Unusual Decisions Research Articles

Sciatic Nerve Transection Following Prosthetic Buttock Augmentation: First Reported Case and Review of the Literature

Abstract Gluteal augmentation is typically carried out by implant placement or autologous fat grafting. Over recent years, there has been a significant increase in the number of gluteal augmentations being performed. However, as the number of procedures has increased, so too have the number of complications. We present a case of a 33-year-old female with an implant infection with concomitant sciatic nerve transection following bilateral gluteal augmentation with implants leading to a permanent foot-drop. While transient sciatica due to compression has been described as a complication of gluteal augmentation, this is the first reported case, to our knowledge, of transection. The many unusual management decisions that had to be made when faced with this rare and devastating complication are highlighted and the relevant literature on gluteal augmentation is discussed. Patients and surgeons alike need to take particular care when considering this procedure.

Analysis of the most unusual court decisions in the world practice in terms of the right to justice

The relevance of the research is to identify ineffective methods of administration of justice in the world judicial practice to ensure the effectiveness of the judicial system in Ukraine. The purpose of the research is to identify and analyse the most unusual court cases in different countries from the Middle Ages to the present day to determine the level of public access to justice as a guarantee of the protection of human rights and ensure the rule of law and equality of all before the law and the court. The methods used to explore the subject include: the dialectical method, formalisation method, cognitive method, Aristotelian method, hermeneutical method, logical and legal method, systemic method, structural and functional method, axiomatic method, methods of induction and deduction, methods of analysis and synthesis. The research establishes how accessible justice and law were to people in different eras. The specific features of court proceedings in the Middle Ages are determined. The most unusual cases that have become known in many countries of the world, including the “Stella Case” and the “Cuckoo Case”, are examined; the essence of the “Stella Award” phenomenon is covered; some curious cases in Ukraine and other countries of the world are explored. The author analyses several court cases of ancient times and cases that have been considered in modern court practice. The most unusual curious court cases where the accused were not at all human, and animals and objects are explored and described. The author examines unusual court cases in Ukraine. The provisions enshrined in this work are of practical value primarily for judicial officers and persons seeking judicial protection.

ІНТЕГРОВАНИЙ КУРС «МИСТЕЦТВО» ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ РОЗВИТКУ КРИТИЧНОГО МИСЛЕННЯ ЗДОБУВАЧІВ ПОЧАТКОВОЇ ОСВІТИ

For more than ten years, modern psychology and pedagogy have preferred effective and original educational tools, the main purpose of which is to reveal the potential of modern art, the development of critical thinking that can be used in the study of various school subjects. Modern society, like life, is very demanding, it needs citizens who are able to think flexibly and dynamically, are able to navigate the variability of life, can make unusual decisions. Critical thinking of contemporary art is a jewelry tool for understanding the new educational paradigm focused on the adaptation of free communication in the world. Life proves that thanks to creativity, flexibility, the ability to generate new ideas, society will be easier to navigate in the most difficult times. How to prepare primary school students for life activities and fruitful work? Why should teachers and their students understand contemporary art? Scientific research (Kolotilo O.) proves that the main tasks of teaching an integrated course «art» are to reveal creative talents, stimulate artistic and figurative thinking, education of aesthetic taste of the individual in early school age and later independent life. In the process of a brief review of the history of modern art, the development of cultural values, the development of artistic and figurative thinking is formed on the basis of the idea of «beautiful». The demand for creative, intellectually developed people is very high.The classification of types of thinking has its origins in the works of Aristotle, who built the sphere of «speculation» and «pure reason» on a system of universal abstractions. Psychologists, in turn, consider several types of thinking: visual, concrete and abstract, intuitive and critical thinking. The scientific prism of intellectual and practical activity emphasizes the unity of thinking with the feelings of perception of the world around. Thanks to critical thinking, the child goes beyond sensory cognition. L. Masol, S. Zhupanin and F. Shchegel agree that the methodological basis for understanding the essence of the artistic image are the philosophical provisions of the theory of knowledge, interpret thinking as a holistic expression of human essence, where feelings and imagination provide diversity of implementation. Each of us is an artist, and creativity brings us great pleasure. In art, a person gets many opportunities to express their feelings and emotions. Creative talents in children are no longer perceived as internal uncontrolled processes. Creativity – a constant companion of child development, and in a broader sense – a necessary condition for existence. With the help of an integrated art course introduced by the New Ukrainian School, primary school students expand their knowledge of the ideas and features of contemporary art and develop skills to implement various components of contemporary art in their professional activities. Key words: critical thinking, creativity, subject learning, creativity, abilities, art, New Ukrainian School

