Unstable Power Supply Research Articles

Magnetic Levitation System Prototype Using Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control

Magnetic levitation is a phenomenon of levitation objects by using a magnetic field to defy gravity. Magnetic levitation is an interesting research topic widely used in industry or transportation such as magnetic levitation trains, conveyors, lifts, and many more. In general, magnetic levitation can be realized by regulating the current as a magnetic field source. However, due to the normally unstable power supply source, results in magnetic field instability. Therefore, a magnetic field control system is needed to stabilize the magnetic levitation system. In this study, a magnetic lifting system has been developed using the Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control method and hall effect sensor. The result shows that by using the PID controller, the magnetic object successfully floated stably at the reference point form 1.4 cm to 6.5 cm with an error ± 0.02 cm and overshoot 0.2 cm, if without using PID, oscillations occur with an error rate of ± 0.1 cm and overshoot of 0.6 cm.

The Application of Photovoltaic-Electric Spring Technology to Rural Power Grids

Rural power grids are essential for rural development, impacting the lives of farmers, the agricultural economy, and the overall efficiency of agricultural production. To ensure the reliable operation of these grids, finding ways to provide high-quality power is imperative. In recent years, the penetration rate of distributed photovoltaic (PV) in the distribution network has been increasing. When the output of PV and load are not matched, the voltage fluctuation of the network affects the safe and stable operation of the distribution network. In this study, we propose that the stable operation of rural power grids can be achieved by employing a photovoltaic-electric spring (PV-ES) device. A state space model of PV-ES is established and a single PV-ES voltage control method, based on a PI controller, is proposed, taking a rural user household with a monthly power consumption of about 120 access to distributed power supply as an example. We analyzed the device’s effectiveness in addressing voltage fluctuation issues as well as how light intensity impacts its effectiveness. The implementation of the PV-ES device solves the most significant problem faced by rural power grids, namely, the unstable power supply that occurs during peak electricity consumption periods. In addition, the PV-ES device ensures a high-quality electricity consumption experience for consumers.

Influence of displacement sensor runout on active magnetic bearing-rotor system and control analysis

In the active magnetic bearing (AMB)-rotor system, a displacement sensor is one of the indispensable components. It detects the displacement of the rotor in real time and feeds back to the control system to realize the stable suspension of the rotor. However, due to electromagnetic interference, unstable power supply, poor grounding, and uneven rotor surface, the signal runout of the displacement sensor can often occur, resulting in rotor vibration. Given the above problems, this paper establishes the control model of the AMB-rotor system, lists three typical sensor runout signals, then analyzes the influence of different types of sensor runout on the system, and discusses the control methods under different sensor runout conditions. The research results have a specific guiding significance for vibration control of the maglev rotor under sensor runout influence.

Implementation of flexible manufacturing systems in Africa: Multiple case studies in the Gambia and Ghana

In comparison to Europe, Asia, and America, the African manufacturing sector performs poorly. This is largely attributable in part to inadequate use of advanced manufacturing concepts and technologies, as well as the insufficiently skilled workforce. African manufacturing companies must adopt and implement advanced manufacturing technologies and concepts such as flexible manufacturing systems in order to boost growth and accelerate development in the sector. In this study, we conducted multi-case studies on the implementation of flexible manufacturing systems in the manufacturing sectors of two West African countries (The Gambia and Ghana). Six manufacturing companies from The Gambia and eight from Ghana were chosen. Many of the companies involved in the study are small businesses that specialize in mechanical parts/system production, welding, and fabrication. The findings revealed that the use of advanced manufacturing technologies and concepts, as well as the adoption of flexible manufacturing systems, is extremely low. The results also show that the major obstacles to the adoption and implementation of advanced manufacturing technologies are, cost and, lack of qualified personnel. Companies have agreed to adopt and implement advanced manufacturing technologies and concepts if the opportunity arises. They also require more information on some cutting-edge technologies before deciding whether to adopt and implement them. Some of the other major challenges faced by African manufacturing companies include, high energy costs and unstable power supply, poor transportation network, and, lack of adequate finance.

