the required amount of irrigation water was reduced by 4.9 %, and the economic benefits of a single cube of water increased by 6.3 %; (3) resource-economy-environment multidimensional synergy enabled a 12.8 % reduction in agricultural ecosystem pollutant emissions, while the economic benefits per unit of water increased by 8.2 % and the system synergy increased by 23.2 %.

The impact of the type of bacterial inoculant used and the application method on corn growth and yield (Zea Mays L.)

A study included the implementation of a field experiment using a randomized complete Block design at the Agricultural Research Station - College of Agriculture - University of Al-Muthanna, to evaluate the effect of using the immobilization inoculant technique as a biofertilizer compared to applying the bacterial inoculant in the traditional methods by carrying it on zeolite. The results showed the superiority of the immobilization inoculant, regardless of the type of bacterial inoculum on the process of carrying on zeolites in all traits corn growth parameters, as well as the overlap of T. thiolates + B. subtilis together over the bacterial inoculant for B. Subtilis. At the same time, it didn't differ significantly in most of the traits. The study of the dual bacterial inoculant B3M2 superior in plant height, dry weight, bio-yield, grain yield, uptake amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the shoots and the concentration of available phosphorus in the soil. Which is recorded at 227.33 Cm, 321.23 g plant-1, 171.44 g, 7.68 t ha-1, 89.21 (kg N ha-1), 21.92 (kg P ha-1), 171.82 (kg K ha-1), 29.6 (mg P ha-1) Sequentially, the same treatment also achieved 99.6% compared to the recommendation of the complete fertilizer in the grain yield. Keywords: Bacterial Inoculant, Growth, Yield, Corn (Zea Mays L.)