Argentine University Research Articles

Tensiones y Conflictos /Los docentes - investigadores - extensores en la encrucijada de la educación superior

Este cuaderno N° 8, Nueva Época, año 2020, tiene como propósito presentarlos resultados de un trabajo que deriva de la producción colectiva de la investigaciónAmílcar Herrera 2018-2019, titulada: “Tensión y conflictos éticosentre individuos, colectivos, mercado e instituciones de investigación, en tornoa la autoría de la producción de conocimiento científico en el contexto dedocencia-investigación-extensión en universidades argentinas.” PROYECTON°:80020170100011LA Dirigida por el Dr. Andrés Mombrú Ruggiero1 y codirigidapor el Dr. Hugo Alazraqui.

Oportunidades y desafíos actuales de la investigación en Bibliotecología y Ciencia de la Información: el caso del Departamento de Bibliotecología de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina

This paper presents some thoughts on opportunities and challenges of research in Library and Information Science at the universities of Argentina. It show the case of research carried out by researchers at the Library Science Department of the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, from the information obtained from the curriculum vitae of its present professors. In spite of the difficulties of research in this discipline, this study shows that it is possible to transform challenges into opportunities, strengthening the research activity from both quantitative and qualitative perspective of the education, the participation in research projects, and the communication and dissemination of scientific results.

Measurement Invariance of the Prosocial Behavior Scale in Three Hispanic Countries (Argentina, Spain, and Peru).

In a growing context of multiculturalism, prosocial behavior is important to build effective social exchange and service orientation among university students. The present study investigates prosocial behavior from a psychometric approach, to obtain evidence of the internal structure of the prosocial behavior scale (PS), in 737 young people enrolled at universities in Argentina (207), Spain (310), and Peru (220). First, the clarity of the items was explored in the three countries; second, possible irrelevant patterns of response, such as the careless and extreme responses, were evaluated; third, the non-parametric Mokken methodology was applied to identify the basic properties of the scale score; fourth, the structural equation modeling (SEM) methodology was used to identify the properties of the internal structure (dimensionality, tau-equivalence) of the latent construct; fifth, the measurement invariance according to sex (intra-equivalence) and country (inter-equivalence) was examined with the SEM methodology and other complementary strategies. Finally, reliability and internal consistency were evaluated both at score level and at item level. Implications for use of the PS instrument are discussed.

Цифровизация управления университетами в России и в зарубежных странах как необходимая мера обеспечения их экономической безопасности

This publication is devoted to the problems of digitalization of university management, which the authors consider as a universal trend aimed at improving the management system in order to improve the quality of educational services and ensure dynamically sustainable and balanced development of universities. Research objectives: to determine the impact of digitalization (digitalization) on the development of the education management system; to identify the factors hindering the development of the education management system. Methodology: Based on a systemic and structural approach, as well as on key paradigms describing promising management transformations under the influence of digitalization, the authors studied the current state and potential of digitalization of management of universities in Russia, Argentina, Chile and Brazil (Latin American countries), and compared the indicators with similar data on the control group of countries (USA, China and Germany). Assessment and analysis were carried out using the expert method and the method of cluster analysis; the leading experts involved in the problems of public administration and digitalization of management of universities in Russia acted as experts. Results: It was found that digitalization of management has a significant potential for a positive impact on the competitiveness of educational services, on the quality of its pro-vision, on the sustainable, dynamic and balanced development of universities. The study revealed that there are cases of obvious breakthroughs in terms of digitalization of management of individual universities – and on their basis it is possible to build effective digitalization projects that can be adopted locally or replicated in the interests of intensive development and increasing the competitiveness of national higher education systems. The situation with the digitalization of university management in Russia and in the countries of Latin America selected for study is characterized by the presence of numerous common aspects, which suggests the possibility and validity of the implementation of universal solutions suitable for replication. The research materials were supplemented with the results of questionnaires and interviews of administrative managers working at universities. Conclusions. The analytical data obtained indicates that the universities of Russia and selected countries of Latin America remain catching up in the trends of global development of digitalization of management of higher education institutions, while universities in Russia, Chile, Brazil have a high potential for digitalization of management, primarily technological and personnel, and the assessment of the corresponding potential in the universities of Argentina is generally positive. Guided by the relevant data, as well as the materials of generalization of the digitalization practice of individual universities, it seems possible to significantly expand the horizons set by this study.