ASSESSMENT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES ADOPTION AMONG ACADEMIC STAFF OF AGRICULTURE IN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN KATSINA STATE, NIGERIA

The study examined the information and communication technologies adoption among academic staff of agriculture in tertiary institutions in Katsina State, Nigeria. The population of the study consisting of 122 academic staff teaching Agriculture in tertiary institutions in Katsina State and entire population was used for the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result reveals that 37.2% of the respondents were within age bracket of 41-50 years with a mean of 51 years. Majority (94.2%) of the lecturers were married and 44.5% of respondents had 1-5 in their household with a mean of 8 persons. More than half (53.2%) of respondents had a Bachelor Degree. The result further revealed that 43.4% of the lecturers had a teaching experience of 16-20 years with a mean of 15 years and 21.3% are assistant lecturers. The results further revealed that, GSM had high adoption level in the study with a mean of = 3.00, search engines = 2.94, E-mail = 2.84, computer = 2.91 and printer = 2.65. The regression analysis result reveals that age of the lecturers and teaching experience were positive and significant (P≤0.01), Household size and educational level were also positive and significant (P≤0.05). The major constraints that hinder adoption of ICTs in the study area were computer Illiteracy = 3.75, unstable power supply = 3.76, poor economic conditions of the academic staff = 3.56, changes in Government policies = 3.66, limited technical support from institution = 3.54, Internet and electronic insecurity = 3.64. The study concluded that, socio-economic characteristics of academic staff play a significant role on the adoption of ICT facilities for lecturing, research and records management in Tertiary Institutions in Katsina State. It is recommended that, there should be a policy of continuous training of academic staff on the use of modern ICTs for improved job performance and delivery, relevant government agencies should make effort at ensuring steady power supply to increase the effective use of ICT facilities by the academic staff in the study area.

Computerization of Library Services in University Libraries in Nigeria: A Case Study

The study examined the computerization of library services at the Federal University, Otuoke, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study's execution was directed by three research questions, and a descriptive survey approach was chosen. 56 library employees made up the study's population, but only professionals and paraprofessionals were selected using the judgmental sampling technique, resulting in a sample of 21. The questionnaire was used to collect data. Frequency counts, straightforward percentages, and means were used to examine the data. The results demonstrate that five of the university library's seven units were computerized and that this computerization has a favourable effect on the delivery of library services. Finally, the findings demonstrate that some of the significant obstacles to the effective use of the computerized library system in offering library services include an unstable power supply, a lack of funds, and slow Internet speed. Based on the findings, the researchers suggested that the university library should computerize the other two departments for better services. Additionally, the government ought to increase the nation's electrical supply and provide appropriate funding for education.

Soil Energy Harvester for Batteryless Wireless Sensor Network Node using Redox Method

The Wireless Sensor Network technologies has great advantage that provide us with cheap solution to deal with telecommunication infrastructure problem that don’t exist in extreme and isolated area. However, the biggest problem exist within wireless sensor network was WSN node limited power. In this paper we try to provide battery less power sources for Wireless Sensor Network Node using Redox method. Using 9 combinations of electrodes circuits, it can provide 6.53 volt and turn on Arduino Mini Pro microcontroller. However, the second it turns on Arduino Mini Pro the voltage drops to 1.73 Volts. Hence this energy harvester can provide power to the Arduino Mini Pro microcontroller with unstable power supply.

Threat of air pollution in the cleanest plateau

Threat of air pollution in the cleanest plateau

Research on Working Mode of Intelligent Terminal of Distribution Automation Based on Public Wireless Communication Network

Targeting the situation that the wireless communication terminal commonly exists in the pilot project of distribution automation has an unstable power supply under extreme conditions, this paper proposes a non-real-time online working mode that is different from the traditional real-time online working mode. The switching method of the two working modes was designed, and the comparison and analysis between the two working modes were performed in terms of the timeliness of event active reporting, communication flow, the impact on the processing mechanism of the master station system and the impact on the working duration of the power supply. The results show that the average power consumption of the wireless communication terminal under the non-real-time working mode is reduced from the watt level to the mill watt level, thus the power supply problem of the wireless communication terminal under extreme conditions is solved.

