Unlimited Resources Research Articles

Two-Layer Stackelberg Game-Based Offloading Strategy for Mobile Edge Computing Enhanced FiWi Access Networks

Carbon footprints of both computation and communications infrastructures attract growing public attention, raising concerns about global warming and motivating research efforts in developing energy-efficient solutions. Since Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) access networks have succeeded in interconnecting our digitalized world and mobile/multi-access edge computing (MEC) further removes unnecessary data transmission from optical backbone networks, MEC enhanced FiWi emerges as the win-win architecture for resource-hungry and delay-sensitive mobile apps. However, the assumption of unlimited and free resources offered by FiWi infrastructure is impractical, and energy-efficient offloading mechanisms for MEC enhanced FiWi still remain underexplored, conflicting with globally advocated green communications. This motivates us to design the Two-layer Stackelberg Game based Offloading (TSGO) strategy, including the FiWi layer and mobile edge computation offloading (MeCo) layer subgames capturing bandwidth allocation and offloading decision respectively. Then the backward induction and an iterative algorithm are exploited to acquire the Nash equilibrium of the two-layer Stackelberg game. Furthermore, we propose three energy efficiency benchmarks from both user-side and system-wide perspectives to evaluate mechanisms proposed for, but not limited to, FiWi, MEC, or a combination thereof. Simulation results validate the proposed TSGO strategy, which echoes the profound notion of green communications.

National response strategies and marketing innovations during the COVID-19 pandemic

During the COVID-19 pandemic, different nations have adopted a variety of response strategies to fight and contain the new coronavirus. Such national response strategies can be classified into three categories based on their underlying philosophy: strict control with unlimited resources, relentless contribution with limited resources, and rough rationality with limited resources. We discuss the philosophies, characteristics, and performances of the three response strategies and when they should be adopted. We also examine what marketing innovation strategies enterprises should adopt to survive and grow their businesses in both the short and long term. This study provides important strategic implications for national policymakers and enterprises on the use of response strategies as well as marketing innovation tactics and strategies to be used both during and after the pandemic.

Ortak Mülkiyet Çerçevesinde İklim Değişikliği Sorununun Çözümünde Kyoto Protokolü’nün Etkisi

Gunumuzde cevre sorunlari iklim degisikligi uzerinden tartisilmaktadir. Iklim degisikligi, kuresel duzeyde insan varligini tehdit etmektedir. 1990’larda neoliberal politikalarin etkisinde, dogal kaynaklarin hesapsizca kullanimi, gezegenin ekosisteminin bozulmasinin onemli nedenlerinden biri olmustur. Sanayilesmenin uluslararasi niteligi, cevre sorunlarinin da kuresel duzeyde tartisilir olmasi sonucunu getirmistir. Bu yuzden gunumuzde devletler, ortak bir sorun olarak iklim degisikligini tartismaya ve ortak cevre politikalariyla cozum uretmeye calismaktadirlar. Devletler ortak bir mulkiyet olarak dogal kaynaklarin kullanimini sinirlandirmak ve bu kaynaklarin kalitesinin devamliligini saglamak icin ortak hareket ederek iklim degisikliginin onune gecmek arzusundadirlar. Bu calismada, 1980’lerden sonra neoliberal politikalarin etkisiyle kuresel pazara donuk rekabetin sinirsiz dogal kaynak kullanimini tesvik eden ortaminda, ortak mulkiyet (common property) kavrami uzerinden uluslararasi cevre politikalarinin onemi ve uluslararasi isbirliginde ortak cevre yonetimi sorunu tartisilacaktir. Calismada ele alinan sorun, 2005’te yururluge giren ve karbon gazi salinimini azaltma amaci ile devletlere yaptirim uygulayan Kyoto Protokolu uzerinden degerlendirilmeye calisilacaktir.

