Unsaturated Fatty Acid Composition Research Articles

GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITY OF FLAVONOIDS OF EXTRACTS OF POPULUS POPULUS BALSAMIFERA BUDS

At present, the urgent task is to accelerate the development of alternative measures for the protection of plants, which is associated with the aggravation of the environmental situation, the desire to reduce pollution of agricultural landscapes and obtain agricultural products with minimal use of agrochemicals. Poplar extract is a plant growth stimulant due to the presence in its composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, lipids, phenolic and polyphenolic compounds, amino acids, essential oils, vitamins, which provide a stable growth-stimulating effect.The aim was to evaluate the stimulating activity of extracts of balsamic poplar buds Populus balsamifera on the seed productivity of flax.
 Tasks: isolate the amount of flavonoids from balsamic poplar; to establish the growth-stimulating activity of balsamic poplar bud extract in relation to flax seeds.
 Methodology and scientific approaches: The method for obtaining the proposed balsam poplar extract includes the use of balsam poplar buds, air drying, grinding, extraction with 90% ethanol in a Soxhlet apparatus, filtration and evaporation to obtain the target product.
 Results and conclusions: the results of studying the growth-stimulating activity of extracts of balsam poplar Populus balsamifera showed high seed productivity of flax of Tomsk selection in the control group; reproduction conditions had a positive effect on the yield of flax.

Improved hydrogenation process for margarine production with no trans fatty acid formation by non-thermal plasma with needle-in-tube configuration

Non-thermal dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma with needle-in-tube configuration was used to improve hydrogenation reaction for trans -fat free margarine production. Refined palm olein was used as raw material with operating conditions at ambient pressure, room temperature (29 °C) and no catalyst. Effects of hydrogen gas (H 2 ) concentration, input power, gas flow rate, discharge gap size and reaction time on fatty acid compositions and properties of hydrogenated refined palm olein after plasma treatment was evaluated. Lowest iodine value (IV) was achieved with reduction from 60.75 to 23.56 with increase in saturated fatty acid composition from 40.82 ± 0.05 to 68.70 ± 0.07% and decrease in unsaturated fatty acid composition from 59.11 ± 0.12 to 31.39 ± 0.01% under the condition of 0.5 L/min gas flow rate with 100% H 2 , 40 W input power, 0.5 cm gap size and 15 h reaction time. In addition, no trans -fat was detected by GC-MS analysis. Slip melting point (SMP) was increased from 9.33 ± 0.5 to 36.33 ± 0.5 °C. Acid value (AV) was reduced from 0.47 ± 0.02 to 0.32 ± 0.03 mg KOH/g oil. Texture of produced margarine was similar to that of commercial one. Generated hydrogen free radicals were hypothesized to perform hydrogenation by reacting with carbon-carbon double bonds (π-bonds), converting poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids into saturated ones. This highly effective catalyst-free plasma hydrogenation system can be used as alternative, environmentally friendly and economically feasible method to produce trans -fat free margarine. • Production of trans -fat free margarine via non-thermal plasma hydrogenation of palm olein. • Highly environmental-friendly, requiring no catalyst under low temperature and pressure. • Reduced acid value provides increased storage time and longer shelf life.

Understanding lipid quality variability in Asia Pacific through comprehensive lipid evaluation tests

The objective of this study was to investigate the variability in the oxidative quality and nutritional values of different lipid samples collected across Asia-Pacific region. The oxidative quality was evaluated through the peroxide value (PV) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, while the free fatty acid (FFA) content and degree of fatty acid saturation (U/S ratio) were two essential parameters used to understand the nutritional values or metabolizable energy (ME) values of lipid samples. A total of 1221 lipid samples were collected and analyzed over a period of 10 years. The study showed high variability in oxidative quality between the lipid samples. Due to higher unsaturated fatty acid composition, the oxidative quality for most of the fish oil and soybean oil was at a less favorable range compared to rice bran oil, crude palm oil, and refined palm oil. The standard deviation of free fatty acids (FFA) content of soybean oil and refined palm oil was smaller compared to tallow, rice bran oil, crude palm oil, and fish oil. Fish oil and soybean oil had a higher standard deviation in U/S ratio. Variations in the FFA content and U/S ratio contributed to fluctuation in ME values.

