Unstructured Observation Research Articles

Forms and conversions of the economic capital of Croatian entrepreneurs in the computer programming industry with insights into variations of the company's development stages

The paper examines traditional knowledge about the role of financial and physicalresources in entrepreneurship. Based on Bourdieu's theory, we search for an answer tothe question of which forms of economic capital are used by Croatian entrepreneurs inthe computer programming industry and what their value in the context of accessingother forms of capital is. The study is based on a qualitative methodological approach.In-depth interview technique accompanied by unstructured observations was used indata collection. In addition to primary data, research includes the use of qualitative andquantitative secondary data. Research suggests that in the computer programmingindustry, economic capital is just one tool in the conversion game of entrepreneurialcapital. Moreover, the interviewed entrepreneurs attach the least importance to it inbusiness, favoring the value of intangible resources such as specialized knowledge,business connections and personal acquaintances. The company's start-up phase ischaracterized by the entrepreneur's reliance on personal savings, which is replaced byfinancing based on retained earnings in the later stages of business. Other forms ofgrowth financing, such as bank loans and recapitalization of external investors, are usedby a minority of larger companies, with a good base of symbolic capital. The results oncapital conversions indicate relatively easy conversion of economic capital into culturalcapital and symbolic capital, and less frequent use of economic capital to create socialcapital. Fresh insights into the entrepreneurs' perceptions provided by the study expandexisting knowledge about entrepreneurship within the computer programming industry,suggesting that it is an industry with huge potential for young talents without a personalfinancial base that is commonly considered a precondition for enteringentrepreneurship.

The Shifting of Special Education Orthodoxy in Implementing Inclusive Education Policies in Indonesia

This study aims to portray the implementation of inclusive education policies organized by two different educational institutions for students with disabilities, namely Special School Angkasa Lambeyan and Primary School Bintang Poncol in Magetan Jawa Timur. A qualitative multiple case study was selected as the research method by involving school principals, support teachers, and student guardians as participants. Data were collected through unstructured interviews, observation, and analysis of policy documents implemented by the two schools. All data collected from the two cases were analyzed using an explanation technique and the credibility of the data was guaranteed through method triangulation techniques. The results of this study showed that the implementation of inclusive education policies in each school positively impacts the ability of students with disabilities to obtain an equal education. The readiness of those schools to implement inclusive education programs is also reflected in this study. Communication, interaction, and collaboration between local governments and educational institutions need to be improved to guarantee and realize accessibility for inclusive education.

Green Academia: Integrating Islamic Teachings in Education for a Sustainable Future

Environmental discourses in the twenty-first century actively engage with religious discourses, consciously attempting to bring religious texts as the centre of attention to suggest viable solutions for countering the current ecological crisis. Islam, too, offers an insight to assert that nature is a creation of Allah and, therefore, a constant reminder of His Will and Glory. Drawing references from the Qur’ān and the Ḥadīth, this paper aims first to establish that Islamic value systems are pro-eco-conservative in principle—I draw from Islamic philosophy, namely, the Unity of Being (Tawhīd), Trusteeship (Khalifa) and Accountability (Akhirah), mentioned in Al-Qur’ān to form the theoretical framework for my study. Secondly, a qualitative analysis of the primary data collected using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. Primary data was collected from unstructured group interviews and observation of the researcher with a sample size of fifty students from Madrasah Education (Kolkata, India) and fifty students of English medium schools in Kolkata, respectively, to assess the participants' attitudes and practices, and how it aligns with the eco-conservative practices by posing open-ended questions. The study aims to ascertain if education systems with a religious background could contribute to developing eco-conservative practices and awareness. The study suggested that considering religious teachings in environmental education can naturally foster eco-ethical practices. This study comprises a particular region, and since it included a small sample size, generalization of the result is not possible.

Optimisation of an Electronic Call Light System in an Austrian Hospital. Phase I: Current State Analysis