Prediction of Power Consumption Utilization in a Cloud Computing Data Centre using Kalman Filter parameters with Genetic Algorithm

Data Centre (DC) has become a critical computing infrastructure that is essential to modern society by providing services such as cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT) and big data. However, the cost of maintaining DC continues to rise as the demand for information technology services increase and this situation is further exacerbated in a country like Nigeria where there is highly unstable power supply from the national grid. The optimization of energy consumption in cloud computing DC using Genetic Algorithm (GA) to minimize the consumption of energy thereby extending network lifespan was one of the techniques used for optimization of power consumption. But the optimization was carried out with the assumption that all the parts of the modular server that are not carrying traffic is on idle mode and not completely off which consumes extra power compare to when it is completely off. Therefore, this work proposed optimization of power consumption utilization in a cloud computing DC using Kalman Filter (KF) with GA. Historical consumption trend and network traffic is analyzed to reduce the amount spent on power with assumption that servers in the DC operate as modular units which can be powered separately as required, in contrast to keeping entire servers always powered. Data from five different servers were collected from MTN Abuja DC in Nigeria. The servers were named BSC 13, BSC 14, BSC 15, RNC 05 and RNC 06. These consist of data recorded for two year - 5th January to 30th December 2019 as well as 5th January to 31st December 2020. The GA optimizer is used to obtain the best possible values for the Kalman Filter (KF) parameters. Then, the KF model is used to predict the future power consumption value on hourly basis for each day of the week. The proposed model gives low power consumption with accurate prediction when compared with the existing models.

E-Administration Usage for Service Delivery in Universities: Highlights of Selected Survey Findings

e-Administration, or electronic administration, is an Information and Communication Technology (ICT) tool that is aimed at improving performance and productivity at the workplace through the conversion of the traditional office, paper-based processes into electronic processes, to establish a paperless one. As a new and evolving mechanism, the e-Administration aids a seamless service-oriented and real-time information exchange between citizens and government, students and school authorities, etc. The study, therefore, focused on the utilisation of ICT in delivering services in universities. The review focused primarily on secondary data from journals, textbooks, and internet sources. Findings from the study indicate that most university students benefit more from the use of ICT in carrying out their academic activities and other personal endeavours. The study also adopted the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which stresses that when teachers and learners are given a modern and new technology like the ICT instruments, two (2) factors persuade their decisions on when and how they would use “Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use”. Findings from the study also indicate that e-Administration as it is used in universities has certain drawbacks ranging from poor connectivity, unstable power supply, and lack of skill/training amongst others. The study found that access to the internet is directly related/proportionate to students’ performance as students with access to quality internet performed better compared to others who had limited access. There were further pieces of evidence of the existence of ICT instruments since the early 2000s in many universities but mostly revolve around telephones and basic computer software such as Microsoft word, as well as other internet connectivity-based communication systems like e-mail. It is, therefore, necessary for governments and university administrations to come up with a policy that addresses the issues/challenges hampering the full utilisation of ICT in universities.

Device for reducing asymmetry

This article focuses on the development and analysis of a device designed to reduce voltage asymmetry in electrical systems. Voltage asymmetry can lead to negative consequences, such as equipment overloads, increased energy losses, and unstable power supply. The article discusses the fundamental principles of the device, its components, and control methods to achieve an optimal level of voltage symmetry. The presented research results emphasize the device’s effectiveness in improving the quality of power supply and ensuring the stable operation of electrical grids.

Perception of library advocacy and use of library information resources among distance learning students of University of Ibadan, Nigeria

Library information resources are very essential and instrumental to the academic performance of students who use them to their advantage. The value of any library is hinged on its resources and most importantly its level of usage. This is because the primary objective of every library is satisfy the information needs of its user community; and to achieve this, there is need for the library to create awareness for the library users about the resources and services available for use in the library. This study examined the perception of library advocacy and information resources use among distance learning students of University of Ibadan. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for this study. The population of this study consists of all the 8572 distance learning students of University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo state, Nigeria. Two stage random sampling technique was adopted for the study. At the first stage, 60% of the 19 departments on the distance learning programmed in the University of Ibadan was selected. The 60% of the 19 departments gives 11 departments. At the second stage, 4% sampling fraction was used to select the sample size of 256 from the 11 departments. A self-structured questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection. Findings from the study revealed that the main perception of students about library advocacy is that it will create room for library development(x=3.50). The study indicated books 217(98.6%) as the main type of library information resources used by distance learning students. The study also revealed the following as purposes for use of library information resources: group work (x=3.25), research work (x=3.21), examination preparation x(=3.16), update knowledge and supplement personal reading (x=3.14), entertainment (x=3.02), information communication technology trends (x=3.00), learn difficult or challenging subjects (x=2.99), and personal tutorials” (x=2.99). The study identified insufficient ICT facilities, inadequacy of current LIR, unstable power supply, inadequate reading facilities, poor internet connectivity, noise from fellow students, inadequate library personnel, amongst others, as constraints to the use of library information resources by the students. The study also showed that there is a significant relationship between students perception of library advocacy and use of library information resources (r=.421, n=220, p (.000)<.05). Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that since library advocacy brings about development of the library and increases the level of use of the information resources in the library, there should be a properly planned and regular advocacy for the library.