Facile analysis of rice bran oil to compare free unsaturated fatty acid compositions of parental and hybrid rice lines.

Rice bran oil (RBO) has been a popular choice of cooking oil in several Asian countries for decades, and the interest in RBO is fast growing in Western countries due to the high levels of hearty unsaturated fats and other components beneficial to health. Further knowledge of unsaturated fatty acid content and composition in rice lines will assist in improving the quality of rice bran processing by allowing robust extraction of rice bran for oil production. The studies focused on the RBO composition of rice lines with beneficial genotypes are scarce. Accordingly, we investigated the total bran lipid content and composition of three of the most abundant, healthy, unsaturated fatty acids that freely exist in RBO: oleic, linoleic, and α-linolenic acids in nine parental lines (two male sterile lines and seven male lines) and seven hybrid rice lines, by utilizing an efficacious organic extraction to collect RBO and by developing a user-friendly reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methodology. Our results showed that the hybrid lines had the highest oil content (F ratio = 7.2017, p value = 0.0019), while the male lines had the highest levels of two of the three free unsaturated fatty acids analyzed (linoleic acid, mg and oleic acid, mg). Oil weight was negatively correlated with α-linolenic acid (r = -0.6535, p value <0.0001). All three free unsaturated fatty acids were positively correlated. Our samples' natural variation in lipid content suggests that some rice lines are more suitable for oil production.

Determination of Saturated and Unsaturated Fatty Acids in Second Crop Season Peanut Cultivation in the Eastern Mediterranean

In this study; the saturated and unsaturated fatty acid composition of 11 different peanut cultivars, Runner (Georgia Green) Virginia (NC-7, Masal, Halisbey, Wilson, Com, Brantley, Duzici-1) Spanish (Florispan, Nigeria-1), widely grown in the eastern Mediterranean Transition Zone were determined. The research was carried out for two years (2020 to 2021) under second crop season conditions in the trial areas of the Oil Seeds Research Institute. The experiment was set up in a randomized block design with 3 replications. In the research, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidonic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, oleic/linoleic ratio, iodin value, behenic acid, arachidic acid properties were investigated. The highest oleic acid ratio was obtained from Masal (79.71%), the highest palmitic acid from florispan (11.06%), and the highest linoleic acid (34.08%) from florispan. The behenic acid ratio was found between 2.51% (Wilson) and 3.14% (Georgia Green).

High Temperature Alters Leaf Lipid Membrane Composition Associated with Photochemistry of PSII and Membrane Thermostability in Rice Seedlings.

Rice cultivated in the tropics is exposed to high temperature (HT) stress which threatens its growth and survival. This study aimed at characterizing the HT response in terms of PSII efficiency and membrane stability, and to identify leaf fatty acid changes that may be associated with HT tolerance or sensitivity of rice genotypes. Twenty-eight-day-old seedlings of two Thai rice cultivars (CN1 and KDML105), a standard heat tolerance (N22), and a heat sensitive (IR64) rice genotype were treated at 42 °C for 7 days. Under HT, N22 showed the highest heat tolerance displaying the lowest increase in electrolyte leakage (EL), no increments in malondialdehyde (MDA) and stable maximum quantum yield of PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm). Compared to KDML105 and IR64, CN1 was more tolerant of HT, showing a lower increase in EL and MDA, and less reduction in Fv/Fm. N22 and CN1 showed a higher percentage reduction of unsaturated fatty acids (C18:2 and C18:3), which are the major components of the thylakoid membrane, rendering the optimum thylakoid membrane fluidity and intactness of PSII complex. Moreover, they exhibited sharp increases in long-chain fatty acids, particularly C22:1, while the heat sensitive IR64 and KDML105 showed significant reductions. Dramatic increases in long-chain fatty acids may lead to cuticular wax synthesis which provides protective roles for heat tolerance. Thus, the reduction in unsaturated fatty acid composition of the thylakoid membrane and dramatic increases in long-chain fatty acids may lead to high photosynthetic performance and an enhanced synthesis of cuticular wax which further provided additional protective roles for heat tolerance ability in rice.

