Unpublished Material Research Articles

HIIU-SUUREMÕISA AND KOLGA. TWO MANOR ENSEMBLES OF THE DE LA GARDIE AND STENBOCK FAMILIES IN THE MIRROR OF THE 17TH–18TH CENTURY NOBLE CULTURE

Kolga (Kolck) and Hiiu-Suuremõisa (Dagö-Grossenhof) are two ofthe most prominent manor ensembles in Estonia. Belonging to theDe la Gardie and Stenbock families, their architectural historieshave been thoroughly studied both in Sweden and Estonia. In the1930s, Professor Sten Karling compiled a survey of Jacob and MagnusGabriel De la Gardie’s projects for the castles of Haapsalu andKuressaare (Arensburg). Based on unpublished archival materials,the primary aim of this article is to introduce new data about theambitions and main trends of the Baltic high nobility in their farawayEstonian estates. The second and even more important task of theessay is to offer a new outlook on the building activities regardingthe Baltic villa rustica in its golden age within the Baltic aristocraticarchitecture. Beside the patrons of both manor ensembles – the Dela Gardies and Stenbocks, the author has studied multiple sources ofinternational and local architectural development in tandem with thearchival findings and comparative art-historical research, to shinea new light on the main trends of the Baltic cultural history of theEnlightenment period.

Enhancing Competitiveness of the Russian Higher Education: The 5-100 University Excellence Program through the Lens of Efficiency and Performance

ABSTRACT Recent decades have witnessed a distinct worldwide trend of launching national programs and projects to develop and expand a group of the so-called “world-class” universities with the aim of enhancing the quality and prestige of respective national systems of higher education. This article presents a case study that matches the results of 5–100 Project, an ambitious university excellence initiative in Russia (terminated in December 2020) against the originally set targets and criteria of success. In addition, the key elements of the project are compared to similar programs in other countries (e.g., the German Universities Excellence Initiative – Exzellenzinitiative). The following research questions determine the focus of the research efforts: (1) “What are the challenges in introducing university excellence programs in Russia and other countries? (2) What are the weaknesses of the program design and implementation? and 3) What strategy would likely ensure effective achievement of the program objectives?” Data are derived from published and unpublished materials, archival records, and interviews. Though primarily a comparative case study, this article offers implicit and explicit contributions to knowledge and literature on higher education systems worldwide. Institutional theory and resource dependence theory as well as political economy of “marketization” help frame a theoretical grounding for this primarily case study article. The undertaken study also seeks to contribute to the identification of key nationally and globally tied factors that define favorable conditions for enhancing excellence of higher educational institutions with measurable outcomes. It further outlines two major areas for further research on the subject.

Cosmology, Faith, Architecture—A Temple under the Sky: The Church of Saint Maximilian Kolbe in Varese

In my article, I propose a reflection about the Catholic church of Saint Maximilian Kolbe in Varese, Italy, designed by the architect Justus Dahinden at the end of the millennium. Despite the fact that this original sacred space has been imagined by a well-known designer, it still remains a neglected case study. In detail, the present research is about the method by which the architect included the divine element into contemporary architecture and how he facilitated the encounter with the transcendent. The first step focused on the assessment of unpublished materials, such as the architect’s early plan drafts, the executive drawings and the correspondence between the client and the designer. The following study was on Dahinden’s scripts and publications. In the second stage, I analyzed the space under the lens of the hermeneutical approach to highlight the importance of the proven experiences in the building, which is distinguished for its holistic qualities. Furthermore, symbolism plays a relevant role in communicating the evangelical message here, and it seems that Dahinden brought it to the extreme consequence; the entire building, the sequence of its spaces and its details strongly evoke a universal dimension, which pretends to go beyond the dogmatism which marks the traditional religious architecture.

Geocentric directional systems in Australia: a typology

AbstractThis paper presents the results of a survey of geocentric directional systems across Australia using published and unpublished material as well as fieldwork data, providing the first systematic overview of such systems in Australia. The 116 sampled varieties, spoken across diverse landscapes, exhibit variation within and across languages. Many make use of more than one directional system. This paper sets out to create a systematic typological overview of geocentric directionals in Australia taking into account cultural and topographic salience, revisiting existing classifications of directional systems.