Recent Advances in Thermochemical Energy Storage via Solid–Gas Reversible Reactions at High Temperature

The exploitation of solar energy, an unlimited and renewable energy resource, is of prime interest to support the replacement of fossil fuels by renewable energy alternatives. Solar energy can be used via concentrated solar power (CSP) combined with thermochemical energy storage (TCES) for the conversion and storage of concentrated solar energy via reversible solid–gas reactions, thus enabling round the clock operation and continuous production. Research is on-going on efficient and economically attractive TCES systems at high temperatures with long-term durability and performance stability. Indeed, the cycling stability with reduced or no loss in capacity over many cycles of heat charge and discharge of the material is pursued. The main thermochemical systems currently investigated are encompassing metal oxide redox pairs (MOx/MOx−1), non-stoichiometric perovskites (ABO3/ABO3−δ), alkaline earth metal carbonates and hydroxides (MCO3/MO, M(OH)2/MO with M = Ca, Sr, Ba). The metal oxides/perovskites can operate in open loop with air as the heat transfer fluid, while carbonates and hydroxides generally require closed loop operation with storage of the fluid (H2O or CO2). Alternative sources of natural components are also attracting interest, such as abundant and low-cost ore minerals or recycling waste. For example, limestone and dolomite are being studied to provide for one of the most promising systems, CaCO3/CaO. Systems based on hydroxides are also progressing, although most of the recent works focused on Ca(OH)2/CaO. Mixed metal oxides and perovskites are also largely developed and attractive materials, thanks to the possible tuning of both their operating temperature and energy storage capacity. The shape of the material and its stabilization are critical to adapt the material for their integration in reactors, such as packed bed and fluidized bed reactors, and assure a smooth transition for commercial use and development. The recent advances in TCES systems since 2016 are reviewed, and their integration in solar processes for continuous operation is particularly emphasized.

ADOPTION OF INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AMONG THE STUDENTS AT TERTIARY LEVEL: BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVES

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is extensively being used for educational purpose because it helps to make both learning and teaching effective and meaningful. Again, it shrinks the obstacles of habitual learning systems like allowing students to access unlimited educational resources and providing required data timely. Bangladesh has made marvelous betterment in this sector in the last couple of years especially in tertiary level. Now, it is high time to justify how the tertiary level students of Bangladesh are accepting ICT for learning. The study was conducted at the Noakhali Science and Technology University (NSTU) with randomly collected data from 250 students of various departments. It has justified the perceptions, behavior and expectations of tertiary level students towards the adoption of ICT. The results of this study are expected to be useful to the educational policymakers, institutions, educators and the relevant parties. KEYWORDS: ICT Adoption, ICT in Education, Tertiary Education, NSTU, Bangladesh.

Natural Products Attenuating Biosynthesis, Processing, and Activity of Ras Oncoproteins: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

RAS genes encode signaling proteins, which, in mammalian cells, act as molecular switches regulating critical cellular processes as proliferation, growth, differentiation, survival, motility, and metabolism in response to specific stimuli. Deregulation of Ras functions has a high impact on human health: gain-of-function point mutations in RAS genes are found in some developmental disorders and thirty percent of all human cancers, including the deadliest. For this reason, the pathogenic Ras variants represent important clinical targets against which to develop novel, effective, and possibly selective pharmacological inhibitors. Natural products represent a virtually unlimited resource of structurally different compounds from which one could draw on for this purpose, given the improvements in isolation and screening of active molecules from complex sources. After a summary of Ras proteins molecular and regulatory features and Ras-dependent pathways relevant for drug development, we point out the most promising inhibitory approaches, the known druggable sites of wild-type and oncogenic Ras mutants, and describe the known natural compounds capable of attenuating Ras signaling. Finally, we highlight critical issues and perspectives for the future selection of potential Ras inhibitors from natural sources.

Battling against cyberattacks: towards pre-standardization of countermeasures

Cyberattacks targeting ICT systems are becoming every day more sophisticated and disruptive. Such malevolent actions are performed by ill-motivated entities (governments, states, administrations, etc.), often featuring almost unlimited resources, but also by skilled individuals due to the accessibility of the attacks source code. In this alarming scenario, the selection of the optimal set of countermeasures to fire against those attacks represents a primary necessity. While significant effort has been made toward the standardization of the representation of security-related knowledge such as vulnerabilities, weaknesses, and attacks, the intelligence surrounding the countermeasures field received considerably less attention. The paper at hand aims at contributing to the reaction ecosystem by proposing a standard representation of the countermeasure instances. With such a proposition, we address one of the critical challenges found in the literature, that is, the absence of a commonly-shared definition of remediations. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we present several scenarios where some relevant countermeasures are efficiently enforced, resulting in mitigating the ongoing cyberthreat. Then, the advantages and disadvantages of our proposal are extensively discussed, opening the debate for novel and effective contributions in this research line.

