University Cooperation Research Articles

Means of Foreign Language Teaching during Covid-19 Pandemic in Ukraine

The article deals with the description and analysis of the most important methods of foreign language teaching. The authors describe teaching English in Ukraine during the global pandemic caused by the spread of coronavirus disease Covid-19 in early spring 2020. The study aims at reviewing the most important works of Ukrainian and foreign scholars. They describe the most modern methods of teaching English in higher educational institutions of Ukraine. The scholars pay particular attention to the description of the latest English teaching methods, which they use at Uzhhorod National University. The observation process allowed us to summarize information about the features of distance learning at Uzhhorod National University. Analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, abstraction generalization, and the descriptive method are applied. The study found out the educational process has been reformed in Ukrainian universities by European quality requirements for education: informatization-globalization of academic space, integration of functions in modern education, establishing Ukrainian universities cooperation with European and Eastern educational institutions in the field of education and research as well as changes in the educational process associated with the rapid spread of Covid-19, which forced the entire civilized world to seek new types of learning, new methods, and tools. During the pandemic, it is vital to provide personality-oriented education. This knowledge provides optimal conditions for the harmonious development of each student. Further research into the latest computer technologies for foreign language teaching may be a prospect.

Cooperation and technological areas in the state universities of São Paulo: An analysis from the perspective of the triple helix model

This article analyzes the technological cooperation networks, and their respective areas, of the public universities of the State of São Paulo that resulted in patent. The cooperation networks were built from the assignee data and for the technology areas networks the International Patent Classification. It adopted the metrics of Social Network Analysis to characterize these partnerships and analyze it from the perspective of the Triple Helix. A total of 458 technology partnerships were identified that resulted in patents, 210 at USP, 173 at UNICAMP and 75 at UNESP. The main partners were companies and other universities, follow by research institutes, government support institutions and support foundations had low participation, except for FAPESP and EMBRAPA. Regarding technological areas, technologies with applications in the health sector and chemical were the most representative. It was found that the cooperation is still developed in an incipient way, especially regarding the continuity of technological development. In general, there is the multidisciplinary portfolio of patents from universities, but with strong guidance for the areas of health, indicating the search for expertise in this area of expertise.

Creating Transdisciplinary Teaching Spaces. Cooperation of Universities and Non-University Partners to Design Higher Education for Regional Sustainable Transition

Teaching formats involving non-university partners are increasingly gaining importance to deliver key competencies needed in higher education for sustainable development. Such teaching formats may also create new transdisciplinary spaces that allow different actors to impact regional transition towards sustainable development. Against this background, this article focuses on how universities foster regional transition through teaching, particularly in collaboration with local non-university. Using the interdisciplinary certificate programs on sustainable development offered by the German Universities of Tübingen and Duisburg-Essen as case studies, we analyze the potentials and challenges of teaching programs on sustainable development for promoting regional transition. Leaning on the multi-level-perspective-approach, we have used qualitative interviews to shed light on the design of cooperation between the university and regional partners as well as the creation and integration of transdisciplinary learning spaces. This paper shows that the impact of such teaching formats on the regional transition consists primarily of awareness and network building. One of the most fundamental challenges faced is unequal power relations in terms of access to resources, financing, and doing the course planning. Simultaneously, co-design, mutual understanding, and collective decisions on roles and responsibilities and—especially—empathy and trust are crucial factors for successfully teaching cooperation towards regional sustainability.

ДУАЛЬНА ОСВІТА ЯК ЗАПОРУКА СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ПАРТНЕРСТВА У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ ВИПУСКНИКІВ ВИШІВ: ЗАРУБІЖНИЙ ДОСВІД

