University Law School Research Articles

Daniel Lord Smail, On deep history and the brain, Berkeley and London, University of California Press, 2008, pp. xiv, 271, £12.95, 21.95 (hardback 978-0-520-25289-9), £9.95, $15.95 (paperback 978-0-520-25812-9).

Daniel Lord Smail, On deep history and the brain, Berkeley and London, University of California Press, 2008, pp. xiv, 271, £12.95, 21.95 (hardback 978-0-520-25289-9), £9.95, $15.95 (paperback 978-0-520-25812-9).

The Jurisprudence of the Christian Right: Teachings from Regent and Liberty University Law Schools

No issue is more hotly contested in the culture wars than the proper place of religion in public life. On the one side are those who insist that religion is a purely private matter with no place in government. In contrast are those who hold that government should adhere to religious principles and that certain religiously grounded imperatives are so necessary to the human condition that they should be binding on everyone. Prominent among the latter forces is the Christian right. Right wing Christian lawyers are deeply engaged in the most divisive church-state controversies and issues confronting American society today, including abortion, same-sex marriage, prayer in the schools, vouchers for private schools, and religious displays in civic places. The legal branch of the religious right is an especially interesting expression because it labors under certain constraints that do not apply to the others. Because its schools seek to train lawyers for successful practice and seek accreditation from the American Bar Association, they must develop and present their views in carefully reasoned ways that meet the standards for legitimate legal training. Because its lawyers aim to prevail in negotiation and litigation, they must frame their arguments in ways that are persuasive in the highly structured and decidedly secular atmosphere of the courts. Hence if one wishes to find the most sober and rational positions emanating from the religious right on the issues that rend society today, one can do no better than to look to its legal wing.

To What End: Resilience, Tradeoffs, and the Lessons of Katrina

To What End: Resilience, Tradeoffs, and the Lessons of Katrina

Family Law for the Underclass: Underscoring Law's Ideological Function

Law School; Ph.D. in American Studies, University of Michigan. The author thanks Richard Delgado, Edward Fallone, Lisa Ikemoto, Elise Papke, and Jessica Slavin for critical readings of earlier versions of this Article and Martin Price, Marquette University Law School Class of ’08, for valuable research assistance. 1. Lawrence M. Friedman, Law, Lawyers, and Popular Culture, 98 YALE L.J. 1579, 1585 (1989). 2. In launching a new law and humanities journal, a miffed Owen Fiss noted that law and economics had become “the interdisciplinary method for studying law.” Owen M. Fiss, The Challenge Ahead, 1 YALE J.L. & HUMAN., at viii, ix (1988-89). 3. The Eisenhower Foundation estimated in 2008 that 37 million Americans lived in poverty and the proportion of the poor below half the poverty line had grown from 30% in 1975 to 43% in 2006. The child poverty rate increased from 15% in 1968 to 17% in 2006. EISENHOWER FOUND., WHAT TOGETHER WE CAN DO: A FORTY YEAR UPDATE OF THE NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMISSION ON CIVIL DISORDERS 3 (2008), available at http://www.eisenhowerfoundation.org/kerner.php. 4. See CHRISTOPHER JENCKS, RETHINKING SOCIAL POLICY: RACE, POVERTY, AND THE FAMILY LAW FOR THE UNDERCLASS: UNDERSCORING LAW’S IDEOLOGICAL FUNCTION

Disaggregating the Regional-Multilateral Overlap: The NAFTA Looking-Glass

This short piece explores regionalism through the lens of NAFTA and examines its relationship to the multilateral trade regime and its effects on domestic policy. It tries to better understand the legal paradigm that allows the public aspects of trade law to intersect with the private interests of private investors. The rich jurisprudence of the Chapter 11 investment chapter of NAFTA provides a looking-glass into the complex interplay of state and non-state actors who navigate through the regional and multilateral trade and investment frameworks to further their interests. By disaggregating these overlaps, the paper illuminates this interplay which allows private actors to influence governments and affect domestic regulatory policy. Furthermore, by invoking the rich trade jurisprudence of the WTO, state and non-state actors working within regional legal frameworks further solidify the legitimacy of international adjudicatory processes of the WTO, furthering its political and economic influence on member states. Regional agreements are at times better positioned to deal with regulatory polices because of their proximity to domestic issues at hand that may impact the region. However, regional agreements may also contribute in dismantling domestic regulatory structures which may have legitimate goals. While the WTO may not bear the ultimate burden of resolving the conflicts between domestic trade and regulatory policies, the multilateral framework it provides may be a strong coordinating force that creates important legal linkages between its own adjudicatory processes and those of regional tribunals. Through these linkages, WTO panels may better deal with domestic regulatory policies that impact trade, thereby enhancing dialogue among the various state and non-state actors regarding regulatory measures. This short article is the product of a Symposium sponsored by the Indiana International and Comparative Law Review on “Assessing the Impact of Existing Bilateral and Multilateral U.S. Trade Agreements and Attempting Policy Recommendations for the Future,” at Indiana University Law School - Indianapolis.

