College Entrance Examination Research Articles

The Influence of Sports on College Students’ Learning Adaptability

In today's society, many college students are affected by exam-oriented education, physical quality deviation, loss of learning interest and motivation after the college entrance examination. At present, the overall sports situation and learning adaptability of college students are in bad shape. Under the influence of the educational environment, the vast majority of students will feel confused and uncomfortable after entering college, lack of learning motivation, sports hobbies and interests, and cannot adapt to the new environment and new learning methods. But through sports can increase students' learning adaptability, improve learning enthusiasm. Therefore, it is necessary to raise the awareness of schools, teachers and students on the importance of physical education and sports. Most universities have deficiencies in teacher resources, sports curriculum arrangements and sports facilities, resulting in students lack of sports awareness and unclear understanding of the meaning of sports. In this study, universities and students respectively put forward relevant suggestions. Schools should improve the teaching ability of PE teachers through training, cooperate with external sports clubs to meet the sports needs of different students, and help students find their own sports interests. At the same time, it is necessary to improve college students' cognition of the significance of sports, establish school sports associations, and exercise the quality of college students' adherence to sports under the role of mutual help of peers, and finally improve their learning adaptability through sports.

Analysis Of Chinese National College Entrance Examination’s Effect on Labor Outcomes and Happiness

This study evaluates the impact of earning an undergraduate degree on one's level of happiness, work prospects, income, and subjective life quality based on the logical outcome that one's college entrance exam score exceeds the threshold for undergraduate admission. This study's primary empirical methodology is the Regression Discontinuity Design (RDD), which examines undergraduates of science and art fields individually and urban and rural subgroups in terms of their return to Chinese higher education. Under the Chinese College Admission System (CAS), the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE) scores are the most essential benchmark for enrolling students, which are the well-defined cutoffs for applying the RDD method. More specifically, the study focuses on two aspects of “a better life”: material and mental. The material aspect is indicated by the yearly income and the probability of getting a job. The level of happiness and subjective life quality reflects the mental aspect. The results show that having an undergraduate degree or passing the score line does not significantly impact life quality and labor market outcomes. However, the result still indicates that higher scores can make people earn more and happier. Meanwhile, age seems to be a more critical factor in explaining the labor market outcomes. At the same time, life quality is likely to be determined by factors other than academic performance and working experience.

A Developing Competency of High-School Physical Education Teacher Model in Eastern Guangdong Province

Background and Aim: With the development of the comprehensive reform of China's new college entrance examination, Guangdong province has proposed higher requirements for high school physical education teachers. The objectives of this research were: (1) To explore the components of competence of high school physical education teachers. (2) To construct the competency model of high school physical education teachers in eastern Guangdong. and (3) To propose the guidelines for developing competency of high school physical education teachers in eastern Guangdong. Materials and Methods: This research was divided into three Phases: (1) Exploring the components of high school physical education teachers' competence. In this Phase, the literature, the in-depth interview of 15 experts, and the Delphi method of two rounds of consultation with 17 experts were adopted. (2) Questionnaire distribution and collection. The questionnaire was adopted. There were 1526 high school physical education teachers in Eastern Guangdong, and the sample size for this research was 308 according to Krejcie and Morgan's (1970) sampling table. (3) Data analysis: Descriptive Statistical Analysis, Exploratory Factor Analysis, and Confirmatory Analysis in mathematical statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Data analysis includes mean value, standard deviation analysis, and content analysis. Result: (1) The competency model of high school physical education teachers in eastern Guangdong consisted of 9 dimensions and 38 variables. Namely, The RIC had six variables, IGC had four variables, TOS had five variables, SK had six variables, PC had five variables, IR had three variables, PQ had three variables, TSR had three variables, and PD had three variables. (2) 38 guidelines for developing competency of high school physical education teachers in eastern Guangdong were proposed from 9 dimensions. Conclusion: (1) The competency model of high school physical education teachers in eastern Guangdong was composed of 9 dimensions and 38 variables. (2) There were 38 guidelines for developing competency of high school physical education teachers in eastern Guangdong.

