Unresolved Conflicts Research Articles

Duration of Employment and Interpersonal Conflict Experienced in South Carolina Academic Libraries

Interpersonal conflicts occur across all relationships at all levels. Unresolved interpersonal conflicts can lead to bullying, which has been under continued exploration in the workplace since the 1990s (Keashly & Neumann, 2010). The longer someone is employed at an institution, the more time they will have to experience interpersonal conflict in their work relationships. This study uses Harvey, Blouin, & Stout’s (2006) Interpersonal Conflict Scale to examine the relationship between duration of employment and the level of interpersonal conflict experienced by South Carolina academic librarians. The results of this study indicate there is a low level of interpersonal conflict experienced in academic libraries in South Carolinaand that conflict is not dependent on the duration of employment at one’s institution.

The Anatomy of Peace: A Reading of How to Tell the Story of an Insurgency

This paper aims to study the traumatic impact of violence in the late twentieth century Assam, caused primarily by the unresolved conflict between popular ethno-nationalist demands of an independent, ‘Swadhin’ Assam and retaliatory steps of the Centre. The short story anthology, How to Tell the Story of an Insurgency edited by Aruni Kashyap will be considered chiefly, to understand the deep-seated, sometimes ‘belated’ occurrence of trauma on people’s lives, which often resisted representation. Cathy Caruth argues that the belated occurrence of trauma may be linked to what remains unknown/unsaid in our actions and language. Robert Eaglestone mentions that our linguistic registers may prove inadequate to represent traumatic experiences. People’s trauma in Assam was worsened by the disciplinary actions imposed to restrain revolutionary acts. Foucault described ‘discipline’ as a “type of power, a modality for its exercise”. People lived in a panopticon, gradually becoming disillusioned about the cause. Between ideology and peace, they chose the latter. Thus, reading these polyphonic stories using the theoretical discourse of trauma will help to locate the phenomenon in the social, political and cultural history of Assam, to see how people emerged out of conflict by opting for relative peace.

BASIC HOPE AND EXISTENTIAL ANXIETY AMONG ADULTHOOD GENERATIONS

Purpose. This study attempts to show the level of basic hope and existential anxiety among younger adults/emerging adulthood and middle adult generations. Basic hope is seen as a positive feeling playing a fundamental motivational role in the regulation of human behavior. It has been pointed out that hope is a prospective emotion that, contrary to fear/anxiety, is directed toward the future. Existential anxiety is thought to be inversely related with hope which means that existential anxiety is associated with unresolved intra-psychic conflicts. Methods. A sample of 139 younger and adult participants from the general population was examined. They represented three stages of adulthood: emerging adulthood (59), early adulthood (28), middle adulthood (52). They completed two self-measure questionnaires focused on basic hope (Basic Hope Inventory – 12 by Trzebiński and Zięba) and existential anxiety (Existential Anxiety Questionnaire by Weems and associates). Results. The results indicate that the younger generation/emerging adulthood displays a higher level of existential anxiety and lower level of basic hope than other adult generations. Young people who feel higher existential anxiety do not believe that their future will be positive. Adult women display a higher level of basic hope than men while the level of existential anxiety is similar in both women and men Conclusions. The results document developmental characteristics of the stage named emerging adulthood. At this stage of development, people are particularly vulnerable, full of fear for their future, they have to make important decisions about their education, professional decisions, and close interpersonal relationships. As their hope is low and existential anxiety is high they do not perceive their future positively.

Кризис режима нераспространения ядерного оружия: итоги и перспективы

The article reveals the causes of the crisis of the global nuclear order, analyzes the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), which is the central element of the global nuclear order, the main goal of which is to prevent nuclear war. However, the lack of nuclear disarmament and the humanitarian consequences of the use of nuclear weapons had led to the conclusion in 2017 the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW). The new treaty further exposed existing shortcomings in the NPT and exacerbated unresolved conflicts over the proper approach to disarmament. The absence of genuine disarmament, the existence of disagreements among the parties within NPT, the persistence and attempts to proliferate nuclear weapons are part of a comprehensive crisis and destabilization of the non-proliferation regime. The author argues that in order to stabilize the nuclear nonproliferation regime, it is necessary to resolve the crisis of confidence between the major nuclear powers, depolarize the intergroup divisions of the countries' positions in the NPT, and return to the principle of preventing nuclear war as the main goal. Only a comprehensive response to the crisis of the nuclear non-proliferation regime, that will take into account the interests of all parties can stabilize and maintain the global nuclear order.