Teaching Foreign and International Legal Research at Wuhan University (Wuda) Law School*

Since 2000, the Overseas Young Chinese Forum (OYCF) has awarded fellowships to American scholars, professionals, and doctoral students to teach short courses (three to eight weeks) in various fields, including law, at mainland Chinese universities. The award amounts range from $2,000 to $2,250 each and are meant to help pay travel, housing, and food costs. Fourteen awards were announced in mid-September 2008 for the 2008–09 academic year. I was lucky enough to win one: specifically, an OYCF-Gregory C. and Paula K. Chow Fellowship. I was to teach a seven-week, one-credit, upper-level elective course I proposed at Touro in spring 2007 and taught there in spring 2008 and 2009. From mid-May to early June 2009 I would be teaching foreign and international legal research at Wuhan University (Wuda) in central China.

Understanding and Responding to Bullying and Related Behaviors in Healthcare Workplaces

David Yamada, J.D. is a professor of law and director of the New Workplace Institute at Suffolk University Law School in Boston. His blog, “Minding the Workplace,” can be read at http://newworkplace.wordpress.com.

“A Man of Thirty-Five, Smooth and White, Slight, Well-Bred, and Masterful”

“A Man of Thirty-Five, Smooth and White, Slight, Well-Bred, and Masterful”* Simone White (bio) what use gold tokens pulled from the earlobe of my mother left me like divorce, like a treatise on divorce this has to be couched in the language of dream we’ve been enjoined from the discourse of marriage forever coupling in corners hypogeal fungi only, rotten each grandiose bully taken in hand, forgiven, wheedled artfully toward respect; no diadem, no veil, no tiny be-ribboned dog mhm, indicating assent let me tell it, no you tell it this has to be couched in the language of dream—crude, to say “I love” excepting the person of the President of the United States a lingering terror brought on by devotional music another bedraggled text from my brother or, I’ve no one to talk to about my life if my father had lived a lot longer we would have ventured an explanation of my method not a form of bragging [End Page 1079] since he knew me as a person attached to the frank limitations of freshness in a body too much alive there was water coming off the house and slate shingles that was the year he was thirty-seven—he noticed the orbit was failing he recognized inattention whipping up his wife and daughters weekly the high school was overtaken by neologism throwed-off and I was living in an attic room fanning myself shingle casuistry said he ought to get in his Mercedes and get the fuck out of there [End Page 1080] Simone White Simone White is author of House Envy of All the World (forthcoming from Factory School/Heretical Texts). Her work has appeared in Dolly, a collaborative chapbook with the painter Kim Thomas (Q Ave Press), Ploughshares, Tuesday, An Art Project, Gathering Ground: A Reader Celebrating Cave Canem’s First Decade, and the exhibition catalog for The Studio Museum in Harlem’s Flow. She holds a JD from Harvard University Law School and an MFA from The New School in New York City. A resident of Brooklyn, she is currently studying for the PhD in English at The Graduate Center of the City University of New York. Footnotes * Title taken from The Quest of the Silver Fleece by W. E. B. Du Bois. Copyright © 2009 The Johns Hopkins University Press