Electronic call light systems provide important information and coordination instruments for patient care in the clinical setting. Subjective impressions and impacts on communication and work processes of nursing staff can contribute to a sustainable optimisation of concepts. Studies have not yet been conducted on this topic in Austria. The main objective was to assess subjective attitudes and perceptions as well as emotional reactions of nurses towards an existing call light system. Connections with skill and grade mix should be demonstrated in order to comprehensively record the effects on nursing communication, work processes and financial impact in everyday ward life. For this study a mixed-methods approach was used. The present study was conducted in an Austrian hospital. Nurses for interviews were recruited by using information leaflets. The ward for the open unstructured participant observation was chosen by the nursing director. Inclusion criteria for the interviews refer to the willingness of nurses to participate in the study on a voluntary basis and a good knowledge of German or English. A total of seven short interviews with nurses and 129 observational units were conducted. None of the nurses dropped out. Ward- and staff-related key figures/characteristics were provided by the nursing management. Emotional reactions of nurses and time measurements (distance covered, duration of activity after activation of a call light) were recorded during observations. Subjective impressions were obtained by using structured short interviews. The study took place between June and August 2020. Data analysis of the interviews was carried out by using MAXQDA®. Results of the observations were transferred to excel spreadsheets and analysed in accordance with legal requirements in Austria. Structural, technical, and financial backlogs can be identified from the results. The existing call light system concept has proven to have a negative impact on the quality of care, job satisfaction of nursing staff, and hospital financing. In future, further studies are needed to provide a more detailed analysis of the individual findings. This also implies integrating nursing managers and patients as target groups.

Early Childhood Education Management: A Study on Effectual in Village Institutions of West Bengal, India

The objective of this study is to discuss some methods that can be helpful for the development of Montessori as well as the Kindergarten Approach to Education. Our research work is based on an unstructured questionnaire and observation method. To imply adequate qualitative and quantitative data, we searched the goals and objectives of Kindergarten and Montessori education policy from local concerned institutions of West Bengal in India. Our field study was conducted on some villages of Midnapore and South 24 Parganas District of Bengal. Early childhood is a stage that requires an overall holistic development model. These two approaches deal with that, but there are some methods related to language and communication that can easily develop the quality of the approaches above. It is shown with projected lesson plans and timetable management. This study explores and discusses such methods and points out how these methods can bring changes to those approaches. This paper also inputs the Indian state education policy about it.

Kaedah Menterjemah Unsur Alam Semulajadi Menjadi Karya Seni Dua Dimensi Dalam Projek Reka Bentuk Seni Bina Tahun Satu di UKM

The Architecture Design Course 1 (KKSB1116) is the main subject course for the Bachelor of Architecture Science (BSc Arch) program at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). This course is offered in the first semester of year one and it is fundamental to the process of producing architectural design. The application of an experimental learning style is one of the ways to build awareness, knowledge and skills in the design learning process. This paper investigates the experiential learning style applied in the project of translating elements of nature into a self-portrait artwork using basic principles of design which are the lines and basic shapes of geometry. In this project, students were exposed to various learning methods such as experiential trip in nature, the use of sketch method in the form of mind map and the workshop environment. The research methodologies used are the combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches, where qualitative (in-depth interview and unstructured observation) is the main method. The findings showed that the students successfully translated objects from the elements of nature into the design project. It can be seen through a sketch of a graphic mind map and the production of a two-dimensional artwork design that highlights the basic principles of geometric design from a multidirectional combination of line sketches. This method of learning can be the benchmark for first year (basic) architectural education program especially for a bachelor of sciences level. The study suggests how the concept of the mind map approach and skills of workshop can be developed for the following year that is adapted to the program complexity.

Efficient deep data assimilation with sparse observations and time-varying sensors

Variational Data Assimilation (DA) has been broadly used in engineering problems for field reconstruction and prediction by performing a weighted combination of multiple sources of noisy data. In recent years, the integration of deep learning (DL) techniques in DA has shown promise in improving the efficiency and accuracy in high-dimensional dynamical systems. Nevertheless, existing deep DA approaches face difficulties in dealing with unstructured observation data, especially when the placement and number of sensors are dynamic over time. We introduce a novel variational DA scheme, named Voronoi-tessellation Inverse operator for VariatIonal Data assimilation (VIVID), that incorporates a DL inverse operator into the assimilation objective function. By leveraging the capabilities of the Voronoi-tessellation and convolutional neural networks, VIVID is adept at handling sparse, unstructured, and time-varying sensor data. Furthermore, the incorporation of the DL inverse operator establishes a direct link between observation and state space, leading to a reduction in the number of minimization steps required for DA. Additionally, VIVID can be seamlessly integrated with Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to develop an end-to-end reduced-order DA scheme, which can further expedite field reconstruction. Numerical experiments in a fluid dynamics system demonstrate that VIVID can significantly outperform existing DA and DL algorithms. The robustness of VIVID is also accessed through the application of various levels of prior error, the utilization of varying numbers of sensors, and the misspecification of error covariance in DA.