Características demográficas de estudiantes de odontología en seis universidades Argentinas

Características demográficas de estudiantes de odontología en seis universidades Argentinas

Las universidades como territorio de la disputa hegemónica de los agronegocios en Argentina. Un estudio exploratorio

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un estudio exploratorio de las estrategias materiales de instalación del discurso de los agronegocios en las universidades de Argentina. A partir de la recuperación de las principales dimensiones de la perspectiva gramsciana de la educación, analizamos algunas de las iniciativas desarrolladas por los impulsores del modelo de los agronegocios en el sistema de educación superior agropecuaria universitario de carácter privado y público. Para finalizar, desde dicho análisis, realizamos una reflexión sobre el papel que ocupan estas estrategias en la disputa por la hegemonía de los agronegocios.

EP1.12-40 Neuroendocrine Tumors of the Lung: Clinico-Pathological Characterization and Follow-Up of Patients Treated at an Argentinean University Hospital in the Last 10 Years

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies that arise from neuroendocrine cells throughout the body, most commonly from the lungs and gastrointestinal tract. Histological characteristics and clinical behaviour define lung NETs, which are classified into four groups: typical (TC) and atypical carcinoids (AC), large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). The identification and differentiation of TCs from ACs or LCNECs and SCLC is essential for treatment options and prognosis. We performed a retrospective review of patients with lung NETs treated in our institution in the last decade. We analysed histological confirmed primary lung NETs cases. Demographics, clinical characteristics, imaging, treatment and outcome are described for this patient population. A total of 91 patients with lung NETs were included; 28/91 (30.8%) were lung carcinoids (TC:14 and AT: 14) and 63/91 (69.2%) were high grade lung NETs (SCLC: 54 and LCNC: 9). Comparing low and high grade NETs groups of patients, we could identify differences in the following variables: mean age at diagnosis (51±14 vs 61 ±9 years, p=0.000), mean time from the beginning of symptoms to achievement of pathologic diagnosis (10.5±15.9 vs 3.9 ± 2.6 months, p=0.002), ECOG³2 (14% vs 42%, p=0.001), smokers (57% vs 95%, p=0.000), median % of Ki67 expression (4%, (1-30%) vs 50%, (20-90), p=0.000), history of inflammatory lung disease (18% vs 32%, p=0.028) and presence extra-thoracic disease at diagnosis (47% vs 68%, p=0.000). No statistically differences between groups were observed in: sex, family history of lung cancer, second diagnosis of cancer and body mass index at diagnosis. Functioning carcinoid syndrome was observed in 10% (3/28) of patients with lung carcinoids. For the entire cohort, the median overall survival (OS) was 19 months (IC95%: 14-24 months). The five year OS for patients with lung carcinoids was 62% and 13% for high grade NETs. In our series of lung carcinoids we observed a high frequency of: atypical carcinoids, advanced disease at presentation and smoking history. However, the 5-year overall survival is the expected for this population. More knowledge is needed about this entity in South American countries.

EP1.05-11 Integrating Radiological Features to CT Guided Lung Biopsy Results; The Experience of an Argentinean University Teaching Hospital