Comparative Analysis and Structural Modeling of Elaeis oleifera FAD2, a Fatty Acid Desaturase Involved in Unsaturated Fatty Acid Composition of American Oil Palm.

Simple SummaryPalm oil has become the world’s most important vegetable oil in terms of production quantity, and its overall demand is exponentially growing with the global population. The fatty acid composition and particularly the oleic/linoleic acid ratio are major factors influencing palm oil quality. In this study, we focused on FAD2, a fatty acid desaturase enzyme involved in the desaturation and conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid in Elaeis oleifera, identified through in silico annotation analysis. Our phylogenetic and comparative studies revealed two SNP markers, SNP278 and SNP851, significantly correlated with the oleic/linoleic acid contents. Our study provides fundamental insights into the mechanism of fatty acids synthesis in oil palm and could support the application of molecular biology techniques to enhance the enzymatic activity and substrate affinity of EoFAD2.American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera) is an important source of dietary oil that could fulfill the increasing worldwide demand for cooking oil. Therefore, improving its production is crucial and could be realized through breeding and genetic engineering approaches aiming to obtain high-yielding varieties with improved oil content and quality. The fatty acid composition and particularly the oleic/linoleic acid ratio are major factors influencing oil quality. Our work focused on a fatty acid desaturase (FAD) enzyme involved in the desaturation and conversion of oleic acid to linoleic acid. Following the in silico identification and annotation of Elaeis oleifera FAD2, its molecular and structural features characterization was performed to better understand the mechanistic bases of its enzymatic activity. EoFAD2 is 1173 nucleotides long and encodes a protein of 390 amino acids that shares similarities with other FADs. Interestingly, the phylogenetic study showed three distinguished groups where EoFAD2 clustered among monocotyledonous taxa. EoFAD2 is a membrane-bound protein with five transmembrane domains presumably located in the endoplasmic reticulum. The homodimer organization model of EoFAD2 enzyme and substrates and respective substrate-binding residues were predicted and described. Moreover, the comparison between 24 FAD2 sequences from different species generated two interesting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the oleic/linoleic acid contents.

Soil Amendment with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Biochar Improves Salinity Tolerance, Growth, and Lipid Metabolism of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Salt stress in soils impacts grain crop yield. Soil amendment with biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal alone has been analyzed to improve the growth of several crops under salinity stress. However, the combined application of biochar and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for the remediation of salinity and improvement of crop productivity in wheat are rarely discussed and have remained unclear. Therefore, this experiment was performed to investigate the effect with biochar (150 g biochar per each treated pot containing 3 kg soil) and/or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (20 g AMF inoculum containing 80% mycorrhizal roots, 100–160 spores, and extraradical hyphae per each treated pot) on the productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under four salt stress gradients; 0, 50, 100, and 150 mM NaCl. The results show salinity significantly reduced plant height (9.9% to 22.9%), shoot fresh weight (35.6% to 64.4%), enzymatic activities (34.1% to 39.3%), and photosynthetic pigments—i.e., total chlorophyll contents (75.0%) and carotenoids contents (56.2%) of plants—as compared with control. Under exclusive biochar application, the plants were moderately tolerant to salinity stress, which was evident in their growth, moderately reduced fatty acid content, partially impaired enzymatic activity, and photosynthetic pigments, while under the exclusive AMF application, the wheat plants were relatively sensitive to salinity stress, resulting in impaired growth rate, decreased unsaturated fatty acid composition, enzymatic activity, and photosynthetic pigments. Conversely, under the co-application of biochar and AMF, wheat plants partially increased plant height (14.1%), shoot fresh biomass (75.7%), root fresh biomass (24.9%), partially increased enzymatic activity (49.5%), and unimpaired photosynthetic pigments (30.2% to 54.8%) of wheat under salinity stress. Current findings concluded that exclusive incorporation of biochar, and the synergistic application of AMF and biochar, could be utilized as a promising way to reduce the deleterious effects of salinity stress in wheat production.