Trends and critical points of Aspergillus contamination along Ethiopian chili postharvest value chain

BackgroundChili is the most commonly grown spice in Ethiopia and is a high-value crop for household consumption and sale both at domestic and export markets. However, an unsafe level of fungal toxins is becoming a problem leading to challenges in exporting. This study assessed trends, possible points of Aspergillus contamination, and contamination risk factors along the Ethiopian chili postharvest value chain (PVC).MethodsChili handling practices, value chain actors, and their respective roles were investigated along the PVC through an exploratory type of research, a participant unstructured observation. A total of 214 individual sample units composed of multiple subsamples consisting of aseptically picked matured red pods (PiPP), dried red pods (DPP), crushed chili (CP), unpacked (UpPPo), and packed chili powder (PaPPo) were randomly collected along the PVC from different major chili growing localities of Ethiopia during 2017/2018 main cropping season. Individual sample units were further homogenized into a fine powder and composited. Aspergillus was analyzed using Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus agar medium. To monitor Aspergillus contamination, trend analysis was done using the mean of count data and biological inference was made in association with stages of operations and postharvest handling practices.ResultsAspergillus was detected in 44% of PiPP, all (100%) of DPP, CP, UpPPo, and PaPPo. Counts were in the range of 5.00 × 103 to 2.10 × 105 CFU g−1 up along the PVC with fold changes of 19.6, 30, 42, and 38-fold in DPP, CP, UpPPo, and PaPPo, respectively. Nigri (99%), Flavi (85%), and Circumdati (56%) were the most detected sections with relative densities of 50, 29, and 14%, respectively. Postharvest handling practices such as harvesting, sun-drying, and transporting were generally found poor and unhygienic.ConclusionsCounts of Aspergillus showed gradually increasing trends up along the PVC. The poor and unhygienic handling practices probably contributed to the contamination. Harvesting and direct open sun-drying were likely initial and critical points of contamination while wetting and tight stacking likely contributed to aggravated growth and proliferation of aspergilli leading to further consecutive buildup. Intervention at these stages would make a significant difference.

Science Teaching Materials Based on Field Trips with Local Wisdom to Improve Elementary School Students' Critical Thinking

Objective: Education is the most essential thing in the life of a human being. Components supporting its implementation are needed to realize the quality of education. Cultivating critical thinking character education is urgently required in the era of globalization. Field trip teaching materials with local wisdom can be an attractive alternative. This study aims to develop science teaching materials based on field trips with local wisdom to improve elementary school students in critical thinking skills. Method: This research method uses research and development, Borg and Gall. Data collection techniques used unstructured interviews, observation, assessment tests, and non-tes. At the same time, data analysis uses quantitative data and descriptive elaboration. Results: The study showed the validity of teaching materials in this research with a percentage gain of 82.00% if converted to a valid category. In comparison, the practicality of implementing lesson plans obtained a percentage of 94.00%, and student activity obtained a percentage of 95.00% with an outstanding category. The effectiveness of science teaching materials showed pretest results with an average of 66.30, while the post-test data was 87.22. Novelty: This research shows a significant increase in the critical thinking skills of elementary school students through learning science teaching materials based on field trips with local wisdom. The update of this research is to implement field trip activities into teaching materials so that learning in cultivating critical thinking is exciting for students.

A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Inquiry: Risk and Protective Factors for the Left-Behind Children in Shaanxi Province, China, With Gender Comparison

ABSTRACT This research presents the lived experience of left-behind children living in Shaanxi province of China through the lens of resilience theory. A hermeneutic phenomenological inquiry is employed to identify inner and outer risk factors faced by left-behind children at the primary school level and explore their protective factors (internal assets and external resources). This study attempts to determine how these protective factors can moderate or reduce the repercussions of risk exposure on the children’s development. Unstructured observations, including on-site observations of the classroom, life, and interpersonal relationships, were conducted in 2018 and remote classroom observations were completed in 2020 due to the pandemic. There were 51 students (including 28 left-behind children) observed in total. Fourteen 9- to 13-year-old left-behind children, eight guardians, and six teachers participated in interviews. Remote pre-interview activities were specifically employed in 2020. The findings indicate this group’s internalized and externalized problems, and the internal assets and external resources. This study would potentially identify viable targets for interventions and socially inclusive education. Resilience-based interventions in policies and practices are recommended to intervene in the trajectory from risk exposure to associated negative effects.

