Upsurge In Popularity Research Articles

Where Did All the Protesters Go?

Among most intriguing-and least studied-paradoxes to have emerged in growing literature on transitions to democracy are those relating to significance of mobilization in recent transition processes. As O'Donnell and Schmitter (1986) point out, mass mobilizations (what they refer to as resurrection of civil society and subsequent popular upsurge) have played the crucial role of pushing transition further than it would otherwise have gone (p. 56), providing possibility for more complete transitions to political democracy. This appears to be true despite central role of sectors' and their representatives (the political left, workers' and peasants' organizations, and so on) in generating political instability that often ushered in authoritarian regimes in first place (O'Donnell, 1973; Cardoso and Faletto, 1979; Collier, 1979). These mobilizations are culmination of a process that actually begins with imposition of authoritarian rule and represents a shift in locus of political activity to nonparty arenas where it is more difficult to repress. New political experiences and new forms of organization and participation emerge as a result of repression that targets political parties, political elites, and leadership of most collective actors, particularly organized labor. Much of this alternative activity is concentrated among urban poor, who have shouldered much of burden of socioeconomic and political policies adopted by authoritarian regimes throughout region. Similarly, political parties not tied to authoritarian regime generally experience a weakening of their links to civil society, and it is often only in wake of

The Popular Upsurge in South Africa, 1984-1986

This paper examines the popular revolt in South Africa between 1984 and 1986. We survey the course of this revolt in different regions of South Africa. Special attention is given to the emergence during this period of a more powerful independent black trade union movement. We also consider the nature of the white minority regime and its response to the popular upsurge. Finally, we note the emergence of new forms of popular resistance that point toward a new stage in the struggle against apartheid.

Ultrasound diagnosis of Achilles tendon pathology in runners.

The great upsurge in popularity of running activities has increased the number of athletes presenting with pathology of the Achilles tendon. A clinical and ultrasonic study was performed on 47 middle and long distance runners referred to the Authors with such problems. The results of this study can be grouped as follows: 1. paratendonitis: enlargement of the antero-posterior diameter of the tendon, and hyperechogenicity of Kager's triangle; 2. tendonitis (with or without paratendonitis): thickening of the tendon, with the presence of degenerative nodules; 3. enthesopathy: thickening of the distal part of the tendon, enlargement of the hypoechogenic area behind the tendon itself and microcalcification.