젖소 사육환경과 영양조성에 대한 마케팅 정보가 치즈 선호도에 미치는 영향

The taste preference for cheese is primarily dependent on an individual’s habitual experience, such as personal memories since childhood. Cheese is not a traditional food in Korea, and therefore, the liking of cheese is acquired mainly through the exposure to European natural cheese by frequent travels rather than habitual experience. Although Korean dairy farms started the production of European style natural cheese because of surplus milk undulation, yet its demand has been consistently increasing in the last decade. Most of the mountain cheese variety in Europe are produced during the summer season on mountain pastures, especially in countries surrounded by the Alps. Nevertheless, not only consumers but also mountain cheese producers cannot comprehensively explain the differences in the nutritional properties of the milk from cows that grazed on mountain pasture and cows that were raised indoors. As the demand for cheese consumption is steadily increasing in Korea, it is necessary to study the effects of providing marketing information regarding the health conditions and rearing system of dairy cows in relation to the nutritional composition of cheese. In addition to the marketing focus on health-promoting unsaturated fatty acid composition of milk and cheese, the relationship between providing the marketing information on the raising environments of cows and the overall liking of mountain cheese were also investigated.

Kekik ve Kekik Yağının Beyaz Karides Büyümesi Üzerine Etkileri, Litopenaeus vannamei

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different levels of thyme leaf and thyme oil as feed additives in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) culture. In the experiment, five groups were formed as 1% and 2% thyme leaves (ThyL1% and ThyL2%), 0.5% and 1% thyme oil (ThyO0.5% and ThyO1%), and control group. Shrimps (6.67±1.52 g) were stocked at a stocking rate of 15 shrimp/250 L (100% water change day-1) in a three-replications. At the end of the trial, the highest final body weight (14.90±2.77) and weight gain (8.22±0.72) were determined in the ThyO1% group and were statistically different compared to the control group (Final weight: 13.54±3.37, weight gain: 6.87±0.54) (p&amp;lt;0.05). While the best feed conversion ratio between the groups was similarly determined in the ThyO1% (2.59±0.92) group, there was no difference between the groups in terms of survival rates. Histological examination of hepatopancreatic tissues showed no difference in tissue morphology between the groups. Dry matter, crude protein, and crude ash contents did not differ significantly between the groups. The highest lipid content was found in the ThyO1% group (1.64) compared to the other groups (p&amp;lt;0.05). Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids composition values differed significantly for all groups. (p&amp;lt;0.05). As a result, it can be stated that 1% thyme oil added feed can be used as a growth promoter in white shrimp culture.