Development and testing the feasibility of a sports-based mental health promotion intervention in Nepal: a protocol for a pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial

BackgroundMental wellbeing encompasses life satisfaction, social connectedness, agency and resilience. In adolescence, mental wellbeing reduces sexual health risk behaviours, substance use and violence; improves educational outcomes; and protects mental health in adulthood. Mental health promotion seeks to improve mental wellbeing and can include activities to engage participants in sport. However, few high-quality trials of mental health promotion interventions have been conducted with adolescents, especially in low- and middle-income countries. We sought to address this gap by testing SMART (Sports-based Mental heAlth pRomotion for adolescenTs) in a pilot cluster-randomised controlled trial (cRCT) in Bardiya, Nepal.MethodsThe objectives of the trial are to assess the acceptability and feasibility of SMART, test trial procedures, explore outcome distributions in intervention and control clusters and calculate the total annual cost of the intervention and unit cost per adolescent. The trial design is a parallel-group, two-arm superiority pilot cRCT with a 1:1 allocation ratio and two cross-sectional census surveys with adolescents aged 12–19, one pre-intervention (baseline) and one post-intervention (endline). The study area is four communities of approximately 1000 population (166 adolescents per community). Each community represents one cluster. SMART comprises twice weekly football, martial arts and dance coaching, open to all adolescents in the community, led by local sports coaches who have received psychosocial training. Sports melas (festivals) and theatre performances will raise community awareness about SMART, mental health and the benefits of sport. Adolescents in control clusters will participate in sport as usual. In baseline and endline surveys, we will measure mental wellbeing, self-esteem, self-efficacy, emotion regulation, social support, depression, anxiety and functional impairment. Using observation checklists, unstructured observation and attendance registers from coaching sessions, and minutes of meetings between coaches and supervisors, we will assess intervention fidelity, exposure and reach. In focus group discussions and interviews with coaches, teachers, caregivers and adolescents, we will explore intervention acceptability and mechanisms of change. Intervention costs will be captured from monthly project accounts, timesheets and discussions with staff members.DiscussionFindings will identify elements of the intervention and trial procedures requiring revision prior to a full cRCT to evaluate the effectiveness of SMART.Trial registrationISRCTN, ISRCTN15973986, registered on 6 September 2022; ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05394311, registered 27 May 2022.

Implementation of Adaptive Physical Education at the Inclusive Organizing School in Martapura District

This study aims to determine how far adaptive physical education is implemented in inclusive schools. This research uses descriptive qualitative research with a case study model. Collecting data using techniques The interview used is the unstructured interview and observation. The subjects of this study were school principals, adaptive physical education teachers and special mentor teachers (GPK), and children with special needs students. Data analysis used is data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results showed that the formulation of learning objectives was clear but not by conditions such as challenges in planning and implementing adaptive physical education programs, such as limited infrastructure and lack of teacher knowledge in accommodating the needs of students with special needs. This study suggests the need to improve the quality of syllabus programs and lesson plans to meet the needs of students with special needs and for teachers to receive special training in adaptive physical education. This study also recommends providing adequate infrastructure and facilities and promoting inclusive education.

DESAIN MODUL LAPORAN KEUANGAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR KOGNISI SISWA KELAS X PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI SMK MUHAMMADIYAH KOTA CIREBON

The research purpose is (1) to arrange or Design learning material of financial statement in a modul. (2) To know implementation process of financial statement module in learning process, and (3) To know improvement of student’s score on accounting subject, especially on financial statement. Subject of this report is accounting class X in SMK Muhammadiyah Cirebon school year 2018/2019 consist of 36 student.Technique of collecting data in this research in unstructured interview, observation, documentation, questionnaire , and test which is analysed by descriptive quantitative and qualitative method. The research result is (1) Designing financial statement module based on research design model 4D that modified into 3D. Define, students need learning materials that can improve their study result. Design, learning materials based on what student needed, it is a financial statement module. Develope, financial statement module that proper with notability average 3,94 through validation by the experts, revise as their criticism and a trial using on X accounting class. (2)Implementation of financial statement module STAD and allocation of 7 lesson hours for three times meeting. (3) Study result are improve significantly based on analysis and wilcoxon trial, average pretest 46,50 and posttest 80,54 with 34,04 improvement, and z= -5,232 sig. 0,000 < 0,05 that showed the improvement of study result between pretest into posttest.