To analyze the radiological findings and the diagnostic accuracy of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsies (CT- PTNB) performed for the evaluation of patients with lung lesions derived to our center. We describe a retrospective review of 206 consecutive patients undergoing CT- PTNB of lung lesions performed between 2016 and 2019 at a single oncological referral center. Clinico-pathological data, including: age, smoking status, and previous cancer was described. Radiologic lesion's characteristics on CT; multiple or solitary, location, mean diameter (mm), type (mass³30 mm, nodule <30mm, other), mean distance to pleura, presence of consolidation, nodule edge, calcifications, presence of radiologic emphysema, ground glass component and PET-CT SUVmax were used to compare with lung biopsy results. The rate and factors associated with complications was also be reported. From 105 patients who underwent CT- PTNB and fulfilled inclusion criteria; 85 (81%) had pathologic confirmed cancer diagnosis, 3 (3%) had benign findings and 17 (16%) had inadequate samples for accurate diagnosis. The majority of patients were: male (57%) and the mean age was 63 years (32–88). Lung cancer was the main diagnosis (49/85; 58%) achieved through CT-PTNB; 71.2% of these cases had adenocarcinoma histology and 29% (14/49) had previous cancer diagnosis (35%: breast cancer) being the majority of them smokers (86%). Metastatic lesions (36/85; 42%) were: 44% melanoma-sarcoma, 38%: breast, colorectal, renal and cervix cancer and 18%: lymphoma, cervix, head and neck, lung and urothelial cancer. Primary lung cancer compared to lung metastases showed on CT images: mass presentation (63%vs33%; p=0.002), right superior lobe localization (47% vs 33%; p=0,016), solitary lesion (77% vs 53%; p=0,016), consolidation (22% vs 5%; p=0,033), central calcification (12% vs 0%; p=0,024), emphysema (55% vs 28%; p=0,009), mean major diameter (mm) (61±33 vs 36±24; p=0,000), mean distance to pleura (mm)(32±78 vs 86±12.7; p=0,014) and PET-CT mean SUVmax (8.8±10.63 vs 4.7±6.8; p=0.045). The complication rate of CT- PTNB was 18.5% (half of them practiced through right upper lung lobe, being pneumothorax the most common. Mean distance between pleura to CT- PTNB site was 10.54 vs 3.81 mm in complicated and non-complicated cases, respectively. Primary and metastatic lung lesions were safely pathologically evaluated by CT- PTNB. Radiological characteristics of the lesions can help in patient's initial assessment to predict their nature.

EL JUEGO EN PROYECTOS DE INNOVACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA. ESTRATEGIA INCLUSIV

Este artigo descreve os resultados finais de uma pesquisa qualitativa que tem como objetivo conhecer e compreender o lugar do jogo nos atuais projetos de inovação de ensino da uma universidade pública argentina. A metodologia utilizada foi a teoria fundamentada ou método de comparação constante. Foram utilizadas duas estratégias da coleta de dados: análise do texto (projetos aprovados e financiados) e entrevistas em profundidade (para gerentes de projeto). Para assegurar não só o acesso ao ensino superior, mas o interesse em estudar e a oportunidade de avançar estudos em tempo adequado, alguns professores fazem situações do jogo para ligar a dimensão prática do conhecimento construído com o domínio conceitual teórico dos objetos de estudo. Mesmo quando o jogo é mais antigo que a cultura, o contexto universitário o propõe como uma inovação.

Prácticas de retroalimentación en aulas universitarias de humanidades: Comentarios digitales docentes y perfiles estudiantiles de escritor

University studies imply the access to a disciplinary culture where knowledge production and the ways of communication it involve a learning process that needs to be taught in higher education. In connection with this, we present results obtained with regard to the feedback practices between teachers and freshmen students of Humanities, taking into account the ‘written digital comments’ (CEDs) provided by the teachers in the successive rewritings of presentations elaborated by the students in a gradual process. We aim to determine what kinds of CEDs are more frequent in the analyzed corpus and, depending on this, to establish interactions with different ‘writer's profiles’ (novices and experts), according to the criterion of the teacher-tutor. Data was gathered in a first year course from a public Argentinian university, where teachers carry out cycles of critical participative action-research, in which the students learn the ways of knowledge production, while writing a presentation and communicating/discussing it within a scientific event. Regarding the corpus, we have selected and classified the CEDs provided by a tutor in the different drafts of twelve student group presentations, attending to categories and subcategories referred to the ‘mode’ and to the ‘focus’. Partial results indicate that there would be quantitative differences in the CEDs of the tutor, in relation to the writer's different profiles, and certain similarities, in the orientations that the tutor provides about central aspects of academic discourse.