The fatty acid composition of the raw material from sea buckthorn

Today, the relevance of studying medicinal plants and creating medicines based on them occupies a special place in medicine and pharmacy. Interest in the study of already known and new medicinal plants of the domestic flora is growing. On their basis, new herbal medicines and dietary supplements are created, which due to their unique compositionhave a mild therapeutic and complex effect on the organs and systems of the human body. They are virtually devoid of side effects, and they do not develop addiction. Aim. To study the qualitative composition and the content of fatty acids in the medicinal plant raw material from sea buckthorn using the chromatographic method; to determine the specific feature of the fatty acid composition for identification of the sea buckthorn raw material. Materials and methods. The study objects were leaves, fruit pulp, seeds and bark of sea buckthorn harvested at the pharmacopoeial garden of the National University of Pharmacy (2018). The analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Results and discussion. The results of the analysis indicate that the medicinal plant raw material from sea buckthorn has a rich diverse composition of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, namely: in the leaves of sea buckthorn there are significant amounts of fatty acids. Among saturated fatty acids there are palmitic (55.33 mg/g), behenic (1.07 mg/g),stearic (1.03 mg/g), arachinic (0.91 mg/g), lignocerinic (0.78 mg/g), margaric (0.32 mg/g), myristic (0.28 mg/g) acids; among unsaturated fatty acids – oleic (7.79 mg/g), linoleic (2.42 mg/g). Fatty acids of the sea buckthorn bark are representedby saturated arachidonic (20.85 mg/g), palmitic (2.14 mg/g), erucic (2.09 mg/g), heneukocylic (1.87 mg/g),behenic (1.38 mg/g) acids and unsaturated oleic (5.75 mg/g) and linoleic (4.86 m/g) fatty acids. In the pulp of sea buckthorn fruits 9 fatty acids have been identified. Palmitic acid (23.55 mg/g) is contained in large quantities, there are also stearic acid (2.68 mg/g), myristic acid (1.36 mg/g), arachinic acid (0.87 mg/g). Among unsaturated acids, oleic acid (44.42 mg/g), linoleic acid (12.49 mg/g), linolenic acid (5.96 mg/g), palmitoleic acid (5.16 mg/g) and vaccenic acid (3.79 mg/g) have been identified. The seeds of sea buckthorn contain 8 fatty acids. Three of them are saturated: palmitic (15.89 mg/g), stearic (2.51 mg/g), myristic (0.71 mg/g), and there are five unsaturated acids: oleic (31.41 mg/g), linoleic (27.03 mg/g),linolenic (17.00 mg/g), vaccenic (2.86 mg/g) and palmitoleic (2.56 mg/g). Conclusions. The results of the analysis show a rich fatty acid composition of the medicinal plant raw material from sea buckthorn. It has been determined that the specific feature is the presence and the ratio of palmitoleic and vaccenic acid in the pulp and seeds; this feature is characteristic when identifying the sea buckthorn raw material. Thus, this raw material can be promising for the creation of medicines and dietary supplements based on it, for the treatment and prevention of various diseases.

Variability of Essential and Nonessential Fatty Acids of Irish Rapeseed Oils as an Indicator of Nutritional Quality.

The low saturated fatty acid content of rapeseed oil has resulted in it being classed as one of the most health-benefiting culinary oils. This study determines whether Irish rapeseed oils contain identical fatty acid profiles or whether distinct profiles exist between producers and producers' successive oil batches. The fatty acid content of Irish rapeseed oils was determined in terms of the desirable MUFA and PUFA and saturated content of these oils. The fatty acid composition demonstrated significant differences in individual unsaturated fatty acid content, while total saturation had insignificant differences. Saturated fatty acid content ranged from 6.10 to 15.8%, while unsaturated fatty acids ranged from 84.20 to 90.10%. Moreover, individual fatty acid content exhibited significant differences (p < 0.05). Oleic acid (C18:1), linoleic acid (C18:2), and stearic acid (C18:0) contents were considered significantly different from other fatty acids detected. The third successive batch from each producer exhibited lower oleic acid content, and the third batch contained higher linoleic acid content, at the same time maintaining a desirable unsaturated fatty acid composition. Studies suggest that differences in the fatty acid composition may be due to cultivation practices such as climate, soil composition, sowing and harvesting, processing techniques, and oxidation reactions.

Statistical analysis on prediction of biodiesel properties from its fatty acid composition

The present work deals with the statistical analysis to determine the relationship between the vital biodiesel properties (cetane number, density, viscosity, heating value) and fatty acid compositions of nine different types of biodiesels originated from edible oil non-edible oil, waste oil, and animal oil. Multiple linear regression analysis (MLR) was used to develop the mathematical models to predict the properties from the saturated (lauric, myristic, stearic) and unsaturated fatty (oleic, linoleic, linolenic) acids composition. The developed models were then validated with experimental data from the literature to determine their predictive capability. The models developed for cetane number and density were highly statistical and successfully predicted the respective properties of randomly selected biodiesel from the literature. On the other hand, predictive models for kinematic viscosity and heating value were ineffective; however, the error between experimental and predicted values was sufficiently minimal for heating value.