Conflict and Negotiation Process in the Organization

Conflict is a natural and inevitable occurrence in any organizational setting which makes it unavoidable; hence the introduction of concepts like conflict management., conflict resolution and negotiation. These concepts are supremely important on harnessing the benefits of healthy conflicts; while also decimating conflicts that debilitate organizations. The review focuses on types and dimensions of conflicts with various acceptable ways to handle them in an organization, which in the end will enhance achievement of organizational goals, employee effectiveness and strategy alignment across all cadre of employees. Unresolved Conflict with the multidimensional cost is the bane of progress in any organization, whether it is sovereign, public or private, and as such demands a thorough blend of study for complete grasp of the underlying factors and conflict dynamics. The organization that will excel in productivity, profitability, agility and sustainability must incorporate effective management of conflict, as a critical success factor in its quest to achieve and surpass corporate objectives.

Led Around by the Nose

Led Around by the Nose

Unfinished business and self-blaming emotions among those bereaved by a COVID-19 death

In view of the mounting death toll of COVID-19 worldwide and the complicating circumstances that commonly accompany such losses, we studied the grief experiences of 209 adult mourners who lost a loved one to coronavirus with a focus on self-blaming emotions and unresolved issues with the deceased. We found universal endorsement of one or more forms of self-blame (guilt, regret, shame) or unfinished business (UB), with over one-third of mourners endorsing all four experiences. Those having a closer relationship to the deceased reported both greater distress over UB and more intense and dysfunctional grief symptomatology. Strikingly, unresolved conflict, a major dimension of UB, accounted for nearly 40% of the unique variance in problematic grief, which bore no relation to time since the loss.

Возможна ли апатия у российских элит?

The article analyzes the possibility and correctness of applying the term of social apathy to the current Russian administrative elites. To date, there is no consensus in the expert community on this subject. Two points of view dominate: according to the first one, the general mood in society cannot but affect the elites. An alternative point of view proceeds from the fact that a state of apathy, which implies a low value of activity, cannot be inherent in elites, since the managerial, career, tactical tasks and work schedule they solve do not imply the possibility of a decrease in efficiency, because this directly affects their positions. The authors single out unresolved conflicts that increase the risks of apathy among the elites. Among them are the peculiarities of consuming news from classical and new media; the contradiction between encouraging apathy in society and the need to recruit activity-oriented persons to the elite; the importance of demonstrating elements of the “people's agenda” in current activities; the weakness of the system for publicly evaluating the results of work on key projects in recent years; a general decline in the status of civilian elites. The authors also analyze possible consequences of the apathy of the elites.

Factors Influencing Medication Errors in the Prehospital Paramedic Environment: A Mixed Method Systematic Review

Introduction: There is limited research available on safe medication management practices in EMS practice, with most evidence-based medication safety guidelines based on research in nursing, operating theatre and pharmacy settings. Prevention of errors requires recognition of contributing factors across the spectrum from the organizational level to procedural elements and patient characteristics. Evidence is inconsistent regarding the incidence of medication errors and multiple sources also state that errors are under-reported, making the true magnitude of the problem difficult to quantify. Definitions of error also vary, with the specific context of medication errors in prehospital practice yet to be established. The objective of this review is to identify the factors influencing the occurrence of medication errors by EMS personnel in the prehospital environment. Methods and Analysis: The review included both qualitative and quantitative research involving interventions or phenomena related to medication safety or medication error by EMS personnel in the prehospital environment. A search of multiple databases was conducted to identify studies meeting these inclusion criteria. All studies selected were assessed for methodological quality, however this was not used as a basis for exclusion. Each stage of study selection, appraisal and data extraction was conducted by two independent reviewers, with a third reviewer deciding any unresolved conflicts. The review follows a convergent integrated approach, conducting a single qualitative synthesis of qualitative and “qualitized” quantitative data. Results: 56 articles were included in the review, with case reports and qualitative studies being the most frequent study types. Qualitative analysis revealed seven major themes: organizational factors (with reporting as a sub-theme), equipment/medications, environmental factors, procedure-related factors, communication, patient-related factors (with pediatrics as a sub-theme) and cognitive factors. Both contributing factors and protective factors were identified. Discussion: The body of evidence regarding medication errors is heterogenous and limited in both quantity and quality. Multiple factors influence medication errors occurrence; knowledge of these is necessary to mitigate the risk of errors. Medication error incidence is difficult to quantify due to inconsistent measure, definitions and contexts of research conducted to date. Further research is required to quantify the prevalence of identified factors in specific practice settings.