The Yuck Factor When Disgust Meets Discovery

Imagine you lived in a drought-stricken area and were told that from now on your tap water would come from “recycled sewage.” Might the word “yuck” describe your gut response? If your answer is yes, then you’ve got lots of company. Most people instinctively reject fearsome or repugnant things, especially when those things are unfamiliar. If shared by masses of people, that collective repugnance can fuel a social force with the power to shape environmental and public policy. The so-called yuck factor, a term coined by University of Pennsylvania bioethicist Arthur Caplan to describe the influence of instinctive responses against new technology, has a wide scope. In California, it’s derailed projects for converting wastewater into drinking water in several municipalities. It’s been cited in public opposition to foods from cloned animals and genetically modified (GM) crops. It’s even been named as a barrier to programs for trading carbon dioxide emission credits on the open market, says Asa Lofgren, an economist at Goteberg University, Sweden, who points to widespread aversion to the notion that companies could buy rights to pollute. Generally speaking, “yuck factor” has become a catchall phrase to describe technophobic sentiments that vary by what triggers them. The disgust elicited by drinking reclaimed wastewater, for instance, differs from the moral outrage induced by human cloning. Meanwhile, science routinely generates technologies that—though they might initially be seen as repugnant—are also borne of real need. For instance, wastewater reclamation, the process by which sewage water is treated to augment drinking, industrial, and agricultural water supplies, responds to the growing problem of drought. In this case, the yuck factor—exacerbated perhaps by the use of terms such as “recycled sewage” and “toilet-to-tap”—stands in the way of a solution to dwindling water supplies that experts generally view as cost-effective and safe. Galvanized by the yuck factor, opponents in Redwood City, California, delayed a wastewater reclamation project for nearly two years. And about six hours north, in Fountain Valley, a group dubbed the Revolting Grandmas led opposition to the Orange County Groundwater Replenishment System, which is the largest wastewater reclamation plant in the world. Responding to opponents’ demands, engineers now pump highly treated wastewater leaving the plant into an underground basin, where it filters through layers of sand and gravel before being piped to the homes and businesses that use it. Ironically, the water coming out of the basin isn’t as clean as the treated water going into it, according to an article in the 8 August 2008 New York Times Magazine—during its trip through the natural filters it picks up trace elements and contaminants that must later be removed by the water utility. The underground filtration step is taken, says director of recharge operations Adam Hutchinson, strictly to allay psychological concerns. But the yuck factor could also be said to serve a useful purpose. Excrement does pose health risks, and the public is therefore wise to ask questions about the safety of drinking reclaimed wastewater. Likewise, genetic technologies have the capacity to fundamentally alter life as we know it, in some cases with uncertain benefits. By giving pause to technological progress, the yuck factor opens new opportunities for dialogue between scientists and the public. In some cases, that dialogue might show that a technology’s benefits outweigh the repugnance that goes with it. In others, it pushes scientists to make a better case for why a given technology should be pursued at all. Given the influence wielded by instinctive responses to new technology, Caplan asserts that policy makers need to better understand these responses and take them seriously. “Savvy marketers and good advertising people know how to appeal to emotion, gut rationality, and visceral fears,” he says. “That’s what they’re selling—the manipulation of ‘yuck’—and more often than not, this is what determines who wins or loses in science policy debates. If you really want to overcome that, you have to become sophisticated about how experts manipulate emotion. And if you’re going to assess what’s admissible in terms of public policy, your argument has got to be better than to simply say ‘I don’t like it.’”

To Russia with Love

A Plea for Normalcy Isaac Shapiro Isaac Shapiro has served as a longtime partner of the law firm ofSkadden Arps Slate Meagher & Flom, helping to establish its foreign office network. From 1959 to 1974 he served as an adjunct professor of Soviet law at New York University Law School and in 2000 taught Russian law at Columbia Law School. In 1962, he wrote, with the late professor John N. Hazard of Columbia, the landmark The Soviet Legal System: Post-Stalin Documentation and Historical Commentary.

In Person

I became interested in IP immediately after my graduation from the Addis Ababa University Law School while joining the then Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission in 1986. I was a member of a team of lawyers, in the then Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission, entrusted with the task of undertaking a background study on IP and drafting IP legislation. Ethiopia had long had no IP system. We had to study the available literature and discuss among ourselves. There was no-one to direct us. The first training opportunity that I had, ‘Introduction to Industrial Property’, organized by the World Intellectual Property Organization in Harare, Zimbabwe in 1986 was an eye-opener. Commissioner Abebe Muluneh (Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission) was the person who exposed me to IP by giving me the assignment mentioned above. The IP teaching staff at...