1869 ÂSÂR-I ATÎKA NİZÂMNÂMESİ ÖNCESİNDE ESKİ ESERLER HUKUKU VE KURALLARI BULUNUYOR MUYDU?

This article aims to address the question of law, administrative rules and custom concerning the antiquities in Ottoman territory in the period before the 13th of February 1869 when the “Âsâr-ı Atîka Nizâmnâme,” came into force, which has repeatedly been said to be the Ottoman state’s first regulation of archaeological resources, if this is not said in respect to that promulgated in 1874, or even that of 1884, which has repeatedly been the case in the modern works on this subject published over the past thirty years. The resources employed in this research include previously unpublished Ottoman archival material concerning antiquities, addressing the matter of Ottoman antiquities regulations, as there are Ottoman Emirnâme, and administrative regulations, that include the forbidding of the export of antiquities from Ottoman territory, and placing limits upon foreign antiquarian research and on digging/excavation at ancient sites, as elsewhere in Ottoman territory in the period before 1869. The regulation of 1869 simply codified the earlier legal administrative practice concerning antiquities. For example, on the 30th of August, 1852, Edhem Paşa, was warned that care should be taken to prevent the selling of antiquities to foreigners; in a document dated 4th of May, 1865, it is seen that certain rules should be followed in excavation permits related to historical artifacts in the Ottoman State.
 The evidence from non-Ottoman sources clearly shows that Ottoman law, rule and custom forbidding the export of antiquities without explicit permission was certainly in force in the 17th century, more than two centuries before the era of Tanzimat. In 1623 the English ambassador to the Porte stated there was at that time, both law and custom forbidding the removal of antiquities from Ottoman territory. In consequence, the ambassador stated that secrecy and bribery were to be employed to remove antiquities from Ottoman territory. These same methods were likewise advised in publications of the the 18th and 19th centuries. This article suggests that a reason for the repeated emphasis in the modern literature upon the Âsâr-ı Atîka Nizâmnâme of 1869, of 1874 and of 1884, is that this serves in effect to legalize a rather large quantity of antiquities that were removed illegally, through secrecy and bribery, without permission, from Ottoman territory in the period before 1869 which are today in a wide variety of museums and collections abroad.

Biodiversity of macrophyte communities and associated aquatic organisms in lakes of the Vologda Region (north-western Russia).

BackgroundThis paper provides current data on the biodiversity of boreal lakes of the Vologda Region (north-western Russia), including macrophytes (vascular plants and macroscopic algae) and macrophyte inhabitants (invertebrates and microalgae). The raw data, given in two datasets (Sampling event dataset and an Occurrence dataset) and presented in the form of GBIF-mediated data, were collected from 139 lakes (macrophytes between 2005 and 2021, macrophyte inhabitants between 2014 and 2020). The dataset contains materials on the diversity of vascular plants (Tracheophyta, 3225 occurrences; Bryophyta, 155; Marchantiophyta, 16), macro- and microalgae (Ochrophyta, 546 occurrences; Chlorophyta, 193; Charophyta, 153; Cyanobacteria, 139; Cryptophyta, 86; Myzozoa, 33; Euglenozoa, 27; Rhodophyta, 8; Bigyra, 1) and aquatic invertebrates (Arthropoda, 1408 occurrences; Annelida, 487; Mollusca, 263; Platyhelminthes, 36; Cnidaria, 11). This paper summarises previously unpublished materials in a standardised form.New informationThe paper summarises the data collected during the long-term phytodiversity studies in a series of lakes of different types (Vologda Region, north-western Russia). Data on algae and invertebrates diversity were obtained in 60 different plant communities of aquatic, semi-aquatic and coastal plants or their combinations. A total of 6787 occurrences were included in the dataset, published in the global biodiversity database (GBIF) for the first time. According to the GBIF taxonomic backbone, the dataset comprised 837 taxa, including 711 lower-rank taxa (species, subspecies, varieties, forms). New records of 47 species rare and protected in the Vologda Region are given: 43 species of plants, three species of animals and one species of Cyanobacteria.