Cloud Computing Security Issues: a Stakeholder’s Perspective

Cloud computing is a rising technology that has gained significant attention over past decades. It offers various features such as-on-demand access, broad-network access, unlimited resource pool, etc. Despite so many merits, cloud computing has been full several challenges. Security indeed has remained one of the biggest challenges. Researchers, all over world, have been working on designing different types of security mechanism which can work on different levels on cloud environment. However, the literature on cloud security is quite wide and touches several issues pertaining to different stakeholders. The current study addresses the above issue by presenting a detailed review of challenges of security that are faced by different stake holders, such as cloud service provider (CSP), cloud user (CU), etc. This study will help the various researchers to find all security concerns at one place with critical reviews.

Development and Analysis of Combinational Pico-Energy Generation Framework

Alternative energy is extracted via unlimited resources. Appropriate practice of energy assets is a great debate heading these times. It is extremely significant to determine of which resource needs to be employed and for what reason. Number of points just like cleanness, expense, steadiness, effectiveness and so geographical impacts needs to be considered. Because of India getting the world’s 4th leading emitter of Carbon Dioxide, it is vital to figure out what precisely the India's exhausts are presently as well as, just where these may be advancing. Considering India’s early on level of monetary evolution, poor per-capita exhausts and so its significant populace, certainly, there is distinctive probability to get its exhausts to boost. Hence, certainly, there is a requirement of option to lessen this carbon foot printing as per Kyoto protocol. Hence, this paper presents the methodology to lower the carbon foot printing by means of combinational Pico-energy generation.

Lemon Exosome-like Nanoparticles-Manipulated Probiotics Protect Mice from C.d iff Infection.

SummaryClostridioides difficile (C. diff) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated colitis. Here, we report that lemon exosome-like nanoparticles (LELNs) manipulated probiotics to inhibit C. diff infection (CDI). LELN-manipulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Streptococcus thermophilus ST-21 (STH) (LELN-LS) decrease CDI mortality via an LELN-mediated increase in bile resistance and gut survivability. LELN-LS treatment increases the AhR ligands indole-3-lactic acid (I3LA) and indole-3-carboxaldehyde (I3Ald), leading to induction of IL-22, and increases lactic acid leading to a decrease of C. diff fecal shedding by inhibiting C. diff growth and indole biosynthesis. A synergistic effect between STH and LGG was identified. The STH metabolites inhibit gluconeogenesis of LGG and allow fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) to accumulate in LGG; accumulated FBP then activates lactate dehydrogenase of LGG (LGG-LDH) and enhances production of lactic acid and the AhR ligand. Our findings provide a new strategy for CDI prevention and treatment with a new type of prebiotics.

Group key agreement over free-space optical links

Free-space optical (FSO) communications can offer secure connectivity thanks to the high directionality of the laser beam and the line-of-sight configuration. These security advantages are employed to realize high-speed key establishment between two distant parties, which is provably secure against an eavesdropper with unlimited computational resources. Besides, a well-maintained laser beam divergence allows group key agreement (GKA) among multiple parties. Here, we propose a novel method of GKA over FSO link—FSO-GKA. After numerically characterizing fundamental behaviors, we present a proof-of-concept demonstration of FSO-GKA using a 7.8-km terrestrial link. We achieve a group key rate of roughly 8 Mbps over a 58dB-loss channel based on 10-MHz on-off keying. We also investigate information leakage risks under several atmospheric conditions, which provides the basis for security certification of FSO-GKA. Our proposed scheme shows a new way to construct high-speed key exchange platforms.