An empirical study of data constraint implementations in Java

Software systems are designed according to guidelines and constraints defined by business rules. Some of these constraints define the allowable or required values for data handled by the systems. These data constraints usually originate from the problem domain (e.g., regulations), and developers must write code that enforces them. Understanding how data constraints are implemented is essential for testing, debugging, and software change. Unfortunately, there are no widely-accepted guidelines or best practices on how to implement data constraints. This paper presents an empirical study that investigates how data constraints are implemented in Java. We study the implementation of 187 data constraints extracted from the documentation of eight real-world Java software systems. First, we perform a qualitative analysis of the textual description of data constraints and identify four data constraint types. Second, we manually identify the implementations of these data constraints and reveal that they can be grouped into 31 implementation patterns. The analysis of these implementation patterns indicates that developers prefer a handful of patterns when implementing data constraints. We also found evidence suggesting that deviations from these patterns are associated with unusual implementation decisions or code smells. Third, we develop a tool-assisted protocol that allows us to identify 256 additional trace links for the data constraints implemented using the 13 most common patterns. We find that almost half of these data constraints have multiple enforcing statements, which are code clones of different types. Finally, a study with 16 professional developers indicates that the patterns we describe can be easily and accurately recognized in Java code.

Innovative human resource management strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic narrative review approach

BackgroundThe spread of COVID-19 creates disruption, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity in all organizations. People are the primary asset of any organization and help achieve their goals. Accordingly, to manage human resources sustainably, the organizational strategy review is an appropriate retort. ObjectiveThe purpose of this comprehensive review study is to identify unknown challenges, strategies, and unusual decisions related to human resource management other than clinical organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. MethodsThe study applied a narrative review approach dissection based on organizations' human resource management strategies to combat the COVID-19 impacts. In total, 797 records, until November 20, 2020, were extracted from these databases. Then, we updated our search to the first quarter of 2021, which included 484 records. After removing duplicates and reviewing articles according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 15 articles were used for the study. Finally, the study developed a conceptual framework of human resource management strategies based on the literature findings to fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. ResultsThe COVID-19 pandemic posed numerous adverse consequences, such as economic shock, global health crisis, change in social behaviors, and challenges at the organization level to continue business operations. Besides, the strategies included flexibility, strengthening internal efficiency, talent acquisition, and making innovative changes based on organizational assessment and needs for smooth business activities. ConclusionThe appropriate human resource management strategies implementations would increase employees’ mental well-being, satisfaction, productivity, motivation, and health safety at the workplace.

New Meaningful Effects in Modern Capital Structure Theory

Paper is devoted to describe the new meaningful effects in capital structure theory, discovered within modern theory of capital cost and capital structure, created by Brusov, Filatova and Orekhova (BFO theory). These qualitatively new effects are present in general version of BFO theory and absent in its perpetuity limit (Modigliani – Miller theory). BFO theory has changed some main existing principles of financial management. Discovered effects modify our understanding of financial management and dictate some unusual managerial decisions.

Revenda de Automóveis: Uma Atividade de Uso Intensivo de Capital

O caso de ensino trata de alguns aspectos de gestão financeira de uma revenda de automóveis. Conta a história do surgimento de algumas revendas e traz informações de como suas necessidades de capital mudaram nos últimos 50 anos. O caso trata de elementos de empreendedorismo e de gestão financeira, principalmente quanto à obtenção de capital e a investimentos. Os dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas com as três gerações de sócios-dirigentes do grupo empresarial enfocado e com a observação direta em suas dependências. As informações do texto são reais, com exceção dos dados financeiros, assim como dos nomes dos dirigentes e das empresas. Os valores das demonstrações financeiras e aqueles apresentados no texto foram alterados como reforço de proteção da identidade da empresa e de seus dirigentes. A alteração ocorreu com a aplicação do mesmo porcentual de ajuste a todos os números, mantendo-se assim a proporcionalidade das diferenças entre eles. Um aspecto de destaque é a separação que os sócios-dirigentes fazem de sua pessoa física da pessoa jurídica que possuem, o que ocorre associado a decisões financeiras pouco usuais em empresas privadas brasileiras, em especial quanto a emprestar dinheiro para a empresa ao invés de integralizar capital.