Vplyv ročníka a biostimulátorov na obsah mastných kyselín v hybridoch slnečnice ročnej

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is grown in Slovak growing conditions for edible oil of high quality, its composition of unsaturated fatty acids affects the human health positively. Influence of year, hybrids (Marbelia CS and Reasun DS-5) and biostimulating preparations (Florone and Fertisiline) on yield, oil content, and amount of selected fatty acids (oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and stearic acids) was find out in this study. Also evaluate the relationship within the achieved yield and oil content with the obtained amount of selected fatty acids. Field small-plot experiments were established by randomized split plot method during the growing years of 2018 and 2019. The experimental field is situated in a warm maize production area, while the course of weather conditions during individual growing seasons was different. On an average for experimental period of 2018-2019, more favorable course of temperatures and precipitation was recorded in 2018. Significantly higher achene yield (3.29±0.35 t/ha) and a higher amount of selected fatty acids (oleic acid 62.11±4.33%; linoleic acid 45.32±4.62%; palmitic acid 5.26±0.33%; stearic acid 4.21±0.20%) were found in Reasun DS-5 hybrid. Both biostimulating preparations had a significant effect on the yield and oleic acid content, when both biostimulators were applied in BBCH 15 and BBCH 55. The amount of linoleic acid decreased by both biostimulating applications in BBCH 15 (Florone 33.88±10.57%; Fertilisine 34.11±13.37%) and BBCH 15, 55 ((Florone 34.08±12.34%; Fertisiline 34.26±13.40%) compared by control treatments (38.43±6.01%). The contents of linoleic acid on treated variants by both preparations in BBCH 55 (Florone 38.26±9.47%; Fertisiline 39.03±8.95%) were statistically non-significant with comparison to untreated control. The height of yield was negatively correlated (r= -0.310; P<0.01) with the oil content in the average of 2018 and 2019. A significant positive correlation was found in the relationships between the yield and palmitic acid (r=0.35; P<0.01), linoleic acid and palmitic acid, and stearic acid (r=0.51; P<0.01) (r=0.86; P<0.01), palmitic acid and stearic acid (r=0.45; P<0.01).

Effects of sodium erythorbate and sodium tripolyphosphate on the lipid oxidation of Russian sturgeon with sous-vide cooking

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sous-vide cooking (SVC) treatment combined with sodium erythorbate (SE) and sodium tripolyphosphate (ST) on the lipid oxidation of Russian sturgeon meat during storage. SVC can effectively inhibit microbial spoilage during storage which also negatively influenced the peroxide values (POV) and conjugated diene values of Russian sturgeon meat. SE and ST showed high free radical scavenging rate and ferrous ion complexing ability respectively by the in vitro experiments, which were used to inhibit lipid oxidation. Results showed that SVC 60 ℃ treatment with the addition of ST (SVST) and SE (SVSE) can effectively slow down the lipid oxidation of Russian sturgeon meat with. The increasing of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), POV and conjugated diene values in SVST and SVSE groups were inhibited and the unsaturated fatty acid compositions were higher than control group. The addition of ST and SE can further improve the shelf stability of sturgeon meat with SVC treatment. This study contributes to the application of SVC technology in pre-made meat products.

Qualitative composition of purebred and crossbred lamb fat

The physical and chemical properties and structure of lamb fat are derived from the qualitative composition and content of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. Higher levels of saturated fatty acid in sheep fat increase the melting point and yield a solid lard. Characteristic fat deposition in the carcass of young sheep is closely related to meat productivity and nutritional value of mutton. The paper presents the results to prove the influence of the genotype of purebred Tsigai rams and their crosses from the Romanov, Texel and Edilbay rams. Crossbred young animals of all genotypes are proved to have an increased content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The amount of lipids in intramuscular fat in crossbred Romanov rams is 1.68% more, Texel – 13.97% and Edilbay – 21.79%, while the cholesterol content is lower by 1.47%, 6.35% and 5.21%, respectively.