Psychological Stress and its relationship to Periodontal flora and salivary Nitrite/Nitrate

ObjectivePsychological stress can be a common risk factor for the development of oral and systemic disease; therefore, analysis of a pathophysiologic mechanisms that may explain this association may be significant in planning preventive strategies. The aim of this study was to investigate the association amongst academic stress, periodontal health, and salivary cortisol and nitrite and nitrate levels in a sample of university students. MethodsParticipants (N = 14) were classified into 2 groups according to their exposure to academic stress due to periods of university exams (n = 6 and n = 8, respectively). All participants were subjected evlauted for their behavioural, psychological, and anthropometric parameters, as well as an oral health examination. A real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis in samples of saliva and plaque was used to detect Prevotella intermedia and Veillonella dispar as well as the total bacterial count. Nitrite/nitrate ratio (NR ratio) and cortisol in saliva were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ResultsFull Mouth Bleeding Score, Full Mouth Plaque Score, and Gingival Index were significantly higher in the group exposed to academic stress. Nitrite was directly related to the presence of V dispar (coefficient, 0.13; P = .00; CI, 0.07 to 0.19) and inversely related to total bacterial count (coefficient, −0.07; P = .012; CI, −0.13 to 0.02). NR ratio was directly related to V dispar (coefficient, 4.35; P = .010; 95% CI, 1.35 to 7.36) and inversely related to total bacterial count (coefficient, −4.05; P = .018; 95% CI, −7.32 to 0.86). ConclusionsThese results confirm the importance of stress on periodontal health and salivary nitrite concentration and highlight a potential differential role of specific bacteria on nitrite concentration in saliva.

Öğrenme Güçlüğünden Üstün Yeteneğe Bir Okul Hayatı

Introduction: Can a student with learning disability pass the university exam and get into the faculty of medicine? Number of studies on gifted students with learning disabilities, also known as different students, has increased recently. The aim of the present study was to examine the strengths and weaknesses of Fatih who succeeded in getting into the faculty of medicine despite academic failure and to determine strategies he used against problems. Method: Case study among qualitative research methods was used as the study model. Through family interviews, interviews with Fatih, the drawings of Fatih and result of intelligence test, areas he had difficulties as well as those he was gifted were analyzed. Findings: Results of the study revealed that Fatih has been suffering from learning disability since primary school, he has struggled especially in the Turkish lesson and he has been experiencing academic failure. Despite his academic failure, he performed well in the field of mathematics. In addition, he was gifted in general mental ability and that he is extraordinarily skilled at painting. Discussion: When the strengths and weaknesses of Fatih are taken into consideration, it can be asserted that he is a gifted student with learning disability. The results were discussed within the context of identifying gifted individuals with learning disability.

Study on the Problems and Countermeasures of High School Students' Subject Selection under the New College Entrance Examination Reform in Hubei Province

In 2014, China implemented a comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination. Since then, Hubei Province has implemented the "New College Entrance Examination", which adopts the "3+1+2" subject selection program, students independently choose subjects on the basis of language, mathematics and foreign languages. Students are required to choose one subject from History and Physics, and then two subjects from Ideology and Politics, Geography, Chemistry and Biology to form their own examination subjects. This new teaching mode breaks through the shortcomings of the traditional division of arts and sciences, which cannot fully respect students' individual differences and independent choices, and allows students to choose suitable subjects according to their own interests and needs, so as to achieve the goal of comprehensive and individual development. Since the implementation of the new college entrance examination reform program, the new round of college entrance examination reform has attracted extensive attention from experts and scholars about the new college entrance examination reform. These researches are mainly concentrated in Zhejiang and Shanghai, and most of them are researches on students' curriculum and curriculum reform. By combing the relevant literature, this paper finds that the current situation of curriculum selection in China's general high schools is not optimistic, and there are many problems that need to be discovered and solved by us. In addition, there are fewer studies on the "3+1+2" college entrance examination reform program in Hubei Province. In view of the different curricula in different provinces, we must study the curriculum of general high schools in Hubei Province in depth and analyze the problems, so as to put forward corresponding countermeasures for the curriculum of general high schools in Hubei Province.

Mapping the SMEEA Gaokao tests to the CEFR

This paper reports on a project where the Shanghai Municipal Educational Examinations Authority (SMEEA) engaged Cambridge University Press and Assessment (Cambridge) to begin the alignment process of their six foreign language tests to the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) (Council of Europe, 2001, 2020). These six language tests are developed by SMEEA and form part of China’s National College Entrance Examination system. They are referred to as China’s National College Entrance Examination (Shanghai Paper), or the Shanghai Gaokao. This project was undertaken to enable a comparison of the relative difficulty of each language version of the Shanghai Gaokao, in terms of the CEFR. Additional project aims were to carry out training in the CEFR and in CEFR mapping procedures, using a blend of online delivery and a cascaded training model. This project took place between September 2021 and January 2022, involving a series of linked training and mapping activities and workshops. In this paper the focus is on the practical aspects of a computer mediated CEFR mapping project, on our reflections and recommendations, and on the participant feedback. Some outcomes are included which are directly related to the CEFR, but not any outcomes which are confidential.