Moral judgment in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy

PurposeThe aim of the current study was to investigate morality while also investigating frontal lobe function with the goal of studying the relationship between frontal lobe and morality in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. MethodA total of 23 right-handed patients with IGE and 25 right-handed healthy participants agreed to participate. Participants made judgments on a series of 50 hypothetical scenarios, which were adapted from a previously published set. The Stroop Test, verbal fluency, Digit Span tests and Wisconsin Card-Sorting Test were used to assess the frontal lobe function. ResultsIGE patients with impaired frontal lobe function choosed more utilitarian options than healthy controls in impersonal dilemmas but not in personal dilemmas. The performance of impersonal judgments were correlated positively with total errors positively and correlated negatively with categories completed. ConclusionsIGE patients with impaired frontal lobe function possessed unusual impersonal moral decision-making and those decisions may be caused more by cognitive impairment than by social-emotional impairment. Correlation analysis indicated that the unusual moral decisions correlated with frontal lobe dysfunction in patients with IGE.

За някои топоси, свързани с женските роли, в текста на книга Царства

The article focuses on the Slavonic translation of several topoi connected with the understanding of female roles in the Old Testament books of Samuel I and II. For the purposes of the comparison the main manuscript (the Chronograph of the Archives) was confronted with another seven Slavonic manuscripts, containing the aforementioned biblical books, with the respective excerpts in the Slavonic Version of the Chronicle of George Synkellos, the Ostrog Bible, as well as with the Septuagint and the Vulgate. On the basis of the collected material the article explores the unusual metaphrastic decisions of the Old Bulgarian translator.

Cognitive control and unusual decisions about beauty: an fMRI study.

Studies of visual esthetic preference have shown that people without art training generally prefer representational paintings to abstract paintings. This, however, is not always the case: preferences can sometimes go against this usual tendency. We aimed to explore this issue, investigating the relationship between “unusual responses” and reaction time in an esthetic appreciation task. Results of a behavioral experiment confirmed the trend for laypeople to consider as beautiful mostly representational stimuli and as not beautiful mostly abstract ones (“usual response”). Furthermore, when participants gave unusual responses, they needed longer time, especially when considering abstract stimuli as beautiful. We interpreted this longer time as greater involvement of cognitive mastering and evaluation processes during the unusual responses. Results of an fMRI experiment indicated that the anterior cingulate (ACC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and insula were the main structures involved in this effect. We discuss the possible role of these areas in an esthetic appreciation task.

Contextual View-based Access Control Model for Spatial Data on Web

ABSTRACT The proliferation of geographical information services on the Web is creating unprecedented opportunities for the shared use of spatial data. As a result, the spatial data may be subjected to various security risks where, it may be displayed to or modified by illegitimate users. Therefore, there is an increasing need to control access to spatial data on the Web. Geographic information services almost deal with critical applications such as health applications in which many critical situations need to be handled by unusual decisions, so the controlled access to spatial data must be tolerant to handle any critical situations. In this paper, a contextual access control model is proposed. The goal is, providing a fine grained access control to spatial data on the Web and granting contextual permissions to authorized users to handle any critical situation that they may face. An architectural framework for enclosing the proposed model is developed. Finally, a case study is applied to prove the proposed model feasibility and effectiveness.

Building a drug file for a clinical information management system: Grand designs or room to improve?

IntroductionThe advantages of electronic prescribing systems are well recognised offering superiority over paper-based systems in terms of legibility, dose calculation, assignment of dose limits, and report generation. Such systems do...

Outlier detection for patient monitoring and alerting

We develop and evaluate a data-driven approach for detecting unusual (anomalous) patient-management decisions using past patient cases stored in electronic health records (EHRs). Our hypothesis is that a patient-management decision that is unusual with respect to past patient care may be due to an error and that it is worthwhile to generate an alert if such a decision is encountered. We evaluate this hypothesis using data obtained from EHRs of 4486 post-cardiac surgical patients and a subset of 222 alerts generated from the data. We base the evaluation on the opinions of a panel of experts. The results of the study support our hypothesis that the outlier-based alerting can lead to promising true alert rates. We observed true alert rates that ranged from 25% to 66% for a variety of patient-management actions, with 66% corresponding to the strongest outliers.