Edward Albee's Martha and George: A psychoanalytic interpretation of a dysfunctional couple

This paper ponders and reflects upon the troubled personalities and traits of the dysfunctional couple (Martha and George) portrayed in Edward Albee's ' Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf?' through a Freudian lens. There is a separate analysis of both the characters individually followed by a comprehensive evaluation of the subsequent effect that the characters have on each other as a couple.George’s character is explored and his flaws as a human being are uncovered in order to understand his failure to perform the roles expected out of him conventionally of a son, husband or even as an imaginary father to an unconceived child.Whereas Martha, who suffered from traumatic emotional experiences during childhood is reflected upon to understand her phallic fixation, unbalanced personality and unresolved sexual conflicts all of which has negativity affected her personality.As a couple they make sure unconsciously that none of them is ever able to ride out of the storm that their union is.

Review: Into the Sea, by Ash Watson

Review: <i>Into the Sea</i>, by Ash Watson

PEACEKEEPING AS A TOOL OF KAZAKHSTAN'S FOREIGN POLICY

Unresolved geopolitical conflicts that have emerged since the end of World War II are changing the architecture of Global Security. This contributes to the further deterioration of existing ones and provokes the emergence of new hotbeds of tension around the world. Absence of possibility to resolve the situation between two conflicting parties requires involving a third party, who would act as a mediator with the ability to resolve it, using certain tools, such as peacekeeping operations. Not only internal, but also external factors that have a direct impact on peacemaking have contributed to the development of today's peacekeeping as a mechanism for conflict resolution. Emerging conflicts are becoming more complex, and the approach of participants has changed, as well as the attitude towards peacekeepers. Growing globalization erases borders making them more transparent, and encourages States to respond more actively to events that are taking place in other countries. Involvement in such conflicts has allowed some "actors" to use peacekeeping as a political tool to promote their own interests in conflict zones. These goals are not always positive for the parties directly involved in the conflict situation. The achievement of their goals by the third parties involved can sometimes be radical, which in the end can further worsen the overall unstable existing state between the conflicting parties. Kazakhstan, despite the fact that it is a "newcomer" in the field of peacekeeping, also has the opportunity to promote its initiatives in the international arena through peacekeeping. The article discusses Kazakhstan's activities in this area, as well as possible ways to achieve these goals.

‘I shall paint my nails with the blood of those that covet me’: Kashmir’s Women’s Militia and Independence-era Nationalism

Abstract Towards the close of 1947, amid increasing turbulence and conflict in Kashmir, women activists established their own militia and were trained to use rifles – a rare initiative in South Asia even amid the turmoil of Partition and independence. The women were aligned with radical Kashmiri nationalism. Their militia was a self-defence force as well as a demonstration of support for Indian rule in Kashmir and for a democratic dispensation to replace the autocratic maharaja. Although the militia was short-lived and never saw active service, the sight of women drilling in the Kashmiri capital with rifles on their shoulders was a powerful demonstration of a change of regime. The testimony of former members of the women's militia emphasizes the sense of empowerment they gained – though the subsequent trajectory of the unresolved Kashmir conflict has clouded over this episode of women's political activism.