Digging for Truth, Justice, or the Humanitarian Way: Priorities in Post-Genocide Transitional Justice and Exhumations of Mass Graves

While working for the Department of Justice, detailed to the Regime Crimes Liaison's Office (RCLO) in Iraq in 2005, the head of our team, Sonny Trimble, made a casual comment that has stuck with me. I paraphrase: Forensic digs, he said, very different from humanitarian ones. As someone with a legal background who had not had previous field experience, it was initially hard to understand what he meant, as all mass grave excavations used techniques that could be and have been called forensic. It all came down to the relatively simple proposition that the former involved a holistic look at a grave site and the circumstantial evidence it contained, with a view towards building a criminal case. The latter focused more on exhuming the bodies themselves, with hopes of repatriating the victims' remains.Some forensic scientists have thought of this distinction as a false dichotomy that only confounds those doing the work at the site and complicates matters for policymakers as they try to their rebuild a atrocity-torn country. This paper takes a different view. By examining genocide jurisprudence as developed by the International Criminal Tribunals, assessing the value of the forensic evidence that can be gained from mass grave excavations, and acknowledging the interplay of each of those in the greater reimplementation of the rule of law in post-conflict situations, this paper proposes a model protocol for the forensic of mass graves that provides comprehensive guidelines to tribunals and scientists regarding the standards of care of grave sites to insure integrity of the evidence contained therein, while allowing for the flexibility to tailor treatment of each grave site to its own particular needs.This paper won Vermont Law School's 2008 International Law Writing Competition, and was presented at that school's conference Understanding Genocide: Prevention, Prosecution, and Progress in October, 2008. An updated version will be presented at The George Washington University Law School's International Law Week in February 2009. I am currently working to include a more robust discussion of the pertinent genocide precedent, and a re-defining of excavation as distinguished from exhumation to better describe the differences between operations that are part of a criminal investigation (i.e. the interchangable use of the terms, as in footnote 38, will not apply in subsequent versions), versus those that are not. I will also be adding pages on the dynamics of ICC complimentarity requirements and states' responsibilities to investigate. There is also currently minimal discussion about the proceedings of the Iraqi High Tribunal, principally because this version of the paper focused on what was more germane to the Vermont Law School conference, which was the ICT precedent.The views contained herein are my own and do not in any way reflect the views or policies of the Department of Justice, the Regime Crimes Liaison's Office, or any government agency.

Rumors and Facts: William Clarence Matthews’s 1905 Challenge to Major League Baseball’s Color Barrier

Rumors sometimes have a basis in fact, and sometimes rumors are pure fiction, made up, irresponsible, serving commercial, political, or personal ends. In 1905, one of baseball's most compelling rumors involved the imminent entry into the major leagues of Clarence Matthews, Harvard's famous colored shortstop. (1) This rumor, reported in the Boston Traveler in July 1905, was repeated in Sol White's History of Colored Baseball (1907) and passed on to contemporary audiences by Robert Peterson in his seminal Only the Ball was White (1970). There are inevitable questions about the rumor's veracity. Is it possible that forty years before Jackie Robinson signed a contract with Brooklyn, someone in organized baseball was seriously considering adding a black man to a major league roster? This essay addresses that question by examining the major players--the Boston Nationals' player-manager Fred Tenney in particular--as well as the primary documents associated with the rumor of Matthews's breakthrough, demonstrating the reasons might plausibly be considered for this role, while also raising the possibility that the Traveler conjured a patently false story in Boston's overheated journalistic environment during the first decade of the twentieth century. Regardless of his race, was certainly worthy of the major leagues. He was a terrific player, in the topmost rank of collegiate baseball players in the country at a time when skilled collegians were walking off their campuses onto major league nines. (2) As a freshman at Harvard, he scored the winning run in the decisive game of the Yale series at the Polo Grounds before ten thousand fans. He never looked back, leading Harvard in hitting the next three years, batting .400 in his senior year and stealing 25 bases. The Harvard nine, preeminent among collegiate programs, won 76 games and lost 18 in Matthews's four years on the team. At the time of the rumor, he was playing professionally for Burlington in the Northern League of Vermont, a fast independent or league, which in its six-year existence claimed over one hundred major league players. After his season in Burlington, went back to Boston and got on with his life, the rumor proving to be just that and no more. He enrolled in Boston University Law School and passed the bar in 1907, the same year he married Pamela Belle Lloyd of Hayneworth, Alabama. To make ends meet, he coached at a number of Boston-area high schools. Following the lead of his mentor, Henry Lewis, worked for the government as special assistant to the U.S. district attorney in Boston, succeeding Lewis. (3) After World War 1, served as the chief legal counsel for Marcus Garvey and the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) from 1920 to 1923. When died in 1928 at just fifty-one years of age, he was serving as an assistant attorney general in the Coolidge administration, based in San Francisco. His death was reported in all the major East Coast newspapers. The black press noted his death in banner headlines; the Pittsburgh Courier announced Matty is dead under the headline William Clarence Dies Suddenly at Capitol/Political Leader's Death a Shock. (4) THE RUMORED BREAKTHROUGH: TENNEY'S GAMBIT Right in the middle of the summer of 1905, two weeks after he had arrived in Burlington, became national news for more than being the lone black in pro ball who played in an outlaw league in northern New England and confronted the enmity of some opposing players. The headline in the Boston Traveler sports page on July 15 revealed that Matthews May Play Ball with Tenney's Team. Underneath the headline was this provocative lead: Will Matthews, the negro ballplayer, whose antics at Harvard, and later while on the Burlington team of the Vermont League, wear a Tenney Tribe uniform? That is the question of the hour. …