The article describes the role of the dual education system as a guarantee of social partnership in improving the quality of professional training of graduates of higher educational institutions. The dual education systems of the world (Germany, France, Denmark, Japan, South Korea) for professional training of university graduates in accordance with modern requirements of employers, who acquire the features of national models of functioning, and that there is no single reference model of dual education. The scheme of dual education is proposed as an innovative type of organization of targeted professional training of students in the Nikopol region, in Ukraine, which is a coordinated cooperation of universities and employers in the training of competitive professionals. Social partnership is seen as a social dialogue carried out in the form of cooperation, which facilitates the transition of professional training of competitive university graduates to a qualitatively new level of training. The introduction of a dual form of education to ensure a rapid response to changes in the labor market, and this is possible only by creating a system of social partnership, improving the training of graduates to organize social partnership, while maintaining the best traditions of higher education. Approbation of dual education as a guarantee of social partnership in the professional training of graduates was carried out on the basis of the National Metallurgical Academy of Ukraine (Nikopol Faculty and Nikopol Vocational College). The study covered from 2016 to 2020 about 1,600 students. Based on the results of the analysis of foreign experience of dual education as a guarantee of social partnership of higher education institutions with employers, it can be argued about various forms of interaction (development of educational institution strategy with enterprises, implementation of graduate career tracking system, etc.). -production process. Social partnership is considered as a social dialogue carried out in the form of cooperation, which will facilitate the transition of professional training of educational institutions to a qualitatively new level of training of competitive graduates. The implementation of the dual system contributes to the development of an effective system of social partnership of universities with basic enterprises. The dual system as a guarantee of social partnership in the professional training of graduates of higher educational institutions is socially significant for the functioning, support and development of Ukraine, requires a clear appropriate state policy.

Current trends of international cooperation in the area of education on the example of Spain and Russia (due to implementation of the joint degree program between Peoples' Friendship University of Russia and University of the Balearic Islands)

This article explores the cooperation of Spain and Russia in the area of education due to implementation of the joint degree program between Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia and University of the Balearic Islands). The study of the bilateral dialogue within the framework of educational policy and outlining its prospects is relevant since Spain is the strategically important partner for the Russian Federation. Analysis of the potential of university cooperation between the two countries at the present stage is also necessary for expanding the presence of Spain and Russia in the humanitarian sphere abroad, and creating a positive image of both countries among foreign partners. The novelty of this research lies in the detailed analysis of the joint Master’s program and postgraduate education implemented between Peoples' Friendship University of Russia and University of the Balearic Islands), its current state and development prospects, as well as the challenges faced in the process of implementation of this project. It is noted that the joint degree program between the Russian and Spanish universities are an integral part of their cooperation in the sphere of education. The author establishes that the difference in academic degrees in the Russian and Spanish systems of education remains a crucial and unresolved issue, which obstructs the bilateral partnership in this area.

김정은 시기 북한 고등교육 변화와 남북 대학 협력의 과제

본 연구는 고등교육을 중심으로 김정은 시기 북한 교육의 변화를 살펴보고, 남북 교육 교류 및 대학 협력의 방향과 과제를 모색하고자 하는 연구이다. 북한은 2019년 헌법 개정을 통해 ‘참다운 애국자’, ‘지덕체를 갖춘 사회주의건설의 역군’을 교육의 목표로 변경하고, 고등교육 및 지식인 정책에 있어서는 ‘전민과학기술인재화’를 특징으로 삼고 있다. 김정은 시기에 들어와 북한은 학제 개편과 교육과정 변경, 교육후원사업의 주체 확장, 교육사업 지역별 평가순위 발표, 전국 사범·교원대학 대상 평가 등을 실시했고, 2014년과 2019년에 ‘전국교원대회’를 개최하면서 교육사업 강화와 교육경쟁을 촉구했다. 이에 따라 북한은 과학기술분야의 고등교육에 중점을 두고, 과학기술을 중심으로 한 박사원 및 ‘연속교육체계’를 실시하고 있으며, 원격교육대학을 증설하고 2020년에는 원격교육법을 제정하기도 했다. BR 이를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 남북 교육 교류 및 대학 협력을 활성화하는 데 의미를 갖는 지향점을 제시했다. 첫째로 남북 사회문화공동체 형성을 지향하는 교육 교류·협력, 둘째로 정부와 민간의 균형을 지향하는 교육 교류·협력, 셋째로 지속가능성에 바탕을 둔 교육 교류·협력, 마지막으로 사람을 중심으로 하는 교육 교류·협력 등을 제시하였다. 남북 교육교류와 대학 협력은 그 자체로 남북이 사회문화공동체를 형성하는 노력이자, 통일 한반도를 구축하는 중요한 발걸음이 될 것이다.

Collegial Cooperation turns toxic: Its depth and breadth: What are the implications for higher education institutions (HEIs)?