Dispositional and situational factors at work

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Core Self-Evaluations Scale (CSES) and the Brief Index of Affective Job Satisfaction (BIAJS) in terms of internal consistency and factor structure and to, subsequently, analyze the influence of a set of dispositional factors (namely, core self-evaluations, CSEs) and situational factors (namely, psychosocial factors) on job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approachIn total, 209 academics from an Argentinian university completed online surveys at two stages, separated in time, to reduce the common method bias.FindingsThe Spanish version of the CSES and the BIAJS showed acceptable psychometric properties, which were similar to those previously reported in North-American, European and Asian settings. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that both situational and dispositional factors are significant predictors of job satisfaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe CSES and the BIAJS seem to be valid and reliable instruments for assessing CSEs and job satisfaction, respectively, in Latin America. The adoption of an interactionist approach that includes both situational and dispositional factors is crucial in future research examining job satisfaction.Practical implicationsManagers should carefully evaluate the personality traits of candidates during personnel selection, as well as the working conditions they offer to their employees, since both factors seem to affect job satisfaction.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the validation of two scales that may promote future organizational behavior/psychology research in Latin America. In addition, it provides empirical evidence on the relative influence of a set of situational and dispositional factors on job satisfaction, thus contributing to the resolution of the person-situation debate.

Caillet Bois, director del Instituto y organizador de las Jornadas de métodos de investigación y enseñanza de la historia rioplatense y en Estados Unidos

Caillet Bois participa en la organización de las Jornadas de métodos de investigación y enseñanza de la historia rioplatense y en Estados Unidos. Colabora la Comisión Fullbright y el profesor Roland T. Ely quien presenta un programa académico sobre el que se basarán las jornadas realizadas entre 1966 y 1971. La continuidad de los encuentros, el dictado de cursos, la oferta de becas y los cambios geopolíticos, contribuyen a explicar la introducción y consolidación de los estudios de la historia de Estados Unidos en algunas universidades argentinas. Se intentará pasar revista al conjunto de trabajos presentados en estas seis reuniones académicas.

Linguistic ideologies of students entering an Argentine university

This work is part of the PROAPI Research Project “Reading and writing in the initial cycle of the Universidad Nacional de Avellaneda”. One of the axes developed in it is linguistic diversity in relation to academic writing processes. A significant percentage of our students are in a situation of languages ​​in contact, they can even be considered bilingual in a broad sense (Speranza, 2012). Considering these specificities in the academic field helps prevent linguistic differences from becoming linguistic inequality with the consequence of abandonment of university studies. Therefore, in the first stage of the investigation, we conducted a survey of incoming students, whose partial result we are interested in exhibiting in this work. One of the questions was to describe with a word or phrase a list of languages ​​that were offered in order to identify linguistic ideologies (del Valle, 2007). From the analysis carried out, it is observed that the predominant linguistic ideologies on the Quechua and Guaraní languages are built, on the one hand, in negative terms of emptiness and enigma, as an unknown terrain of which little and nothing can be said, and on the other, in terms affirmative based on the ideas of ethnicity and foreigners.

Violencia y universidad en la República Argentina

El presente trabajo analiza el tema de la violencia en la Universidad argentina durante las dos últimas dictaduras del siglo XX, haciendo hincapié en lo ocurrido en los claustros de la Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, cuando ellos estuvieron inmersos en graves conflictos que se sintieron particularmente en la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, en la de Arquitectura y en la entonces Escuela de Ciencias de la Información dependiente de la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Sociales (hoy Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación) y en uno de sus colegios: el Manuel Belgrano. Se sabe que cientos de personas fueron desaparecidas y otras tantas pasaron por las carceles de la ciudad de Córdoba en esos años, aunque no todas provenientes de esas unidades académicas.

Represión, control y disciplinamiento en la Universidad de Buenos Aires durante la última dictadura (1976-1983)

En los últimos años el campo de estudios sobre la universidad argentina y el movimiento estudiantil se han consolidado. Sin embargo, el sector estudiantil universitario durante la última dictadura ha permanecido poco analizado. Este trabajo se propone completar dicha vacancia, focalizando sobre las experiencias de dicho actor durante los años de represión más feroz. En particular, nos proponemos analizar el desarrollo de la política represiva y de disciplinamiento en la Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), entre 1976 y 1983, y sus efectos en la vida estudiantil, trabajando tanto con fuentes documentales como con testimonios orales. Así, complejizaremos nuestra comprensión sobre la vida universitaria más allá de la normativa aprobada.