A collective attestation scheme towards cloud system

Considering cloud computing continues to grow and flourish, the increasing number of cloud infrastructures results in unlimited resources and convenient pay-as-you-go services, which makes it essential to ensure software integrity (including OS, apps, and configurations) on such massive devices to guarantee both privacy and safety. As a key technical solution, remote attestation allows a remote entity to validate integrity state of targeted cloud devices. Aiming to attest the real integrity state of cloud system and improve scalability and efficiency of existing scheme, a Collective Attestation scheme towards Cloud System named CACS is presented in this paper. First, in order to promote scalability, CACS proposes an attestation scheme based on cooperation between cloud servers. Second, to increase efficiency, CACS puts forward Attestation Relationship Tree structure, which could determine the cooperative objects and tasks during the collective attestation. Besides, identity-based aggregation signature technology is adopted to quickly verify the authenticity of integrity report about cloud servers. To evaluate the efficiency and scalability, CACS is simulated in a large-scale cloud system. Experimental results show that not only is CACS able to effectively prove a cloud system of 30,000 nodes in 19.9 s, but also it could perform well in terms of scalability compared to current cloud system attestation schemes.

KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR MENUJU PEMBELAJAR YANG BAHAGIA

The spread of COVID 19 throughout the world, especially in Indonesia has changed the way how people live. Some significant changes including medical, education, economy, and social relations. The use of technology and the internet are necessity for people in adapting to the corona viruses’ impact. Indonesia’s government has issued policy to learn from home, so that the face of education in this country has changed significantly. Learning is no longer done in schools building because learning can be done anywhere, anytime, with unlimited learning resources in internet. However, this flexibility in learning has not been supported by the learner readiness in many level of education, including in higher education. There are complaints from student related to the distance learning system. Psychology programs are needed in order to improve students' soft skills in managing their learning to be a self-regulated learner, so that they can manage the obstacles they face, and be happy in undergoing the distance learning process.

Multiphase estimation without a reference mode

Multiphase estimation is a paradigmatic example of a multiparameter problem. When measuring multiple phases embedded in interferometric networks, specially-tailored input quantum states achieve enhanced sensitivities compared with both single-parameter and classical estimation schemes. Significant attention has been devoted to defining the optimal strategies for the scenario in which all of the phases are evaluated with respect to a common reference mode, in terms of optimal probe states and optimal measurement operators. As well, the strategies assume unlimited external resources, which is experimentally unrealistic. Here, we optimize a generalized scenario that treats all of the phases on an equal footing and takes into account the resources provided by external references. We show that the absence of an external reference mode reduces the number of simultaneously estimatable parameters, owing to the immeasurability of global phases, and that the symmetries of the parameters being estimated dictate the symmetries of the optimal probe states. Finally, we provide insight for constructing optimal measurements in this generalized scenario. The experimental viability of this work underlies its immediate practical importance beyond fundamental physics.

Influence of Innovation Strategy on the Competitive Advantage and Knowledge Management of Coastal Port Enterprises

Wang, B., 2020. Influence of innovation strategy on the competitive advantage and knowledge management of coastal port enterprises. In: Bai, X. and Zhou, H. (eds.), Advances in Water Resources, Environmental Protection, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 115, pp. 151-153. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.With the continuous strengthening of our country's comprehensive national strength, our country's economic and political board are close to the international border, whether political exchanges or economic exchanges. As an important channel for our country's export and internal introduction, coastal ports are a development area that the country attaches great importance to. Therefore, for the development of coastal port enterprises, the state and people are very concerned about how to enhance the competitive advantage of coastal port enterprises. And gradually to improve and build a development system step by step, and knowledge energy, as the most respected unlimited recycling resources, is able to become a coastal port enterprises to achieve the high-speed development of the quality of leapfrogging a very core source, so coastal port enterprises to rely on the power of knowledge, unlimited accumulation and renewal of knowledge, and let these important convergence, become coastal port enterprises in the fierce competition in the domestic and international can obtain the best choice of power and development direction.