Collegiality has been glorified as the strongest governance pillar for higher education institutions, especially in promoting independence of thought, impartial decisions on leadership, mutual respect, and providing peer support. However, the recent corporate culture recently adopted by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) and a system that rewards individual accomplishments, together with decreased state funding had steadily weakened the collegial philosophy, while toxicity takes the center stage - thereby threatening unity, harmony and institutional visibility. As a result, institutions have turned toxic. Unfortunately, although easily identifiable, toxicity is a difficult phenomenon to deal with, especially in dynamic academia environment, performance-based pay and personal traits notwithstanding. The paper concludes that the lack of conclusive empirical research to establish the depth and breadth of toxicity has made it difficult for personnel to make defensible decisions. The paper recommends that institutions should prioritize institutional inquiry in order to address work related behavior – among others to negate unacceptable behavior that have persistently harmed individuals as well as the institutions. Finally, institutions should make collegiality part of all “Personnel decisions” that clearly stipulate flawless indicators and measures of toxic behavior, in order to enhance collegial, civil and harmonious work environment that promotes staff engagement, productivity and institutional stability.

383 Evaluating minor trauma in pregnancy – can we limit cost without affecting outcomes?

The purpose of this study was to determine whether laboratory tests and extended fetal monitoring alter management and/or predict outcomes in women with viable pregnancies who endure minor trauma. A retrospective observational study of pregnant women who presented to Cooper University Hospital (CUH) between January 2010 to April 2019 for evaluation after sustaining minor trauma (defined as an Injury Severity Score less than 3). Standard protocol at CUH is to perform fetal and uterine contraction monitoring for up to 6 hours post-trauma, and collect a CBC, Type and Screen, Kleihauer-Betke, Fibrinogen, PT, and PTT. For this study, all fetal and uterine contraction monitoring was reviewed by a single investigator. Data was analyzed using Independent-t, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and x2 tests as indicated. Of the 260 women that met inclusion criteria for this study, 66 (25%) required admission and monitoring for greater than 6 hours. Laboratory values were not significantly different between women discharged after evaluation versus required prolonged observation (Table 1). The overall preterm delivery rate for this study (7.3%) and neonatal ICU admission rate (15%) was similar to the general population. There were no fetal demises; however, one placental abruption occurred. Pregnant women with less than 4 uterine contractions per hour in the first hour did not change their subsequent uterine contraction pattern for the remainder of monitoring. Routine laboratory tests drawn in pregnant women who sustained minor trauma did not determine admission for observation or discharge, nor did they predict adverse outcomes such as placental abruption, preterm birth, low birth weight, or NICU admission. Our study suggests that women with a reassuring fetal heart tracing and less than 4 uterine contractions in 1 hour of post trauma monitoring should not undergo routine laboratory tests or additional monitoring. Cost savings for the hospital are estimated to be more than $187,000 when using this approach for evaluation.

Analysis on the Development of Innovative Education in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Cultural Confidence

With the rapid development of China, the environment of contemporary college students is diversified, informationized and complicated, and their outlook on life, values and world view are gradually influenced by the characteristics or cultures of different fields. Therefore, the establishment of cultural self-confidence of college students has become an indispensable part in the development of innovative education in colleges and universities. As an important factor for the growth and development of college students, innovation education in colleges and universities should be improved in the process of ideological and political education, professional teaching and innovation training. The purpose of this paper is to propose meaningful Suggestions and views on the future teaching mode, innovative talent cultivation and school-enterprise cooperation in colleges and universities based on the results of field investigation and questionnaire survey of the research group and the current situation and existing problems of China's college education innovation and development.