Interference with ACSL1 gene in bovine adipocytes: Transcriptome profiling of circRNA related to unsaturated fatty acid production

Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 1 (ACSL1) is a member of the acyl-CoA synthetase family that plays a vital role in lipid metabolism. We have previously shown that the ACSL1 gene regulates the composition of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in bovine skeletal muscle, which in turn regulates the fatty acid synthesis and the generation of lipid droplets. Here, we used RNA-Seq to screen circRNAs that regulated the expression of ACSL1 gene and other UFA synthesis-related genes by RNA interference and noninterference in bovine adipocytes. The results of KEGG pathway analysis showed that the parental genes of differentially expressed (DE)-circRNAs were primarily enriched in the adipocytokine signaling pathway. The prediction results showed that novel_circ_0004855, novel_circ_0001507, novel_circ_0001731, novel_circ_0005276, novel_circ_0002060, novel_circ_0005405 and novel_circ_0004254 regulated UFA synthesis-related genes by interacting with the related miRNAs. These results could help expand our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of circRNAs in the regulation of UFA synthesis in bovine adipocytes.

Epoxidation of Linseed Oil by Performic Acid Produced In Situ

Linseed oil is characterized by an elevated concentration of highly unsaturated fatty acids such as linolenic and linoleic acids. This work has the objective to evaluate the effect of the high unsaturation of linseed oil on the reactivity and selectivity of the epoxidation reaction. For this purpose, different kinetic experiments of linseed oil epoxidation with performic acid, produced in situ, and phosphoric acid as catalyst, have been performed and interpreted with a biphasic kinetic model previously tested on soybean oil epoxidation. This model considers the contribution of the main reactions involved in each phase, including the side reactions such as performic acid decomposition and ring opening reactions. The experiments made have been simulated, with the mentioned kinetic model, after the evaluation by mathematical regression of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the model. Then, the obtained results have been compared with those described in the literature for soybean seed oil, considering, in particular, the effect of the different unsaturated fatty acids composition on activity and selectivity.

Dietary Fats High in Linoleic Acids Impair Antitumor T-cell Responses by Inducing E-FABP-Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

The most recent American Dietary Guidelines (2020-2025) recommend shifting dietary fats from solid saturated fats to unsaturated oils. Dietary oils contain different compositions of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA). Oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA) are the most common UFA in dietary oils. How individual UFA in oils regulate immune cell function and cancer risk remains unclear. Here we demonstrated that high-fat diets (HFD) rich either in OA or LA induced a similar degree of murine obesity, but the LA-rich HFD specifically promoted mammary tumor growth. LA impaired antitumor T-cell responses by promoting naïve T-cell apoptosis and inhibiting TNFα production. While exogenous OA and LA were taken up by T cells with similar efficacy, only LA induced significant mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and lipid peroxidation. Importantly, naïve T cells predominantly expressed epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP), which is central in facilitating LA mitochondrial transport and cardiolipin incorporation. Genetic depletion of E-FABP rescued LA-impaired T-cell responses and suppressed LA-rich HFD-associated mammary tumor growth. Collectively, these data suggest that dietary oils high in LA promote mammary tumors by inducing E-FABP-mediated T-cell dysfunction. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest that modulation of dietary oil composition and inhibition of E-FABP activity may represent novel strategies to enhance T-cell function in the prevention and treatment of obesity-associated cancers.

Effect of sprinkler and drip irrigation systems on seed yield and quality of oil for some sunflower genotypes

A field experiment was performed at the Arb El-Awamer Research Station, Assuit Governorate, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt during the two consecutive summer seasons of 2017 and 2018 to achieve the highest yield and good oil quality of nine tested sunflower genotypes. In both seasons, the experiment was conducted using the split plot design in randomized complete block design with three replicates arrangement keeping irrigation system (sprinkler and drip) in the main plots, and sunflower genotypes (L990, L770, L465, L125, L460, L880, L120, Giza 102 and Sakha 53) in the sub plots. Yield and quality traits were significantly influenced by irrigation system and genotypes as well as their interactions in both seasons and their combined analysis. The drip irrigation system seems to be a good compromise between the highest seed yield /fedden and good fatty acid composition of oil. Line 120 was ranked in the first order in head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed weight /plant, flowered late and hence seed yield /fedden, as well as seed oil content, whereas, Sakha 53 characterized with it contained the highest proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. The highest values of head diameter, 100-seed weight, seed weight /plant and hence seed yield /fedden as well as the highest proportion of unsaturated fatty acids composition were obtained by grown sunflower L120 at drip irrigation system.