Two Russian Foundational Collections at Columbia University Library: Witte & Warburg

ABSTRACT This article sheds light upon an important though widely forgotten episode of Russian American history, illustrating the efforts of prominent Russian statesman, Count Sergei Witte, to educate Americans about his native land. While touring Columbia University in the summer of 1905 and discovering the absence of documents and works relating to Russian economic and social conditions in its library, Witte ordered various Russian governmental agencies to arrange for collections of their most important publications to be shipped there. Matching previously unpublished archival materials in the Russian State Historical Archive (RGIA) with corresponding records at Columbia made it possible to illuminate the generous imperial gift of thousands of volumes of official publications, which became the foundation of the Slavic section of Columbia University Library. The article also touches upon the role of prominent members of the Columbia University Board of Trustees in welcoming Count Witte and expands on Warburg’s donation that allowed Columbia to subscribe to many important papers and purchase books and pamphlets relating to the first Russian revolution.

A method for defining the CORE of a psychosocial intervention to guide adaptation in practice: Reciprocal imitation teaching as a case example.

Interventions that support social communication include several "components," or parts (e.g. strategies for working with children and families, targeting specific skills). Some of these components may be essential for the intervention to work, while others may be recommended or viewed as helpful but not necessary for the intervention to work. "Recommended" components are often described as "adaptable" because they can be changed to improve fit in different settings where interventions are offered or with different individuals. We need to understand which parts of an intervention are essential (and which are adaptable) when translating interventions from research to community settings, but it is challenging to do this before studying an intervention in the community. This article presents the CORE (COmponents & Rationales for Effectiveness) Fidelity Method-a new method for defining the essential components of evidence-based interventions-and applies it to a case example of Reciprocal Imitation Teaching, an intervention that parents are taught to deliver with their young children with social communication delays. The CORE Fidelity Method involves three steps: (1) gathering information from multiple sources; (2) integrating information from previous research and theory; and (3) drafting a CORE model for ongoing use. The benefits of using the CORE Fidelity Method may include: (1) improving consistency in intervention and research materials to help all providers emphasize the most important skills or strategies; (2) clarifying which parts of the intervention can be adapted; and (3) supporting future research that evaluates which intervention components work and how they work.

The First National Hygiene Exposition in Belgrade in 1933

The paper is about the First National Hygiene Exposition in Belgrade in 1933. It was one of the most significant events and an important part of the cultural policy in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia at that time. It was also the last one in a series of great events under the high patronage of King Aleksandar I Karadjordjevic. In order to make research in the novelties the exposition introduced, the thus far unpublished archival material has been studied along with the situation drawings of the complex and the restaurant, photo documentation and the exposition presentation in the newspapers of the time, as well as the published material. The aim of the paper is to emphasize the significance of the exposition, its dominant health and education concept with regard to social improvements for the benefit of the general public, all in the context of the period and under conditions it was organized. The paper also aims at presenting a comprehensive view of the exposition impact on the history of the Serbian and Yugoslav medicine, as well as the modernization of the society on the whole. The paper also includes the hitherto unpublished archival material, plans, photographs, brochures? front pages and so on.

COVID-19 and the Ethics of Whom to Treat First: A Utilitarian Approach

The scarcity of resources in healthcare is always a problem. The problem is worsened by rising cases of coronavirus, mounting pressure on the available limited resources. The ethical issue emanating from this situation is the problem of whom to treat first. In the midst of scarce medical resources, who shall receive medical attention first? Between an ordinary patient and victim of coronavirus, between the critical and mild victim, and between the aged and the young, who shall be treated first? The paper adopted a utilitarian approach in solving the problem. The finding is that the number of persons to benefit from treating a particular patient, duration of treatment, age and health condition of the patient, chances of recovery, and quality of life after recovery are factors to be considered in taking the ethical decision. The work is qualitative research using library materials such as journal articles, books and unpublished materials as sources of data, while hermeneutics and philosophical analysis are applied in studying them.