Gender stereotypes: persistence and challenges

PurposeThe aims of this study are to identify and analyse prevalent gender roles and the persistence of sexist stereotypes among teachers in training in Spain, to determine the reasons for them and suggest solutions for eradicating sexist prejudices.Design/methodology/approachA gender role questionnaire was administered to 1260 workers from 54 different professions who were enrolled on a postgraduate training course to qualify as secondary education teachers. The instrument contained six variables for both quantitative and qualitative analysis: professional work, family (looking after children), feelings and emotions, household chores, body image and free time.FindingsHousehold chores, looking after children and gender roles linked to body image were those most indicated by both men and women. It is concluded that men participate little in bringing up children and household chores and that women continue to shoulder the responsibility. Both are concerned about their body image, but women have little self-acceptance of and satisfaction with their bodies and a stronger sense of being judged by how they look. Gender stereotypes persist, despite extensive legislation in Spain since 2004.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has limitations deriving from its choice of convenience sampling. Although it includes participants from six Spanish autonomous communities, the number from each region is not very high. Nevertheless, the sample is representative of almost all branches of knowledge (54 professions). Another limitation concerns the images used in the research instrument as a data collection strategy insofar, as they could not be obtained from a data bank specific to the research subject but instead had to be found in databases of general images. It can be inferred that a data collection strategy without any danger of bias would be to encourage each participant to design their own images, reflecting their perceptions and auto-perceptions of gender roles and stereotypes. The fact that there were no pre-existing studies using this type of research instrument in education sciences was a handicap for the investigation. Despite these methodological limitations, the results of the study may serve as a basis for implementing specific future actions originating from any area – but especially from the area of education – aimed at teaching people about equal roles in order to eliminate sexist sterotypes. This research was carried out as part of the Proyecto Diseño y Atención a las Oportunidades de Género en la Educación Superior (Project on Design and Gender Equality of Opportunities in Higher Education) funded by the Vicerrectorado de Cooperación al Desarrollo (Office for University Cooperation for Development) at the University of Alicante (Spain).Practical implicationsSpanish legislation has not been able to promote significant changes in the performance of traditional gender roles or to eliminate sexist stereotypes that perpetuate imbalances between men and women. The ideal and prevalent model of a Spanish woman is still that of a “self-sacrificing mother”, responsible for the household chores and childcare. She must combine this first job with a second profession, and, in addition, she must have a “desirable physical image”. The study puts forward various possible solutions for reducing and/or eradicating sexist attitudes with the participation of different social agents and in particular through education. The investigation could be of use when carrying out specific cross-sectional interventions on the subject of gender equality with students on postgraduate teacher training courses, for the purposes of encouraging the elimination of stereotypes and strengthening the capacity for critical judgement, positive self-concept and self-esteem.Originality/valueThe study may be useful for carrying out specific and transversal university training interventions in postgraduate teacher training on gender equality aimed at promoting the elimination of stereotypes, the strengthening of critical judgement capacity, positive self-concept and self-esteem.

Analysis on green innovation cooperation of government, industry, University and Research Institute from the perspective of evolutionary game under the conditions of informationization

Under the new normal of the economy where informatization and industrialization are deeply integrated, the balanced development of economy and ecology is increasingly important. How to promote the development of green innovation through policy means under the conditions of informatization and realize the balanced development of economy and ecology is a key issue for the government.. The development of informatization has facilitated the dissemination of information, knowledge, and funds between enterprises and academic institutions, promoted the establishment of mutual trust and cooperation between enterprises and academic institutions, and improved the efficiency of green technology knowledge conversion. Based on the evolutionary game theory, this paper constructs a game model of green innovation cooperation between government, industry, University and Research Institute, analyzes the strategy selection of government, enterprise and university research side in the game process, and studies the stability of green innovation cooperation of government, industry, University and Research Institute. The analysis results show that default fines, excess income, government subsidies, etc. have an impact on the benefits of green innovation, and on this basis, relevant policy recommendations are put forward for government-industry-university-research green innovation cooperation under the conditions of informatization.

Налагодження освітніх зв’язків університетів України з Туреччиною у перші десятиліття ХХІ ст.

Introduction. The article provides a comprehensive analysis of the cooperation of Ukrainian universities with Turkish Republic, which has developed in the XXI century. First of all, the history of the formation of relations, which became the basis for the establishment of modern educational cooperation, is shown. Prospects for further development of contacts between the states are also indicated. The content of cooperation is revealed on the basis of the analysis of reports of Ukrainian universities, scientists and certificates of the diplomatic mission of Ukraine in Turkey. The forms and directions of relations are shown, which have developed between higher educational institutions of Ukraine with Turkey in the XXI century. Purpose. The issue of educational cooperation between Ukraine and Turkey has been partially considered by domestic scholars, so it deserves detailed and comprehensive consideration. Results. Since gaining independence in 1991, Ukraine has sought to meet current trends in advanced educational standards. Educational cooperation allows Ukraine to learn from experience and transform its own education system. Ukraine already cooperates with many European countries, such as Poland, Lithuania, Germany, Great Britain and the Czech Republic. At the same time, Ukraine is developing cooperation with Asian countries. One of such countries is Turkish Republic, which has significant international influence in the world and is an important economic and geopolitical partner for Ukraine. Leading universities of Ukraine sign cooperation agreements and organize joint conferences with the Turkish side. Countries also implement academic mobility programs among students. Conclusion. Thanks to educational cooperation between the states, Ukraine increases its international prestige in the geopolitical and socio-cultural space. In general, partnerships contribute to the cultural enrichment of both countries. We hope that the educational contacts between Ukraine and Turkey will continue to strengthen, and that the Republic of Turkey will remain a successful partner of Ukraine in the field of education and science.