Abstract 6150: The role of oxidative phosphorylation in a novel iPSC <->derived model of osteosarcomagenesis

Abstract Osteosarcoma is the most common bone malignancy in childhood and early adolescence. Thirty percent of patients with the rare genetic disorder Type II Rothmund- Thomson Syndrome (RTS) develop osteosarcoma. Patients with Type II RTS have biallelic mutations in the RECQL4 gene, which encodes an ATP dependent DNA helicase. Unfortunately, many attempts to model RTS associated osteosarcoma have not been successful. Here, we describe a patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model capable of recapitulating the process of osteosarcomagenesis. The main goal of our inquiry is to develop a new model to study osteosarcoma in order to elucidate cellular pathways important in osteosarcomagenesis that are potential therapeutic targets. RTS patient fibroblasts were reprogrammed to iPSCs, then subsequently differentiated to mesenchymal stem cells. These cells were validated as pluripotent and then further differentiated to early and late osteoblasts, the potential precursors of osteosarcoma. This model of osteoblast development provides an unlimited resource for inquiry into the molecular mechanism of osteosarcomagenesis. Clear advantages of the iPSC derived osteoblasts include the isogenic nature of the cells, as these iPSC-derived osteoblasts retain the genetic fidelity of the patient from which they were derived. We have also isolated matched parental cells and similarly reprogrammed and differentiated them in order to provide ideal matched controls with clinical relevance, as the parents are heterozygous for the same RECQL4 mutation, yet do not develop osteosarcoma. We believe these cells are the ideal model to study the molecular mechanism associated with RTS-associated osteosarcoma. In order to gain better insight into osteosarcoma pathophysiology, we utilized the iPSC-derived osteoblasts to perform RNAseq and subsequent GSEA and DEseq2 analyses. From these transcriptional studies, we have found dysregulation of oxidative phosphorylation in the RTS patient samples compared to their parental controls. We specifically observe differences in complexes I, III, and IV of the electron transport chain. Interestingly, we also observe changes in vacuolar ATPases that are function to increase proton concentration in the cell and within the extracellular environment. This is consistent with phenomena observed in other cancers, which have been observed to have a similar increase in v-ATPases on the plasma membrane. Inhibitors of these complexes provide us with a starting point to address new therapeutic options for patients. Citation Format: Brittany Ellis Jewell, An Xu, Dandan Zhu, Linchao Lu, Ruiying Zhao, Lisa L. Wang, Dung-Fang Lee. The role of oxidative phosphorylation in a novel iPSC <->derived model of osteosarcomagenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 6150.

The missing generations: The Church in Wales and young people

This is an account of the Youth Specialist’s Gathering which took place in Cardiff, South Wales in the latter months of 2019. It explores the combined thinking of a team of experts drawn from various strands of Christian youth work across Wales who together reflected upon how the church connects with young people today. As part of the process they looked at communication, issues/pressures on young people, and ecclesiology, but the main purpose of the gathering was to address a primary question: Given unlimited resources what would you do to better enable young people to encounter Jesus across Wales? The hoped-for outcome was to give direction to the church in Wales in its desire to help facilitate more young people encountering God across the country. The gathering looked at how we communicate, the specific issues young people are facing—sexting and self-harm were particulalrly identifed. The conclusion was intriguing in that overwhelmingly the key elements were relationship and connection.

Effect of Stacking Sequence on Mechanical Properties and Moisture Absorption Characteristic of Hybrid PALF/Glass Fiber Composites

Applications of natural reinforcements such as pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) have increased considerably due to unlimited resources from the nature. Hybridization of fiber reinforced composites promoted various advantages such as low weight, low cost, biodegradable and eco-friendly products having unique properties. This study aims to assess the effect of stacking sequences on the moisture absorption characteristics and mechanical properties of hybrid PALF (P) and glass fiber (G) reinforced polymer composites. The accelerated moisture absorption test as well as flexural and tensile experiments were conducted on the pure PALF and the hybrid PALF/glass fiber reinforced epoxy composites with three different stacking sequences of PGPG, GPPG and PGGP. The fractured surface of the specimens was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Fickian diffusion theory was applied to characterize the composite moisture absorption behavior. Results indicated that the pure PALF laminated composite absorbs a higher percentage of moisture than the hybrid composites, which causes the higher degradation of the mechanical properties of pure PALF composite compared to the hybrid composites. The stacking sequences of the PALF and the glass fiber have significant influence on the diffusion rate of water into the composites. The results of the tension and the flexural experiments showed that the hybrid composites have superior mechanical properties compared to the non-hybrid fiber composite with the percentage increases of the flexural and the tensile strength up to 119 % and 153 %, respectively. The hybrid composite with alternate stacking configuration, i.e. PGPG, revealed the highest flexural and tensile strengths of 170.13 MPa and 119.21 MPa, respectively. In addition, the SEM observation displayed better interfacial bonding between the fiber and the matrix in the hybrid composite with PGPG stacking sequence compared to the other specimens.