Follow Father or Mother? Understanding the Monoethnic Identification of Biethnic Children in China

Abstract In China, children’s ethnicity is often decided by their parents at the time of birth or during childhood; individuals are only allowed to be identified by a single ethnicity. Ethnic identification is therefore a contested issue shaped by the intra-family power structures that determine which parent’s ethnic heritage will be passed down. In this paper, we use China’s 2005 and 2015 inter-census surveys to examine the factors impacting the ethnic identification of children in interethnic families. We find the likelihood that children are identified with their fathers’ ethnicity decreased between 2005 and 2015. Relative to children with a minority mother and a Han father, those with a Han mother and a minority father, and those with parents from different minority groups have higher odds of following their father’s ethnicity. Being a girl, being older, having more educated parents, having urban or migrant status, and living in prefectures with a higher concentration of ethnic minorities all tend to lower the odds of identifying with the father. Moreover, stratified models demonstrate that in families where the father is the only minority parent, Islamic heritage positively predicts boys’ adoption of fathers’ ethnicity, but negatively predicts girls’ adoption. Eligibility for bonus points on the college entrance exam is negatively associated with the odds of following father when the mother is the only minority parent, but the association turns positive when the father is the only minority parent. The results illustrate the nuanced social processes involved in the social construction of ethnic identification.

Correlation between perceived social support and quality of sleep and its effect on the academic performance of undergraduate medical students: A cross-sectional study

Background: Social support can be explained as the availability or existence of people who make us feel loved, cared for and valued, people on whom we can rely. Apart from physical health, social networking and interaction uplift mental health, well-being, and academic performance of individuals. Sleep has been associated with achievements in academic indicators of a person, as its deficit causes a lack of attention and concentration. Methods: A survey was designed to conduct cross-sectional study among the undergraduate medical students. The validated 12 item multidimensional scale of perceived social support and 19 self -rated questions of Pittsburgh sleep quality index was used for assessing the social support and sleep quality among the students and how it affected their academic performance. Data was collected in google forms and coded & cleaned and then exported for statistical analysis, to SPSS version 20. Results: Of the total 385 undergraduate medical students, majority were female respondent and from 2nd Professional. Most of the students scored between 60-69% in their university exam. Majority of the student has poor sleep quality. The academic performance has statistically significant association with perceived social support while age of the student was significantly associated with poor quality of sleep. A negative correlation was noted between perceived social support and sleep quality. Conclusion: This study has highlighted the negative impact of a lack of perceived social support on the sleep quality of medical students. Results also showed evidence of an overall poor quality of sleep in the medical students.

English language requirement and educational inequality: Evidence from 16 million college applicants in China

This paper studies the unintended effect of English language requirement on educational inequality by investigating how the staggered rollout of English listening tests in China’s high-stakes National College Entrance Exam (NCEE) affected the rural–urban gap in college access. Leveraging administrative data covering the universe of NCEE participants between 1999 and 2003, we find that the introduction of English listening tests significantly lowered rural students’ exam score percentile ranks relative to their urban counterparts, resulting in a 30% increase in the rural–urban gap in college access. Our back-of-the-envelope calculations suggest that, as a result of this policy change, more than 54,000 rural students lost college seats to their urban peers between 1999 and 2003, and another 11,000 rural students who elite colleges could have admitted ended up in non-elite colleges, causing them significant future income losses.

University major information recommendation based on federated learning

This paper focuses on the research of applying federated learning to recommendation systems and proposes a university major recommendation method based on federated learning. Furthermore, an improved knowledge distillation architecture is implemented for university major recommendations. In the collaborative structure of the system based on federated learning, knowledge distillation is used to optimize the recommendation performance. The federated learning algorithm, FedDyn, is employed to aggregate model parameters through weighted averaging, enabling a training mode where only local training data and local models are uploaded to the central server. After reading and studying other papers that apply federated learning to recommendation systems, this paper conducts further speculation and research, aiming to apply relevant knowledge and techniques to establish a system that can recommend specific content to a targeted audience, such as students after the college entrance examination. This includes providing major-related information, predicting students major preferences, and delivering the latest industry news related to specific majors.This paper also categorizes the technologies used in the creation of recommendation systems and compares them into three categories. The study suggests that the recommendation system utilizing knowledge distillation will be more efficient.