National security policy of the Republic of Moldova: conceptual and practical aspects

The Republic of Moldova is facing a period with multiple risks and threats, either old or new, both internally and externally, such as the existence of an unresolved conflict or the risk of regional aggression, or the existence of the specific elements of a hybrid war. In this context, there is a growing discussion about the need to revise the National Security Policy (NSP), and other documents related to the security and defense sector, for several objective reasons. Th us, in this article are analyzed views regarding the necessity of the revision of the National Security Strategy (NSS) and presented the key issues of the process of the development of a NSS, considering certain lessons that have to be learned. From a conceptual perspective, the necessity of the elaboration of a mechanism for monitoring, evaluation, prioritization and answer to the risks and threats towards the national security of the Republic of Moldova. From a practical perspective, the citizen’s security needs must be reflected in the NSP, and the authorities responsible for the security sector have to also be concerned about what is important for the citizens in order to feel safe, and for the increase of the confidence level in the sustainability of the undertaken reforms and policies in order to ensure the national security.

Experience of Managing Countertransference Through Self-Guided Imagery in Meditation Among Healthcare Professionals.

IntroductionAs a part of the therapeutic relationship, a significant, well-established predictor of outcomes in psychiatric healthcare, healthcare professionals' emotional reactions to patients may affect treatment outcomes.AimThe aim of our study was to explore and describe healthcare professionals' experiences with managing countertransference using skills from a training program on self-guided imagery in meditation (SIM).MethodFollowing an exploratory descriptive design, we conducted qualitative interviews with 10 healthcare professionals who care for patients with mental illness and subjected the collected data to thematic content analysis.ResultsParticipants reported that SIM had helped them to manage countertransference and had prompted changes that we categorized into three themes: managing personal vulnerability, setting clearer boundaries, and practicing self-care.ConclusionThe results suggest that by cultivating wellbeing and dealing with unresolved inner conflicts, SIM can help healthcare professionals to manage countertransference.

Path-generating moves in professional identity building: marriage migrant community interpreters and their institutional environments in South Korea

ABSTRACT This study examines the trajectory of the professional identity of marriage migrant community interpreters in South Korea. The overall literature exploring the identity of translators and interpreters has displayed a rather one-sided focus on either actors or institutional environments and less attention has been directed to their interactions. In contrast, this study highlights how conflicting interactions between marriage migrant community interpreters and their institutional environments facilitate path-generating moves in community interpreters' professional identity building. An empirical analysis based on over ten years of multiple data sources including a survey, in-depth interviews, and official documents, reveals that these community interpreters face contradictory job descriptions (i.e., simultaneous implementation of roles as compassionate community helper and impartial interpreter) and insufficient remuneration for their services. Faced with the South Korean government's disregard of their calls for improvement of these unfavorable institutional environments, these community interpreters have elaborated their identity beyond their stated job descriptions via voluntary social activities and have even searched for more clearly defined jobs outside of their current professions, such as in social work. The findings illustrate that interactions between actors and institutional environments help the actors to move towards a new phase to manage the unresolved conflicts over their identity.

Gene duplication to the Y chromosome in Trinidadian Guppies.

Differences in allele frequencies at autosomal genes between males and females in a population can result from two scenarios. First, unresolved sexual conflict over survival can produce allelic differentiation between the sexes. However, given the substantial mortality costs required to produce allelic differences between males and females at each generation, it remains unclear how many loci within the genome experience significant sexual conflict over survival. Alternatively, recent studies have shown that similarity between autosomal and Y sequences can create perceived allelic differences between the sexes. However, Y duplications are most likely in species with large nonrecombining regions, in part because they simply represent larger targets for duplications. We assessed the genomes of 120 wild-caught guppies, which experience extensive predation- and pathogen-induced mortality and have a relatively small ancestral Y chromosome. We identified seven autosomal genes that show allelic differences between male and female adults. Five of these genes show clear evidence of whole or partial gene duplication between the Y chromosome and the autosomes. The remaining two genes show evidence of partial homology to the Y. Overall, our findings suggest that the guppy genome experiences a very low level of unresolved sexual conflict over survival, and instead the Y chromosome, despite its small ancestral size and recent origin, may nonetheless accumulate genes with male-specific functions.