IDENTIFIKASI TANTANGAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN DI SDN MITRA BAGI MAHASISWA PESERTA PROGRAM KAMPUS MENGAJAR CALON GURU IPA FKIP ULM

Learning activities have changed in Indonesia as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic. One of them is the SDN Mitra education program. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the difficulties in implementing the teaching campus program at SDN Mitra for prospective science educators at FKIP ULM. School administrators, teachers, education personnel, students, and the community at SDN Mitra were the research subjects. An autoethnographic qualitative research approach was used in this study. using unstructured interviews, observation, and documentation as data collection methods. This writing shows that (1) in learning class III, students have skills in teaching, including teaching styles in the classroom, the use of tools when teaching, interaction patterns in teaching, students' ability to arouse curiosity, students' ability to achieve learning objectives, giving questions or oral, giving praise for the results achieved by students. (2) There are 4 grade III students who have difficulties such as reading, writing, and calculating difficulties, (3) In the use of technology at SDN Mitra, there are 2 educators who are not good at using technology. This is due to the age factor so that the ability to use technology is reduced.

The physician's perspective on clinical assessment skills by nurses in psychiatry: A case study

The physician's perspective on clinical assessment skills by nurses in psychiatry: A case study Abstract: Background: People with a mental and physical illness receive less good somatic care compared to the general population. Patients in psychiatry receive better medical care when nurses have in-depth medical expertise. Therefore, in a psychiatric institution in Switzerland in 2017, the Clinical Assessment and Decision Making (CADM) by nurses was implemented. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate how physicians and senior psychologists experience the implementation of CADM by nurses in order to derive recommendations on how to optimize the collaboration and promote a sustainable establishment. Methods: An embedded single case study was used, and the data analysis was based on grounded theory strategies by Charmaz. Semi-structured expert interviews (n = 11) and open unstructured observations were conducted in a psychiatric institution in Switzerland. Results: The results showed nine relevant aspects regarding collaboration and CADM by nurses: "Strengths", "Weaknesses", "Risks", "Opportunities", "Expectations", "Challenges", "Benefits", "Competencies of CADM nurses" and "Wishes for the future". Conclusions: The physicians and senior psychologists considered the CADM by nurses as an added value for the interprofessional team and for the patients. Lack of clarity regarding the scope of responsibilities, role definitions and possible applications made the implementation of CADM difficult.

Development and Implementation of a Web-Based Citizen Data Management System for Village Administration: A Case Study of Keboan Anom Village, Sidoarjo, Indonesia

This research focuses on the development and implementation of a web-based citizen data management system in Keboan Anom Village, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. The aim of the study is to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of citizen data recording and management processes. The System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) Waterfall model is employed as the methodology for system development, ensuring an organized and systematic approach. Data collection involves semi-structured interviews and unstructured observations, targeting the village's RT 01 (neighborhood association) officials. The application features two key functions: citizen registration, including permanent and non-permanent residents, and a comprehensive data summary. Access to these functions is limited to the RT Secretary and the RT Chairman. The implementation of the system provides improved data management and financial tracking capabilities, enabling simplified reporting. The web-based platform ensures accessibility for RT officials and residents with internet connectivity. Black box testing confirms the functionality of the website and its compliance with expected outputs. The results demonstrate that the application supports the transformation of Keboan Anom Village into a more efficient and technologically connected Digital Village. Future research is suggested to examine community participation levels in using the citizen data management application and its impact on decision-making and overall village governance, incorporating participatory approaches to understand the perspectives and active involvement of Keboan Anom Village residents.
 Highlight:
 
 Efficient citizen data management: The development of a web-based application for citizen data management in Desa Keboan Anom enables efficient recording and documentation of resident information, improving data accuracy and accessibility.
 Technological transformation: The implementation of the web-based system contributes to the realization of a Digital Village concept, facilitating efficient and technology-connected administration in Desa Keboan Anom, Sidoarjo.
 Participatory approach: Future research should focus on evaluating community participation levels and the impact of the citizen data management application on decision-making and overall village governance, utilizing a participatory approach to gain insights and foster active involvement of Keboan Anom Village residents.
 