A study on the correlation between the English score of collegeentrance Examination and the score of the first CET-4

English is the most widely used language in the world. Nowadays, the world is showing a trend of globalization. As a bridge connecting us with the world, the importance of English is self-evident. The study of high school is to let us master the ability to use English communication and to strengthen our ability to use English further when we enter the university. The college entrance examination is a standard reference examination for high school students in China after completing the basic learning stage. Its purpose is to comprehensively check whether the students who have completed the high school courses have met the requirements stipulated in the syllabus. After years of practice, it has become one of the most authoritative examinations in China. [1] In recent years, many colleges and universities have paid great attention to the CET-4 test, and most have linked the CET-4 test with a bachelor’s degree. Students cannot get the CET-4 certificate in universities, and the schools will not award bachelor’s degrees to the students. China’s College entrance examination and CET-4, as two of the most objective level examinations in China, have strong reliability and validity in the field of English learning and have a certain continuity over the years, which can objectively and honestly reflect the English learning level of students from high school to college. [2] The English score of the college entrance examination can also reflect the English level of first-year college students when they first enter school. While CET-4 represents a student’s English level at the university level.

Seeking Stability in China's "Involuted Generation"

In recent years, the word “involution” (Nei Juan) has become a popular word in Chinese society to refer to the great competitive pressure young people in China now face in their life such as passing the college entrance examination and searching for a job. They are called the “involuted generation.” To study the involution phenomenon, I conducted eleven semi-structured interviews with students, parents, and teachers in Zhejiang Province in China. This study also explores the causes and effects of the phenomenon of involution by combining online research and a literature review. I argue that the pursuit of stability produces the present involution while the college entrance examination and differences in family background create different degrees of involution which intensifies the stress of competition. The effects of involution include anxiety and tension for both students and parents brought on by competition, the devaluation of academic qualifications in the job market, and the gap young people experience between their interests and careers.

Eğitim Alanında Gelişmiş Ülkelerin Öğretmen Yetiştirme Sistemleri

As we live through the first quarter of the twenty-first century, society's expectation of qualified teachers continues to increase as always. It is a justified and undeniable fact that there is such an expectation in practice. The effort to train and develop teachers is a process that should be considered integrally during the period from the selection of the profession to the termination of the profession, the first dimension of this process is the determination of teacher candidates. There are some basic elements that should be considered in theory and practice in teacher education. When these elements are considered with the system approach; it can be considered in three basic dimensions as inputs, processes and products or outputs. In teacher education, entrance characteristics are very important because the entrance characteristics of teacher candidates and candidates constitute the input. Thanks to the Bologna reforms in education, the minimum qualification period for becoming a teacher has increased. Institutions that train teachers in European Union countries generally conduct education at the undergraduate level. In addition, student selection in European countries is usually carried out with high school graduation exams in Turkey and in some countries with a university entrance exam. In most European countries, three or more criteria are applied when selecting students for teacher training programs. Aptitude tests in which individual and group practice are questioned, interviews in which the candidates' motivations are questioned, language and literacy skills, arithmetic skills are questioned. While education authorities apply these exams in most countries, institutional-level authorities also share responsibility in some countries. The same or similar situation is often applied in other developed countries. Key Words: Education, Education System, Teacher Training Systems, Developed Countries

We Can Help! A School-Based Intervention: The outcomes of multifaced academic self-efficacy intervention among Turkish high school students

In this research, an intervention programme was applied to increase students’ academic and university exam self-efficacy and decrease exam anxiety. Further, the relationship between self-efficacy beliefs, exam anxiety and sense of school belongingness (SSB) was investigated. For this purpose, high-school students (N = 129) completed an 11-weeks intervention programme applied and a questionnaire including demographic information (gender, socio-economic level), academic and university exam self-efficacy, exam anxiety, and SBC was distributed before and after the intervention. The results revealed that while students’ academic and university exam self-efficacy significantly increased, their exam anxiety significantly decreased after the intervention. Further, SSB and exam anxiety found to be predictors of self-efficacy beliefs. Limitations are discussed, and suggestions for future research were offered.