Clearing the Smoke from Philip Morris V. Williams: The Past, Present, and Future of Punitive Damages

In Philip Morris USA v. Williams, the Supreme Court held that the Constitution does not permit the imposition of punitive damages to punish a defendant for harm caused to third parties. This Article critiques the reasoning, but seeks ultimately to vindicate the result, of that landmark decision. It argues that, although the Court’s procedural due process analysis does not stand up to scrutiny, punitive damages as punishment for third-party harm do indeed violate procedural due process, but for reasons far more profound than those offered by the Court. To reach that conclusion, the Article confronts the most basic and fundamental questions about punitive damages—questions that the Supreme Court has studiously avoided for more than a century: what, exactly, is the purpose of punitive damages, and how is it constitutional to impose them as a form of punishment in a judicial proceeding without affording the defendant the protection of the Constitution’s criminal procedural safeguards? The Article argues that punitive damages are properly conceptualized as a form of punishment for private wrongs: judicially sanctioned private revenge. As such, it makes both theoretical and doctrinal sense to impose them without affording the defendant criminal procedural protections, which are necessitated only for the punishment of public wrongs on behalf of society. When, however, courts employ punitive damages as a form of punishment for public wrongs, they become a substitute for the criminal law, which thus makes an intolerable end run around the Bill of Rights. For that reason, Williams was ultimately correct that punitive damages must be limited to punishment for the harm done to the individual plaintiff, not the harm done to the general public. This reasoning suggests that contrary to the emerging conventional wisdom, Williams does not stand in the way of the imposition of nonpunitive extracompensatory damages of the type favored by law and economics scholars as a means of forcing the defendant to internalize the costs of its behavior in order to achieve optimal deterrence. author. Associate Professor, The George Washington University Law School. For helpful comments on earlier drafts of this Article, the author would like to thank Michael Abramowicz, Michael Allen, Judge Guido Calabresi, William Colby, David Fontana, Frederick Lawrence, Chip Lupu, Dan Markel, Christopher Robinette, Shilpa Satoskar, Sheila Scheuerman, Anthony Sebok, Catherine Sharkey, Jonathan Siegel, Peter Smith, Roger Trangsrud, Benjamin Zipursky, and the participants in the work-in-progress workshop at The George Washington University Law School.

Mohsin Hamid in Conversation

Mohsin Hamid grew up in Lahore, Pakistan. He received his higher education at Princeton University and Harvard Law School in the United States. He worked for several years in Management Consultancy...

Is there an association between director option compensation and the likelihood of misstatement?

Abstract Oversight bodies in the United States (US) have addressed the issue of director independence in recent years. Bebchuk et al. [Bebchuk, L., Grinstein, Y., Peyers, U. (2006). Lucky directors. (Working paper Harvard University Law School) SSRN # 952239.] found that director oversight may be impaired if directors receive option grants under favorable terms because these grants may create a mutuality of interest between directors and managers. We assess whether option grants to independent directors reduce oversight of financial reporting. Using a sample of 105 US firms that misstated their revenue matched with a sample of non-misstatement firms, we find that companies whose independent directors do not receive stock options are less likely to misstate revenues than companies who meet the Sarbanes–Oxley definition of independence. Our results show that compensating outside directors with stock options may weaken their independent oversight.

Early Women Law Students at Cambridge and Oxford

This article examines the hitherto neglected history of the twelve women who studied law at Cambridge and Oxford in the years up to 1900. It concludes that the reason why so little has been written about them is, first, because women's experience has been routinely ignored in accounts of legal education (and in history generally) and, second, because their entry to the university law schools was accomplished with very little fuss or opposition. This in turn was due not only to the fact that the law professors were generally sympathetic to higher education for women but also because the women themselves did not challenge university traditions or the men's curriculum.