UNIVERSITIES AND SOCIETY: PROBLEMS OF COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT

The research relies on the assumption that universities in their activity and development significantly depend on the state and evolutionary stage of society in which they function. Universities respond to the demand of degree-seeking students for educational services that is generated within society. Thus, the state and evolutionary stage of society depend on implemented political and economic institutions. The problem of that sort of dependence emerges full-blown in the countries with hybrid and authoritarian regimes. A hybrid regime of the oligarchical kind has gained a foothold in Ukraine. The vast majority of studies of activities and development of Ukrainian universities are limited to intra-institutional format without critical analysis of the primary causes of these problems, which are rooted in the social context, that is methodologically incorrect. Therefore, the purpose and tasks of the research involve identifying and clarifying the central problems of the cooperation and development of universities and society that are produced by a hybrid regime of the oligarchical type. Nowadays, Ukrainian society doesn’t take on the role of the key stakeholder in the advancement of its universities due to economic backwardness, a lack of civilized competitive environment and ample employment opportunities upon the availability of diplomas of higher education ignoring requirements for actual proficiency of their owners. That sort of the state of the Ukrainian society is caused by a lack of the rule of law, monopolization of its political and economic spheres, the use of the state for private benefits, civil society’s failure to effectively and successfully secure from the abuses of authorities in their current activity. To overcome the problems restraining the progress of Ukrainian society and its universities, it is necessary to demonopolize the political and economic spheres, disengage business from politics, and create a civilized competitive environment through establishing the rule of law.

A more than useful cooperation of the Trakia university and the university of southampton under. The Erasmus+ programme

PURPOSE: The aims of this Erasmus+ are to establish an academic partnership, to exchange practice in teaching and research. In September 2016 was signed an inter-institutional agreement for staff mobility for teaching between the University of Southampton, UK and Trakia University, Bulgaria for the period 2016-2021. Assoc. Prof. Dr Borislav Dimitrov, a former colleague from Stara Zagora working at the University of Southampton and Assoc. Prof. Katya Peeva from the Medical faculty were the contact persons for this contract. RESULTS: Until the year 2020 in the program have participated six professors from the University of Southampton, who delivered lectures and courses to teaching staff at Trakia University “Introduction into Biostatistics with R” and “Medical Statistics using SPSS”. From the Medical Faculty the participants were four professors with lectures, seminars, posters and taking part as a teaching assistant in a statistical course at the University of Southampton. CONCLUSIONS: Assoc. Prof. Dr Borislav Dimitrov created a fantastic opportunity. The plus in Erasmus+ signifies learning as more than just an academic exercise. I'm sure that Borislav would have hoped we learn that academic endeavour and partnership could be an area able to rise above the differences between individual countries.

Investigation and discussion on Employment and Entrepreneurship based on the New Mode of School-Enterprise Cooperation in Colleges and Universities

In response to a country's call that "to" public entrepreneurship, has the innovation power of the motherland in the western region economic development, xi 'an university of science and technology institute of electrical and control engineering line 14 to Xinjiang to study Tours, the social market research, innovation teaching practice, the pioneering project development, enhance students' employment research as the theme of the summer social practice activity. Through field investigation, this paper discusses the development prospect of college students' entrepreneurship and employment under the new situation of school-enterprise cooperation.

Вища освіта України на шляху інтеграції в європейський освітній простір: досягнення та завдання подальшого розвитку

The work is devoted to the problem of modernization of the higher education system of Ukraine through the integration of higher education institutions into the European Higher Education Area. Based on the analysis of statistical data, it is concluded that the higher education system in Ukraine tends to curtail due to the presence of a number of problems, which negatively affects the formation of human capital. The importance of international cooperation with the EU in the educational sphere for the modernization of higher education has been substantiated. The institutional foundations of the formation of EHEA are investigated, the main priorities of its development at the present stage are determined. The legal principles of European integration of higher education in Ukraine are analyzed. The analysis of development of international cooperation between Ukrainian universities and their participation in The European educational programs is carried out. A positive trend towards an increase in the activity of Ukrainian universities in international cooperation has been revealed, which increases their positions in international rankings. The weaknesses of integration processes are identified and ways of improving the state policy to support the participation of universities in the EHEA are proposed.