 Keyword:
 Keboan Anom Village, Citizen Data Management, Web-Based Application, Efficiency, Participatory Approach

Students' Readiness for the Study of Multimedia: The Case of UEW's Department of Graphic Design

The purpose of this study, which is based on a mixed-method design and descriptive analysis, is to examine the readiness of twenty-five students in multimedia, which is a key pathway in the study of Graphic Design at the University of Education in Winneba's Department of Graphic Design. The research will be conducted at the University of Education in Winneba's Department of Graphic Design. Students do not have access to the fundamental instruction or the resources that are necessary to complete their schoolwork or projects. As a result, the goal of this study was to investigate the effects of students' unprepared attitudes toward their inability to obtain tools for their studies in Multimedia as part of the Bachelor of Art in Graphic Design Programme at the University of Education, Winneba. This programme is offered at the University of Education, Winneba. To investigate how the current circumstances impact the teaching and learning of Multimedia as a primary area of study within the department, the researchers concentrated their efforts on two unique level groups. To collect data for this study through unstructured interviews and observations, a total of twenty-five students and five senior members of the organization were purposefully recruited. An analysis utilizing descriptive and narrative methods was performed on the primary data that was obtained. Students at the Department of Graphic Design who were majoring in Multimedia were unable to purchase the essential instruments, which meant that they were unable to properly acquire the knowledge and abilities necessary for their field of study. It was discovered that the percentage of pupils who lacked access to resources that may help them with their academics rose with each successive year group. This was the case for both public and private schools. The researchers have proposed, as a potential solution that the Department of Graphic Design at the University of Education, Winneba, in collaboration with a private business, sell high-end tools on credit, with a payment plan to be spread out throughout their studies through the use of a signed contract. This would be done to make the purchase more affordable for the students.

PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW GUNA MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA KELAS V MATERI PECAHAN

The research aims to improve student learning outcomes in the mathematics content of fractions. This research was conducted in class V SDNU Al-Istiqomah Rejodadi, which is one of the private schools in Gresik Regency. In this research using the Class Action Research (CAS) Kemmis and MC. Taggart Models by applying two research cycles. Each cycle is carried out once, with one action carried out in one meetings. The research subjects were students of class V SDNU Al-Istiqomah which consisted of fifteen students, with 8 male students and 7 female students. Data sources consisting of primary data and secondary data. The data collection techniques and instruments consist of unstructured interview, observations, documents and student test results. This research data analysis technique consists of qualitative and quantitative data. The results showed that the jigsaw type cooperative learning model can be improve student learning outcomes in mathematics content of the fractional material for class V SDNU Al-Istiqomah Rejodadi, Gresik Regency.

IMPLEMENTATION OF SELF-AWARENESS IN PROJECT MANAGER EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

PT Digital Desa Indonesia has a vision to maximize the potential of Indonesian villages through digital products, so it's critical for the businesses to manufacture high-quality goods and support the development of villages. Therefore, the fundamental indicator of a project's success in product development is a professional project manager. Through the incorporation of self-awareness into the project work processes, this service seeks to increase the emotional intelligence of project managers. Application of this program refers to the three phases of the project workflow, namely planning, implementation, and monitoring, and the job description for the position of Project Manager. Project managers have high emotional intelligence as a competency in human resource firm development as a result of applying self-awareness at program. Data were gathered through unstructured interviews and observations. Emotional intelligence is a requirement for project manager jobs to perform their duties and obligations. Self-awareness in particular needs to be grasped as a fundamental component.

Quail Rearing Practices and Potential for Avian Influenza Virus Transmission, Bangladesh.

In 2015, human influenza surveillance identified a human infection with A/H9N2 in Dhaka, Bangladesh with evidence of exposure to a sick quail. We conducted in-depth interviews with household quail caregivers, pet bird retail shop owners, and mobile vendors, key informant interviews with pet bird wholesale shop owners, one group discussion with pet bird retail shop workers and unstructured observations in households, pet bird wholesale and retail markets, and mobile bird vendor's travelling areas to explore quail rearing and selling practices among households, mobile vendors, and retail pet bird and wholesale bird markets in Dhaka. Every day, quail were supplied from 23 districts to two wholesale markets, and then sold to households and restaurants directly, or through bird shops and mobile vendors. All respondents (67) reported keeping quail with other birds in cages, feeding quail, cleaning feeding pots, removing quail faeces, slaughtering sick quail, and discarding dead quail. Children played with quail and assisted in slaughtering of quail. Most respondents (94%) reported rinsing hands with water only after slaughtering and disposing of wastes and dead quail. No personal protective equipment was used during any activities. Frequent unprotected contact with quail and their by-products potentially increased the risk of cross-species avian influenza virus transmission. Avian influenza surveillance in retail pet bird and wholesale bird markets, mobile vendors, and households may identify cases promptly and reduce the risk of virus transmission.