Conditional Anomaly Detection with Soft Harmonic Functions.

In this paper, we consider the problem of conditional anomaly detection that aims to identify data instances with an unusual response or a class label. We develop a new non-parametric approach for conditional anomaly detection based on the soft harmonic solution, with which we estimate the confidence of the label to detect anomalous mislabeling. We further regularize the solution to avoid the detection of isolated examples and examples on the boundary of the distribution support. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed method on several synthetic and UCI ML datasets in detecting unusual labels when compared to several baseline approaches. We also evaluate the performance of our method on a real-world electronic health record dataset where we seek to identify unusual patient-management decisions.

A especificidade dos novos direitos na multiplicidade de suas referências

The specificity of the new rights is the finalistic program form. Differently of the conditional programs, the finalistic open theselectivity of the legal decisions for the uncertainty of the future (risk). The new rights also produce unusual decisions for the mass media systems and for the public politics of the Welfare State. This knowledge opening of the new rights then provokes a hard indetermination in the legal decisions, that only can be reestablished through the reciprocal isolation of the new rights in legal discipline with proper principles, proper rules and proper frameworks. A disciplinary fragmentation that continues being the result of legal operations.

Clean sweep in the Ukraine

Professor of Television Journalism at City University in London and an adviser to a number of broadcasters, Purvis reports from the Ukraine on its parliamentary election in March - the first time the country's media had been able to cover a poll in a relatively free way. "He writes: We considered testing for corruption by hiring people to offer money to the agencies who claimed to be able to influence the news, but rejected the idea and relied instead on monitoring output for unusual editorial decisions. Meanwhile, all sorts of odd things were going on in the area of political advertising, for which thankfully 1+1 [the station he was advising] had no responsibility. One party attacked another on air by inserting frames of a skull into the footage every few seconds. The Communist party's advertisement showed pictures of Latin American dancers and the slogan, 'It's Cool to be Communist'."

Human Factors Questionnaire measurement of engineer decision frequency

The University of Virginia Center for Rail Safety-Critical Excellence (CRSCE) has developed a questionnaire for measuring railroad engineers’ beliefs regarding the frequency of unusual action decisions based upon scenarios encountered during a daily work schedule. The questionnaire is designed to collect responses via a secure web-based interface. Scenarios describe railroad conditions such as work zones, temporary speed restricted zones, control point signal aspects, and emergency braking. Engineers are given the correct response according to rulebook regulations. Given these conditions, engineers are asked to rate the frequency of unusual action decisions of a hypothetical crew, based upon performance-shaping factors of fatigue, broad and specific experience, training, and attention. Engineers respond to categories of Never, Once in 50 years, Once in 20 years, Once in 5 years, Once in a year, Once in a month, or Regularly. Psychometric analyses include the estimation of probabilities of an action, given the scenario conditions and behavioural shaping factors. Item characteristics relating scenario-action rarity, and engineer response characteristics related to background experience, training, and work satisfaction are specified in the study design. Results will indicate the relative importance of work conditions and performance conditions towards predicting unusual action frequency so that railroad transportation safety and human decision-making is better understood.

The Making of "The Legal Process"

In one of most unusual decisions in history of publishing, Foundation Press is printing I958 tentative edition of Henry M. Hart, Jr. and Albert M. Sacks's teaching materials on The Legal Process: Basic Problems in Making and Application of Law. 1 Although The Legal Process remains unfinished to this day, it provided agenda, much of analytic structure, and even name of legal process of I950S and ig6os.2 One need not embrace proposition that The Legal Process is the most influential book not produced in movable type since Gutenberg3 to agree that these are unusually important teaching materials whose influence extends well beyond students who studied them in a law school course. Despite their fame, The Legal Process materials presented us (the current editors) with several mysteries: How original were they? Why were materials never published in authors' lifetimes? How did these unpublished materials gain stature they enjoy today? This Commentary provides both background and our own informed speculation about answers to these questions. We maintain that The Legal Process was a splendid synthesis of public law themes that had become prominent before World War II. Although world view and assumptions of materials were sharply questioned by next generation, The Legal Process and its philosophy made a come-