Perceived impact of digital health technology on health professionals and their work: A qualitative study in Southern Ghana

Background Digital health technology (DHT) has become an essential part of an effective and efficient healthcare information system. Although DHT promises great potential it does not always meet the expectation of users. Often, in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), the implemented DHT does not function as intended and impacts negatively on health professionals and their work. Therefore, this study explored the views of participants about the impact of DHTs on the work of health professionals after it has been introduced in Ghana. Methodology The study used a qualitative research approach where in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted with study participants across three health facilities in Ghana. A purposive sampling technique was used to select participants. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded into themes using QSR Nvivo 12 software before thematic content analysis. Results Our findings revealed that DHT reduced the workload on the healthcare providers and also ensures continuity of care. Participants perceived that DHT was fast, and ensures quality and accurate information, which could be easily accessed by health professionals for better decision making. However, poor internet connectivity and erratic power supplies were reported as the main impediments causing delays and frustrations to the staff at the study health facilities. Conclusion The study found that DHT has a positive effect on the work of health professionals. However, poor internet connectivity and unstable power supply caused delays in the provision of care and disruptions in the work process affecting the smooth operation of the DHT and threatening to erode the potential benefits to the health system and users.

Reliable and Efficient Parallel Checkpointing Framework for Nonvolatile Processor With Concurrent Peripherals

Intermittent systems powered by ambient energy harvesting are becoming popular for the benefits of an infinite lifetime and minimum maintenance requirements. Nonvolatile processors (NVPs) enable continual task executions under an unstable power supply with an efficient reactive checkpointing strategy. However, recovering concurrent peripherals in an intermittent system may incur significant overhead once power failures take place, and the recovery of interrupts also lacks discussion in existing works. Noticing the different optimization directions between responsive checkpointing within NVPs and proactive checkpointing required to recover concurrent peripherals, this paper proposes REMARK, an NVP architecture enabling hybrid checkpointing and efficient peripheral recovery. REMARK expands the current NVP structure with a hybrid backup/restore module, a peripheral handler and an interrupt handler, which addresses the recovery problem of both peripherals and interrupts efficiently. A REMARK chip is fabricated to verify the proposed architecture. Results show that the execution efficiency is improved by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$13\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> compared with the state-of-the-art. With programming optimization, another 36.5% performance improvement can be achieved.

Comparative Study of Hybrid Solar Photovoltaic - Diesel Power Supply System

In an environment with unstable power supply, incessant load shedding and inconsistent energy availability remains a major challenge. Hence, there is a need for an urgent alternative source of energy to mitigate this challenge. Over the years, fossil fuel-based energy sources have been considered as an effective solution, however the greenhouse gases emissions from these sources contribute largely to the rise in the depletion of the ozone layer which eventually leads to pollution and global warming. This work contributes to efforts in curbing this menace by reducing the use of diesel generators and focus more on a hybrid renewable energy system. This study, used selected residential buildings as a case study. A photovoltaic system and a diesel generator were incorporated as hybrid energy system, and the data gathered was processed using the HOMER software. The output of the simulation provided two optimal systems (PV-Diesel Generator, Battery coupled with the complete Hybrid system) and (PV- Diesel generator). The optimal and cost-effective system from the analysis is the PV-diesel hybrid system. This consists of a 10kW solar PV, 45kW Diesel generator, a 10kW converter and six 6FM200D batteries. This study provides a synergy of individual subsystems as analyzed in the result to enhanced the reliability of the system.