Asymmetry of Visual Perception When Choosing Products: Methods and Algorithms of Neuromarketing

Consumer behavior is a complex and multi-step process. It is necessary to study consumer choice with different alternatives and choice parameters, which will allow us to identify behavioral characteristics in different demographic groups. The article deals with theoretical and practical issues of consumer behavior when choosing food. The article uses classical marketing methods and neuromarketing approaches. Based on this comprehensive approach, an assessment of the structure of food consumption was carried out, as well as a pilot study of the characteristics of consumer choice depending on gender characteristics.The study of statistical data showed that the decline in real incomes of the population in Russia affected the structure of food consumption. There is a decrease in the volume of demand for meat, vegetables, and fruits, which is associated with a decrease in the population's ability to pay and an increase in the level of poverty.Gender characteristics in the consumer's preferred and actually purchased products were identified using the neuromarketing research methodology. Thus, it was determined that the speed of decision-making when choosing products is higher for women than for men, since women are more frequent buyers. The high speed of decision-making by women is most likely a result of emotional choice of products. Using visual advertising signals can increase attention to incentives and increase motivation. It was also found that in the absence of external restrictions: the number of products chosen and sufficient financial resources, women consumers are strongly influenced by internal restrictions, but men tend to take risks. Women try to be Thrifty, choosing a standard set of products that make up their diet, men in conditions of unlimited financial resources tend to buy expensive goods without thinking about the costs. The study of consumer choice between those products that were visually noticed and those that were selected as a result of the survey showed that there is a significant asymmetry between what is desired and what is chosen. To assess the level of asymmetry of visual attention, we proposed a method for assessing the asymmetry of consumer preferences, the use of which allows us to assess the gap between the desired and purchased goods. Based on the coefficient of asymmetry of consumer preferences, it is possible to assess the level of consumer imbalance and timely prevent social and economic dissatisfaction in different gender groups. The possibility of changing consumer choice under the influence of various stimulating factors is proved. The results obtained can be used in the practical activities of food retailers and food manufacturers when promoting their products with gender differences in mind. The results also need to be taken into account when developing government strategies for developing the food market and supporting healthy lifestyles and changing consumer culture.

Utilizing Social Networking Sites for Reinforcing the Linguistic Competence of EFL Learners

The unprecedented progress in digital appliances nowadays resulted in increasing people’s reliance on the use of technology, which facilitated construction of knowledge including the acquisition of languages (Thorne, 2010). Formal education has developed drastically and neither educators nor classroom input is perceived as the only source of information; unlimited resources exist for learners to construct knowledge (Benson, 2007). Online applications foster learners’ autonomy and independence and encourage them to practise the target language in authentic situations using different tools like Social Networking Sites (SNSs). Recent studies signal the positive impact of these applications on increasing learners’ motivation (Aydin, 2014), interaction and socialization (Ryberg & Christiansen, 2008), and pragmatic and linguistic proficiency (Blake, 1998). The more language learners have opportunities to use it interactively; the greater improvement in their multiliteracy and digital skills is (Chartrand, 2012). This study aims at investigating the extent to which undergraduate learners of English are able to benefit from digital facilities and SNSs to reinforce their linguistic competence and proficiency levels. Both quantitative and qualitative data are collected. They show the participants’ conceptions that SNSs improve their oral and communication skills; however, they could not benefit from them in promoting their writing techniques and grammar rules. They also signal that the participants have little awareness and poor knowledge on using SNSs for academic purposes that go beyond socialization limits. This study provides recommendations and implications from psycholinguistic, sociocultural, and ecological perspectives on how to use these digital platforms in the most optimal way.