Социально-культурный и политический облик волостных сообществ в 1917-1918 гг. На материалах Шенкурского уезда Архангельской губернии

The article attempts to reconstruct socio-cultural and political image of a particular local community formed in a specific life environment, which influenced the behavior patterns of the population in the period of radical transformation. Analysis of the problem promotes a profound understanding of diverse revolutionary processes of 1917. The paper draws heavily upon microhistory approach with its interrelations of cultural and social contexts. According to the approach, the historic events on both individual and local levels become subjects of research. The study draws on materials of parish communities of the Shenkursk uezd of the Arkhangelsk gubernia, reflecting social, economic, cultural, and mental features of the typical northern periphery and also traditional agricultural region of Central Russia. In the days of the Civil War, the Shenkursk uezd was the epicenter of armed struggles between Bolsheviks and anti-Bolsheviks. The source base consists of published and unpublished materials. The archival sources are retrieved from the fonds of the Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the Communes Union of the Northern Region (Central State Archive of St. Petersburg) and from the fonds of the Shenkursk Uezd Executive Committee of Workers’ and Peasants’ Deputies (State Archive of the Arkhangelsk region).The authors conclude that multiple factors influenced the perception of the ongoing revolutionary processes and choosing of the behavior patterns during the Revolution and the Civil War: economic activities, social status, age, educational background, political beliefs. Yet, pragmatic approach to life, inherent to their outlook, forced peasants to adapt their behavior to the rapidly changing environment. The research indicates that the rural population of the Shenkursk uezd, boasting high socio-cultural characteristics, was notable for their political involvement in the revolutionary processes of 1917–18. Political preferences of the population were multifaceted; they changed throughout the time, thus revealing the whole complexity of objective and subjective factors of the revolutionary process in Russia.

ОХРАНА НИКОЛАЯ II ВО ВРЕМЯ ПОЕЗДКИ В НИЖНИЙ НОВГОРОД В 1913 Г.

The purpose of the article to analyze of the plans for security measures to ensure the safety of Nicholas II and his family members during their stay in Nizhny Novgorod and while traveling to Kostroma in May 1913. The author draws attention to the fact that this trip was undertaken as part of the jubilee celebrations in honor of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty. It is stressed that the actuality of this research lies in the fact that the development of the Security Guard Service in modern Russia needs to rely on historical experience. The author emphasizes that the search for optimal forms and methods of implementing of the state protection function makes to turn to previously developed methods. Much attention is given to the methods used in planning and conducting large-scale security measures. The accumulated experience of planning and conducting the jubilee celebrations in honor of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty is of great importance. The study is based on unpublished materials from the collections of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Historical Archive. As a result, the author draws conclusions that the successful implementation of the jubilee celebration program in Nizhny Novgorod was ensured mainly due to the careful preparation of security measures. It included the advance development of a security plan, the separation of powers between individual units, the setting of specific tasks to responsible officials, and the implementation of a large set of preliminary security measures in places of the highest visit.

Учреждения начальной профессиональной музыкальной подготовки в России в 1990-е годы (на примере Ульяновской области)

Relevance. In the first decades of the XXI century, the quality of prefecting musical education occurred in Russia. Outlooking programs implemented in children's music schools and musical departments of children's art schools do not allow students to fully master the game on musical instruments and get vocal skills necessary to continue vocational education. The beneficial effect on the improvement of the named region may also have an analysis and subsequent introduction into the practice of past experience, the achievements of the preceding generations of compatriots. The purpose of this article is to cover approaches to the organization of educational activities and the educational process in institutions of initial professional music training of the Ulyanovsk region in the 1990s. The objectives of the study: to determine the basic principles of the state policy of the 1990s in the field of do-mestic education as a whole and musical education in particular; explore and summarize published and unpublished materials containing information on approaches to the organization of educational activities and educational process in the children's schools of the arts of the Ulyanovsk region in the 1990s. Methodology. Regulatory legal acts and archival documents were made as sources of this work. The study was also carried out with a support for published materials (monographs, articles). The paper used a number of scientific approaches, the main of which were the principle of objectivity, the method of system analysis, historical and comparative and historical and typological methods. Results. The study showed that in the 1990s, the Ulyanovsk region had accumulated positive experience in the implementation of educational programs in the field of musical art in institutions of primary professional music training, which can be used today. In particular, issues were effectively solved with the creation of the publicly available to this type of education, ensuring the continuity of the training of educational and continuity of educational programs. Conclusion. The results of the study seems to be able to use when creating educational programs in the field of musical art in the Russian Federation at the present stage.

СОЗДАНИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИЙСКИХ ИМПЕРАТОРОВ ВО ВРЕМЯ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫХ ПОЕЗДОК (1878–1881ГГ.)

The purpose of the article is to analyze the devel-opment of the Russian emperors’ security system during railway trips in 1878-1881. The relevance of the study is determined by the need to clarify the reasons that contributed to the success of the members of the revolutionary organ-ization “Narodnaya Volya”, who sought to kill Alex-ander II, as well as to specify the circumstances of the creation of a security system for Alexander III. To a certain extent, As a result, the authors come to the conclusion that the findings of the study are valuable for the history of domestic railway transport and transport security. The work is based on unpublished materials from the collections of the Russian State Historical Archive and the Manuscripts Department of the Russian State Library.

Unpacking the behavioural components and delivery features of early childhood obesity prevention interventions in the TOPCHILD Collaboration: a systematic review and intervention coding protocol

IntroductionLittle is known about how early (eg, commencing antenatally or in the first 12 months after birth) obesity prevention interventions seek to change behaviour and which components are or are...

Гоголь и Школа юнкеров (Из комментария к письмам Гоголя А.С. Данилевскому)

The article provides new information on Gogol’s biography in his early years in St. Petersburg (1829–1831). In particular, it gives new facts and hypotheses concerning Gogol’s social circle, interests and plans during this period. The author of the article carries out a detailed analysis of Gogol’s letters to his closest friend A.S. Danilevsky. Alexander Danilevsky arrived in the capital together with Gogol and entered the School of Cavalry Junkers and Ensigns of the Guard in the spring of 1829. Some names and circumstances mentioned in Gogol’s letters to Danilevsky have so far remained unclear to commentators. The article reveals the meaning of these realities due to the involvement of previously unpublished archival materials, as well as some newspaper reports and little-known memoirs of contemporaries. As follows from the letters, Gogol knew well the everyday life, manners and interests of the School’s students and teachers. This knowledge can be seen in his later literary work, for example in the numerous images of middle-ranking officers, from Lieutenant Pirogov in “Nevsky Prospect” to nameless minor characters: lieutenants in “Dead Souls,” “The Inspector General,” “Litigation,” “Ivan Fedorovich Shponkа,” etc.

Календарные обряды и праздники алтайцев и телеутов: классификация и общая характеристика

The paper is devoted to the classification and general characteristics of the calendar rituals and holidays of the Altaians and Teleuts. The research material covers published and unpublished archival and field material of the ritual folklore of the Altaians and Teleuts. For the first time, a general classification of the calendar rites of the annual cycle is given, taking into account the lunar calendar: winter, spring-summer and autumn rites. Winter calendar rituals and holidays of the Altaians are connected with the New Year celebrations (Chaga Bairam) according to the Eastern calendar when a pagan ritual of feeding the fire (san salar) is performed. The ritual actions typical of other rites appear in Dyilgayak ritual for welcoming spring. The spring-summer and autumn calendar rites performed by the Altaians, both southern and northern, are associated with the rite of sacrifice to the earth (Dyazhyl Byur and Sary Byur, Kocho-Khan). In well-wishing, the glorification of the earth (Jer-suu), Altai, deities of the highest pantheon is a cross-cutting theme. Altai songs (jangar kozhong) performed during these rituals are also aimed at praising Altai, the forces of light. The main motifs of game ritual well-wishes and tabyr songs during the autumn ritual of fertility, Kocha-Khan, are the motifs of fertility and increasing wealth. A distinctive feature of the Teleuts’ winter calendar rituals is such ritual genres as Christmas carols yurei and tabyr performed in spring and autumn rites of worship of the earth.