Investigation of the environmental performance of a diesel engine when operating on multicomponent biofuel

Local types of fuels occupy 33.6% in the fuel balance of the Kirov region. The share of consumption of local fuels in the region is one of the highest in Russia.
 The Vyatka State University (VyatSU) in cooperation with the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy (BSAA) carry out the tests of the operation of automotive diesel engines on fuels with rapeseed oil (RO) and ethanol (E) additives, and spark internal combustion engines with generator gas (GG) additives. A new area of work of the scientific school is the study of the use of multicomponent compositions of biofuel compositions (MKBTK-15 and MKBTK-25). The use of such compositions as a fuel compensates some of their distinctive properties for further use in internal combustion engines without changing the design and adjustments.
 The use of alternative fuels (AF) in internal combustion engines is a main topic for research. However, the use of any AF requires that the environmental indicators of the engine remain within acceptable limits. An important task is to determine the dependences of the emissions of toxic components on the load.
 The use of MKBTK-15 and MKBTK-25 as AF for engines will improve the environmental situation in the region and reduce the need for commercial fuel. The operation of a diesel engine on multicomponent biofuel compositions makes it possible to reduce the smoke content of exhaust gases by 65% and 85%, the content of total nitrogen oxides remains at the same level or slightly decreases.
 There is a slight increase in the content of carbon dioxide СО2 up to 22.3%, but the solutions to this problem are already known. One of the ways is to preserve and increase boreal forests, which have great potential for absorbing greenhouse gases.

COOPERATION BETWEEN RUSSIA, KYRGYZSTAN, KAZAKHSTAN, TAJIKISTAN AND UZBEKISTAN WITHIN THE SCO AND THE EAEU

The review deals with prominent aspects of the interaction between the SCO Member States in the field of politics, economics, science and education. Special importance is attached to digitalization, youth projects, scientific and educational cooperation of universities and the activities of international information and scientific centres that have an impact on the integration processes in the Eurasian area.

СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ ПЕРЕКЛАДАЧІВ

The objective of this paper is to study the current trends in professional translator training within masters of art in translation study programs of world leading universities. The analysis of study programs represented on the web-sites of Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst, European Master’s in Translation, Keystone MASTERSTUDIES, MastersPortal, Postgrad is aimed at finding out the important and successful features in the context of teaching translation in the educational domain to studentsphilologists. Aspects and practices of translator training organization and implementation are studied. The analysis results reveal that preparation of professional translators is distinguished by a strong emphasis on practical translation work and is delivered through a combination of practice classes, workshops, translation project management practices, translation internship in close cooperation of universities with translation service providers, clients, organizations for professional translators, partner universities from the countries whose language is studied within the MA program, translation-related software providers. Practice classes and workshops are taught by staff who are professional translators, editors, reviewers, proofreaders, translation managers. Translation project management is realized in the mode of a simulated translation company staffed and run by students and authentic translation projects preparation and delivering. These project methods are an integrated part of the curriculum that earns credit points. Translation internship is arranged in translation agencies home and abroad, under the guidance of freelancers, in international organizations such as the European Parliament, the United Nations, translation departments of governmental and non-governmental institutions, media, cultural funds, museums, art galleries, local businesses and authorities. Affiliate membership of organizations for language practitioners provides students with useful contacts for building career, as well as interview coaching. Academic editions of translation tools familiarize them with terminology databases, translation memory software, computerassisted translation systems. Aspects and practices of MA in translation training under consideration are important from the point of view of translation pedagogy and have a great potential for being incorporated into the process of teaching translation of texts on education issues to students-philologists as they are aimed at increasing employability of graduates in the domain of translation.

Fine-tuning the Evaluation Focus in the University Cooperative Learning Model in Relation to the Pandemic

Due to the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) crisis, the University of Amsterdam faced a sudden need to shift our education to online learning. We experienced that radical impact given that we were amid efforts to restructure one of our courses in March, 2020. That restructuring, which focused on improved cooperative learning, would have required contact-based education. The sudden COVID-based shift to online learning limited the opportunities for cooperation, mutual knowledge sharing, and inspiration. Students needed more intensive stimulus to stay involved and active. We understood that more focus on evaluation helps educators to obtain better insight into the learning progress of students and to adapt the educational processes to improve students’ learning outcomes and their learning journey. We realized that traditional end-of-course evaluation alone does not suffice the new requirements of online education. We saw a need for continuous evaluations during the course to monitor the learning trajectory that students followed. In this paper, we share our experience about the changing role of evaluation due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and describe how evaluating effectiveness, success, efficiency impacts the online work with students.