authors thedecline ofmorale among Indians in the thirty yearsbetween the twoversions. Now, tobe fairabout it,theauthors acknowl edge that these are their own "late-twentieth-cen tury 'reading' " (p. 139) Surely, however, they could have done better with thisstory, stillknown atWarm Springs, one that really does express traditional American Indian concernswith learn ingand personal growth. Having discovered "The Deserted Boy,"why did theynot take itsversions inhand and go asking for"inside" commentary on them from some of their Warm Springs in formants? It ispreciselywhen the authors do begin to interrogatetheirsubjectsand leaveoffpronounc ingon them thattheirbook comes alive and be comes accountable and informative.This hap pens inmost of the extended interviewswith Warm Springs residentsthattheyoffer. To be sure, onemight question thevalue of includinga piece on a retired Anglo physicianwith no connections to the situation at Warm Springs except thathe is a reformed alcoholic who fishes theDeschutes; and one might also fairlyaskwhy there are no interviewsherewith elders, teenagers,or Tribal officials. Yet, the well-edited self-portrayals of in dividuals such as school principal Dawn Smith, "expatriate" graduate student and storyteller Brent Florendo, chief of police (and poet) "Stoney" Miller, and Foster Kalama ? artist, coach, andWarm Springs liaison officerfor Ma dras schools?are livelyand insightful,convey ingtheauthorityof "insiders"talkingabout them selves in theircommunity.As such, thesepieces partlymake up for the shortcomings of the rest of thebook. But only partly. Covered Wagon Women, vol. 10, Diaries and Lettersfrom the Western Trails, 1879-1903 Edited by Kenneth L. Holmes, with an introduction by ElliottWest University ofNebraska Press, Lincoln, 2000. Photographs, index. 288 pages. $13.00 paper Covered Wagon Women, vol. 11, Diaries and Lettersfrom the Western Trails, 1869-1903 Edited by Kenneth L. Holmes, with an introduction by Katherine G. Morrisey University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln, 2000. Photographs, maps, bibliography, index. 205 pages. $13.00 paper. Reviewed by David M. Wrobel University of Nevada Las Vegas These two fine volumes conclude the University ofNebraska Press's reprinting of thelate Kenneth L.Holmes's indispensableCov ered Wagon Women series,firstpublished by the ArthurH. Clark Company (1983-1993).The ready availability of theseworks once again for class room adoption and for a general readership is welcome indeed. The seriesbegins in 1845with theearliest lettersand diaries ofwomen journey ing westward and uses 1890 as thecutoffdate for inclusion of accounts (although one latersource, Anna Hansberry's letterfrom 1903,closes thefi nal volume). The elevenvolumes in the series to gethercontain approximately one hundred travel accounts, ranging in lengthfroma fewpages to asmany as fifty.It isa remarkable catalogue of a 134 OHQ vol. 104, no. 1 half-century ofwomen's voices from the trails detailingculturalencounters,social life, landscape, and climate. Social historians, western histori ans, and scholars of women, the family, gender, and race relationswould alldo well to reconsider these works or toconsider themforthefirsttime. What ofparticular importancedo thesefinal twovolumes offer? What issignificant aboutwest ward journeying inthe late1870sand 1880s? Trav elingwas certainly easier in thisperiod than it had been inprevious decades, as evidenced by the experience of Mrs. Hampton and her family. The Hamptons leftEdwards County, Kansas, in the fallof 1888but aftertwomonths abandoned the trailat Fossil, in westernWyoming, aswinter set in.They loaded theirwagon and team onto a freighttrainand themselvesonto a passenger train to theirfinal destination? Portland, Oregon. Supplies and comfortable lodgingswere readily available along thetrails by thistime.By the1880s, emigrantswere more likelyto comment on In dian reservation life than on "Indian dangers" (whichhad been enormously exaggerated inear lieraccounts). Travelers could literally follow the railroad tracksfor much of theirjourney.Even if theychose not to or could not affordto take the train, most of these lateremigrantswere in sight of "civilization" much of the time. Yet those parallel realitiesof coveredwagon women journeying insightof"Pullman pioneers" in theirpalatial railroad cars are, as Elliott West emphasizes inhis introductiontovolume 10,part of thewonder of this transitionalperiod. These were not by anymeans the lastmigrants, not even the lastEuropean American migrants, to venturewestward in search of promised lands. (It is worth remembering that more homesteads were taken up between 1900 and 1920 than be tween 1862 and 1900.) They were the last such western homeseekers to record theirexperiences in largenumbers during the journey,however? the lastto consciously view themselves,forbetter or worse, as part of the "frontier movement." Two years...
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