Farmers’ propensity to use reality television shows for information on climate-smart agriculture strategies in southwestern Nigeria

Abstract Reality Television Show (RTS), an emerging variant of entertainment education, is renowned for its popularity among audiences all over the world, making it a great medium for conveying targeted educational messages to specific audiences. However, it is yet to be exploited for disseminating agriculture-related concepts such as Climate-Smart Agriculture (CSA). Therefore, this study examined farmers’ propensity to use RTS for information on CSA strategies in southwestern Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 121 farmers for this study. Using an interview schedule, data were collected on farmers’ socio-economic characteristics, sources of information on climate change and CSA, awareness of RTS, perceived constraints, and the propensity of its use for information on climate-smart agriculture strategies. Data were analysed using descriptive (frequencies, percentages, means) and inferential (PPMC) statistics at p = 0.05. Farmers were mostly male (55.4%), smallholders (1.6 ± 1.3 ha), and aged 44.9 ± 12.7 years. While most of the farmers (66.0%) used television as a source of information, none of them (0.0%) were aware of any Nigerian RTS used to promote agriculture. The most severe perceived constraints to the use of RTS were poor network reception eception (x ̄= 161.2), unstable power supply (x ̄= 160.3), lack of sponsorship (x ̄= 156.2), sustainability of the show (x ̄= 154.6) and language barrier (x ̄= 147.1). The majority of the farmers (69.4%) had a high propensity to use RTS for information on CSA. Farmers’ perceived constraints (r = −0.196) significantly correlated with their propensity to use RTS for information on CSA. Agricultural development communicators should focus on using this Entertainment-Education (EE) format in promoting climate-smart agriculture.

Nursing Students Knowledge About Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies Facilities at Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan

Technology is basically the scientific use of knowledge to solve problems practically, which also includes the invention of modern and useful tools and techniques. Objectives: To check the Nursing Students Knowledge About Utilization of Information and Communication Technologies Facilities. Methods: A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted among nursing students. Questionnaire comprised of different question regarding the factors influencing ICT usage and nursing students knowledge towards the use of ICT. The questionnaire was distributed among hundred nursing students. Results: Students have good knowledge about ICT, but their use is limited. ICT facilities like photocopier, printer, E-library and functional ICT laboratories were lacking. Unreliable power supply, a lack of ICT technical support, and a lack of managerial encouragement were identified as the culprits. Conclusions: ICT resources were scarce, and there were no basic amenities. The use of ICT is largely impacted by unstable power supplies, a lack of technical assistance for ICT, and a lack of management motivation and support.

Wearable power management system enables uninterrupted battery-free data-intensive sensing and transmission

Wearable devices could provide unparalleled human-machine interaction, but their reliable powering has become a bottleneck in their widespread adoption due to requirements for uninterrupted data-intensive sensing and transmission. The current battery-free solutions cannot function with a minuscule voltage and are unable to cope with an unstable power supply. Here, we report an uninterrupted, data-intensive, and battery-free wearable multi-source power management system. The system can be charged with an intermittent ultra-low voltage (<60 mV), supporting DC and AC power from green energy sources. First, we demonstrate that by using body heat at a temperature difference of 3 K between the human skin and the environment, the system can reliably function transmitting data within a period as short as 2.25 s. Then, we show that ultra-low voltage energy harvesting driven by human motion can also power the system. The proposed power management system enables reliable battery-free uninterrupted monitoring for self-contained wearable devices.

Optimal Planning of Battery Energy Storage Systems by Considering Battery Degradation due to Ambient Temperature: A Review, Challenges, and New Perspective

In recent years, the goal of lowering emissions to minimize the harmful impacts of climate change has emerged as a consensus objective among members of the international community through the increase in renewable energy sources (RES), as a step toward net-zero emissions. The drawbacks of these energy sources are unpredictability and dependence on nature, leading to unstable load power supply risk. One way to overcome instability in the power supply is by using a battery energy storage system (BESS). Therefore, this study provides a detailed and critical review of sizing and siting optimization of BESS, their application challenges, and a new perspective on the consequence of degradation from the ambient temperature. It also reviews advanced battery optimization planning that considers battery degradation, technologies, degradation, objective function, and design constraints. Furthermore, it examines the challenges encountered in developing the BESS optimization model and evaluates the scope of the proposed future direction to improve the optimized BESS, especially its battery.