심리적 거리조절에 따른 대입 수험생의 대처대안의 차이분석

Objectives This study was conducted to determine whether there is a difference in the way test takers, who are emotionally vulnerable due to the college entrance examination, create alternatives to cope with conflict situations when they control psychological distance through self-distancing. Methods The subjects of the experimental study were 40 prospective high school seniors who completed their second year of high school and took classes during the winter vacation as a preparation course for their third year, and they would be suitable for the purpose of the experiment because they had the highest academic stress throughout their school years. An experimental design was conducted to verify whether self-distancing had a sig-nificant effect on the generation of coping alternatives. Two scenarios were presented that set the psychological distance far and close according to the construal level theory in the situation commonly occurring among test tak-ers when the mock test was taken in the same form as the college entrance exam. The t-test and multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA) were used as analysis methods. Results There was a significant difference in coping style between the self-immersion group who accepted as what happened to them and the self-distancing group who accepted as what happened to others. Compared to groups that are psychologically distanced from themselves, they created more alternatives to cope with conflict situations than those who are immersed in their work, and created more flexible and creative alternatives in quality. Looking at each sub-area of coping alternatives, the self-distancing group had a high percentage of pos-itive coping alternatives to solve problems and low percentage of negative coping. In contrast, the self-immersion group had a high response rate with negative copin and a low response rate with problem-oriented alternatives. Conclusions This study suggests that adolescents' use of cognitive methods such as self-distancing in conflict situations is effective in coping effectively.

A Study on the Relation of IBDP External Assessment to College Entrance Exam

A Study on the Relation of IBDP External Assessment to College Entrance Exam

Career and Life Development of a Gifted Student in Poverty: A Qualitative Longitudinal Case Study

This research is a qualitative study of Semi (alias), a gifted Korean male high school student living in urban poverty. Interviews with Semi 6 times for three years, 60 minutes per interview, were analyzed as a part of a longitudinal qualitative study. Semi had been overwhelmed by the harsh environment and unable to move forward. Semi was the only gifted among participants with the highest IQ (in the gifted range with Korea Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Ⅳ at age 17). Although he had the highest intellectual ability among the participants, he did not have confidence in himself. And he did not achieve anything at all when he graduated high school. He spent another year to prepare the college entrance exam, but he failed and left the research for good. The qualitative data were analyed into six themes (neglected childhood, intimate, but worried father, housing instability, helpful teacher, frustrated dream of astronomer, lack of motivation to escape poverty). Among them a representative example of Semi's poor environment is housing instability and Semi's disadvantage is also revealed in that he did not meet an adult who could be a role model for life. The implications and suggestions for future research in career education and counseling were discussed.

外语学习无聊情绪与外语成绩关系探究

The “affective turn” and “positive turn” in applied linguistics have brought positive psychology into the field of SLA, making emotion studies a focal point. This study, framed within positive psychology and Complex Dynamic Systems Theory, analyzes boredom, the scores of college entrance examination and the English final exam scores for 369 non-English majors in Class B and 75 in Class C. Results indicate:1) Class C students’ foreign language learning boredom is significantly lower than Class B, while their English exam scores are significantly higher. 2) Class B students’ foreign language learning boredom is significantly negatively related to English exam scores. This study suggests that students with different language proficiency exhibit differences in foreign language learning boredom, and boredom negatively influences academic achievements. College English tiered teaching should align with the dynamic emotional development of students, fostering emotional intelligence to improve students’ academic achievements and personal well-being.

INFLUENCING FACTORS AND IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES FOR JUNIOR MIDDLE SCHOOL TEACHER LEADERSHIP IN REGIONAL SCHOOLS-TAKE CHAOZHOU CITY GUANGDONG CHINA AS AN EXAMPLE

In the 21st century, educational development and changes have become increasingly globalized, and teachers have been given an increasingly important role in the educational reform and development of countries around the world. The concept of teacher leadership and actions to develop teacher leadership have been recognized by more and more countries. Based on the urgent need for educational modernization, the new situation of integrated development and reform of urban and rural education, and the changes in the social environment brought about by new urbanization, the comprehensive two-child policy, and the reform of high school and college entrance examinations, China has put forward different and higher requirements for the construction of teachers. In 2018, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council jointly issued "Opinions on Comprehensively Deepening the Reform of Teacher Team Construction in the New Era" with Zhongfa No. 4. There have been new changes in the development of main policy concepts, emphasizing the transformation of teachers from passive policy implementation roles to the main body responsible for education quality. This article chooses junior high school teacher leadership as the research topic. Through interviews with junior high school teachers in Chaozhou City, Guangdong Province, China, it explores the development issues of school improvement in junior high school teacher leadership since China’s new round of basic education reform started in 2021.