Integrating the Complementary Therapies of Energy Psychology and Dreamwork – the Dream to Freedom Method

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the integration of dreamwork and Energy Psychology (EP) can enhance outcomes in the treatment of a range of psychological disorders. The therapeutic process often begins with a peeling away of emotional layers until underlying issues surface. When utilizing dreamwork, however, it is possible to begin at a deeper level. Because dreams address salient unresolved emotional conflicts, dreamwork can quickly bring into consciousness previously unconscious emotional issues that are at the source of psychological difficulties. Utilizing techniques from energy psychology to process the material that emerges in dreams is a particularly potent way of engaging the emotional content of the dream and utilizing it to inform the dreamer’s self-understanding and direction. Energy Psychology, in its most frequently utilized format, the Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT), combines imaginal exposure and cognitive restructuring with the somatic stimulation of acupuncture points by tapping on them. More than 100 clinical trials demonstrate the unusual speed and clinical efficacy of EFT. The authors of this paper have combined dreamwork and EFT into a therapeutic protocol we call the Dream to Freedom (DTF) method. In addition to providing theoretical underpinnings of the approach, we present details of the use of the DTF protocol with seven subjects. In each case, underlying stressful memories triggering psychological symptoms were revealed, and the stress reaction to those specific memories was minimized or eliminated. In all seven case reports, DTF appears to have provided a systematic protocol for enhancing the emotional problem-solving function of dreams, providing each subject with insight towards creating future action steps.

Firearm injuries among children due to the Kivu conflict from 2017 to 2020: A hospital-based retrospective descriptive cohort study.

IntroductionFirearm-related injuries are deadly but avoidable. The case of Kivu, a region in the Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), is alarming. Decades of unresolved regional conflicts birthed armed groups that have massacred inhabitants and injured several children. This regional instability has also created barriers to seeking and obtaining timely care, decreasing the survival rate. This region's lack of data on paediatric fatal and nonfatal firearm injuries (F&NFFIs) needs studying. Thus, we aim to determine the prevalence and evaluate the outcomes of paediatric F&NFFIs in Kivu.MethodsWe included all F&NFFI paediatric patients (≤18 years), admitted at our institution between 2017 and 2020. We extracted data from patient records. Next, we assessed the relationship between determinants of paediatric outcomes using the Chi-square test and the student's t-test. Confounders were identified using cox regression.ResultsThis study included 101 paediatric patients, mostly male (63.4%), with an average age of 15.9 years residing 164.4 km on average from the hospital. On average, they were admitted 2.9 days post-injury, with the most affected anatomical regions being lower limbs (53.5%) and upper limbs (18.8%). The mean length of stay was 52.9 days, and the mortality rate was 4.0%. Also, injury complications increased the mean length of stay and mortality rate. In addition, mortality was correlated with circulatory failure and anaemia.DiscussionPaediatric F&NFFIs in Eastern DRC is a preventable tragedy. Mortality is increased by injury complications and correlates with some biological factors. Prevention strategies should be developed to protect children and appropriate measures should be established to improve rates of prehospital care and early hospital presentation to lower mortality and improve paediatric outcomes.

Can a tourist levy protect national park resources and compensate for wildlife crop damage? An empirical investigation

The nature-based tourism sector has experienced significant growth and is often promoted as a mechanism for conservation. The geographical boundaries of national parks are often adjacent to farming land which leads to animal-farmer conflict over wildlife crop damage. This leads to unresolved conflict in many countries where there is little or no compensation to farmers. This study investigates how and in what circumstances foreign tourist contributions can be utilized to protect and foster national park-based resources and compensate for wildlife (mainly elephant) related crop damage. We employ a novel discrete choice experiment to explore nature conservation preferences from international visitors at Yala national park in Sri Lanka. We find that tourists are willing to pay significantly more for nature conservation, especially elephant conservation, in the form of an embarkation tax. The findings further show visitor preferences for the creation of wildlife corridors and the establishment of water bodies as alternative conservation measures.