Toward Engaged Scholarship: Knowledge Inclusivity and Collaborative Collection Development between Academic Libraries and Archives and Local Public Communities

In Open and Equitable Scholarly Communications , ACRL calls for more diverse and inclusive collection development (CD) by academic libraries and archives. Meanwhile, higher education is increasingly committing to community-engaged scholarship. This study investigated the extent to which academic libraries and archives are collecting, curating, and/or preserving knowledge produced by their local public communities. Researchers administered an electronic survey to relevant listservs and conducted follow-up interviews to develop a case study of one library’s efforts. Ninety of the initial 118 survey respondents (76%) indicated that their academic library intentionally collects, curates, and/or preserves materials created or owned by the local public community, with a majority working with minority or underrepresented populations in their communities. Respondents also reported working with unpublished archival material more than twice as often as nonarchival/circulating material, reflecting academia’s movement toward greater inclusion of traditionally excluded voices in the scholarly record. Additional research is needed for a host of issues raised by this work, in particular the relationship between university-community collection development and student learning. Library leaders can promote university-community engagement and knowledge diversity by incorporating local community knowledge into their collection development commitments and practices and tying this work to the parent institution’s strategic plan.

Bridging the Baltic Sea

This article examines the international contacts of German medical historians in the first decade of the Cold War, using the example of Heinz Goerke (1917-2014), who worked as a physician and medical historian in Sweden in the 1950s. Using unpublished source material from Goerke’s estate, the article traces Goerke’s stay in Sweden and his interactions with Scandinavian and German scholars. The analysis of an extensive correspondence allows insights into the research network in which Goerke was embedded. The origins of this network lay in the pre-war period, when Goerke’s mentor Paul Diepgen (1878-1966) established the first connections to Scandinavia, from which Goerke benefited 20 years later. The article also reconstructs the motives for the move from Berlin to Sweden, Goerke’s research interests in medical history, and the influence of the Cold War on life courses and careers in the early postwar period.

О концепции этнолингвистического мифологического словаря алтайцев

The paper presents the conception of the Mythological Dictionary of the Altaians, the principles of description and thematic classification of mytholexemes. The conception of the mythological dictionary is outlined. The dictionary’s development takes into account the specifics of the national worldview. The purpose and objectives of the dictionary are formulated; the material and research methods are characterized; the description and characteristics of the structure of the dictionary and dictionary entry are given; the basic principles of glossary formation are highlighted. The compiled dictionary refers to the linguoculturological explanatory dictionary type. The main principles for choosing mythemes were: (1) complete or partial inconsistency of the mythological significate (the conceptual content of a name or sign) with the referent (an object of extralinguistic reality); (2) mythologism, or the presence in the semantics of the word of a reduced myth; (3) conceptual content that is not limited to the lexical meaning of the word, and the semantics of the mythological concept revealed by its historical, ethnographic, figurative, evaluative components; (4) stability and variability of the mytholexeme in the mythology and folklore of a given ethnic group or area. The identified mytholexemes were classified based on their part-of-speech affiliation, word-formation pattern, and conceptual content. In addition to the mythological vocabulary of the southern Altaians (Altai-Kizhi, Telengits, Teleuts), the dictionary includes the vocabulary of the northern dialect groups (Chalkans, Kumandins, Tubalars). The dictionary is illustrated by contexts from published and unpublished sources, archival and field materials, texts of different genres that contain myths, legends, mythological stories, legends, heroic tales, and ritual texts of the Altaians. The dictionary has thematic sections: “The World of Deities and Spirits”, “The World of Nature”, “The World of Man”, “The World of Things”. The thematic section “The World of Deities and Spirits” includes subsections: deities and spirits of the Upper World, deities and spirits of the Lower World, deities and spirits of the Middle World, the world tree. The section “The World of Nature” consists of subsections: planets and stars, natural phenomena, metals and minerals, flora and fauna. The section “The World of Man” includes subsections: man and his soul, parts of the body, heroes, social roles; birth; time and calendar; cult objects; food; ritual actions. The section “The World of Things” contains subsections: buildings and household items; weapon; clothing and jewelry; cultural items. A special subsection contains lexemes expressing numerical and color features of objects. The bilingual explanatory Mythological Dictionary of the Altaians acquaints the reader with the mythological concepts, ideas of this ethnic group that go deep into their ancient pagan beliefs and shamanism. It can be in demand not only in studies of the mythology and beliefs of the Altaians, but also among a wide circle of readers interested in the culture of the Turkic and other peoples of Siberia. The author declares no conflicts of interests.