Member checking in human geography: interpreting divergent understandings of performativity in a student space

In human geography, member checking is now routine practice for upholding rigour in qualitative studies, yet it can result in conflicting opinions regarding research interpretations. Here we reflect upon divergent outcomes from member checking research exploring the nature of student experiences in a specific space of a Canadian university law school. While member checking did not yield acceptance of the initial interpretations by all informants, we argue that rather than invalidating our findings, the very disagreement exposed through member checks added to our analyses in important ways. As such, results refuted by informants should not necessarily be discarded in human geography research.

Law and the Emotions: A Conference Report

What do witness and gender have to do with law and the emotions? Obvious associations include the fundamentality of witnessing in the procedures and paradigms of law; legal rules that alternately and discrimina torily banish or cherish certain witnesses' emotions as relevant legal facts; the binary gendering of raging, caring, and other emotions; laws' production and policing of gender and genders; and the opposed gendering of law and emotion as such. However, there is a more fundamental and formal operation performed by witness, gender, law, and emotion: individually and in concert, these terms signify practices under, through, and against which humans' encounters with our world of appearances may be ordered, in any or all the meanings ofthat word. At a minimum, order is to command, categorize, or rank; and is a state of peace or community of faith. Sexual harassment law in the United States reveals the work of witness, gender, law, and emotion in ordering our experiences of appearances. The movement to establish sexual harassment law was crucial in making women's labor livable. It forced judicial recognition of sexual coercion, degradation, and hazing as employment discrimination. This movement facilitated redress for individual women and acculturated various publics to a particular feminist account of gender, sexuality, and inequality. These endeavors depended entirely upon bearings of witness, on testimonies of feeling by women who were often left or kept literally silent about gendered and sexualizing exploitation, humiliation, and violence that was previously deemed legally unspeakable and socially invisible in hegemonies of heteropatriarchy and hierarchical capitalism. However, the mere admission of women's witnessing could not secure individual, let alone systemic, redress. Such witnesses had to be judged reasonable. Courts asked whether a hypothetical would have found what these witnesses witnessed to be discriminatory. Was she right to read gendered harm into what might have been just good fun? Had her emotions got the best of her reason? Was she lying? What was she wearing? Are we sure she didn't like it? Kathryn Abrams (a coeditor of this special issue of WSQ and a key figure in sexual harassment jurisprudence) persuasively argued that the reasonable person standard was gender biased because it was gender blind. The reasonableness of subjects' feelings of discrimination depends wholly upon their sex assignment and gendered experience in our heteropatriarchal culture of sexually exploitative male domination. Hence Abrams successfully suggested that courts ask whether a reasonable woman would find discriminatory the scenes to which sexual harassment plaintiffs bear witness. However, Abrams noted too that legislatures' and courts' sexual harassment regimes-taken over by commercial interests, corporate doublespeak, and cottage industries-may proliferate unnuanced or obstructionist narratives about gender, sexuality, and inequality that conscript women's understanding of their experience in scripts as essentializing and disempowering as those enacted by sexual harassers. The trajectory of sexual harassment law suggests the vexed hermeneutical function of witness, gender, law, and emotion. Rendering sexual harassment employment discrimination was in part a struggle to force legal institutions and the culture at large to witness women's emotions. Yet legal and other institutions may exploitatively or otherwise discipline women's emotions and experience as witnesses. A recent conference richly engaged such conjunctions of witness, gender, law, and emotion. and the Emotions: New Directions in Scholarship took place in Berkeley, California, on February 8 and 9, 2007, with participants from throughout the United States, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, and Australia. The conference was organized by Kathryn Abrams (University of California, Berkeley, law), Susan Bandes (DePaul University, law), Hila Keren (Hebrew University of Jerusalem, law), and Terry Maroney (Vanderbilt University, law) and sponsored by the Gruter Institute for Law and Behavioral Research, Boalt Hall School of Law (University of California, Berkeley), the Center for the Study of Law and Society (University of California, Berkeley), Vanderbilt University Law School, and DePaul University College of Law. …

Lawyers and legal services in NW England

A consideration of the diversity and fragmentation which characterise contemporary legal practice with particular reference to the situation in the North West of England. Article by Professor David Sugarman, Director, Centre for Law and Society, Lancaster University Law School - published in Amicus Curiae - Journal of the Society for Advanced Legal Studies. The Journal is produced by the Society for Advanced Legal Studies at the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, University of London.