Políticas de internacionalización de la educación superior en la Argentina

La internacionalización de la educación superior es un fenómeno cercano en el tiempo, el cual ha cobrado mayor impulso hacia finales de la década de los ´80 e inicios de la década de los 90 como producto de los cambios devenidos en las economías y sociedades debido al proceso de globalización. En Argentina y en la región, la internacionalización de la educación superior se ha acentuado en las últimas dos décadas. Esta tendencia se observa en el importante crecimiento de las actividades que académicos de universidades latinoamericanas desarrollan en universidades extranjeras, el alto número de estudiantes que cursan sus estudios en universidades de otros países; la multiplicación de programas de educación a distancia; la aparición de carreras de grado y posgrado con doble titulación; el surgimiento y consolidación de redes universitarias nacionales e internacionales y para la convergencia regional, entre otros aspectos. Este artículo se propone dar cuenta de aspectos generales, lineamientos, objetivos y estrategias puestas en marcha por las políticas de internacionalización de la República Argentina en las últimas décadas y en especial busca dar cuenta de una forma innovadora de desarrollo de la internacionalización: la promoción de las universidades en el exterior. El artículo se ha construido a partir de la recopilación e información pública sobre el desarrollo de los programas vinculados a la internacionalización de la Educación Superior a cargo del Ministerio de Educación de Argentina.El artículo incluye una síntesis teórica de los debates contemporáneos en torno a la internacionalización de la educación superior para luego dar cuenta de las principales acciones de la política pública en lo que respecta a los alcances y desafíos aún pendientes en materia de internacionalización de la educación superior en el país y en particular, del Programa de Promoción de la Universidad Argentina.

Motivational Regulation Strategies: A Questionnaire for its Measurement in Argentinian University Students

&lt;p&gt;The objective of this work was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a modified version of the Motivational Regulation Strategies Questionnaire of Wolters and Benzon (2013) in a sample of Argentinian university students. Thirty bilingual students answered the instrument in English and Spanish and the equivalence of the translation was analyzed. Spearman’s correlations between the original and the translated version were strong (.71 to .90), which showed the equivalence. Then, the adapted questionnaire (N = 329) was administered and its internal structure and internal consistency were analyzed. The exploratory factor analysis showed a questionnaire consisting of 37 items and eight factors. The scales showed good internal consistency indexes (? = .68 to ? = .95). The questionnaire evaluates value regulation, situational interest regulation, performance-approach regulation, performance-avoidance regulation, mastery-approach regulation, mastery-avoidance regulation, self-consequence, environmental structuring. The results and the need for new psychometric studies are discussed.&lt;/p&gt;

The impact of the Cabanis reform on the historical formation of the Argentine university and on higher education in health.

In this essay, we seek to evaluate the impact of the Cabanis reform on the configuration of the health education model that became hegemonic in Argentina. First, we analyze the restructuring of the French educational system triggered by the revolution of 1789, primarily in its political and institutional dimensions. Second, we briefly discuss the process of the social, ideological and institutional reconstruction of the health system in post-revolutionary France. Third, we introduce the Cabanis reform, a proposal for medical education based on professionalism, disciplinarity and specialization that resulted in a higher education system without universities, looking into its main curricular and pedagogical aspects. Finally, we evaluate the sequence of events and processes that, throughout the 19th century, with strong Cabanisian influence through the Idéologie, shaped both the principal features of teaching health and medicine and the higher education model based on faculties currently predominant in the Argentine Republic.

Argentinean Validation of the Factorial Structure of the Learning Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ)

Studies of self-efficacy that is linked to realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional (RIASEC) typology constitute a growing field of research because of its relevance to vocational and occupational choices. Particularly in Argentina, this line of research is still ongoing and requires valid and reliable measurement tools. The present work adapted the Learning Experiences Questionnaire (LEQ) in a sample of 721 university students (473 women, 248 men), 18–53 years old, from Córdoba, Argentina. The authors translated the items of the LEQ and corroborated the cultural adequacy of their content. The multiple factorial structure that was reported in previous studies in North American contexts was replicated using the multitrait-multimethod matrix. The results provide convergent and discriminant evidence of the scale for use with Argentinean university students. Limitations are discussed, and further lines of investigation are suggested.

EL APRENDIZAJE SERVICIO EN UNIVERSIDADES DE BUENOS AIRES: AVANZANDO HACIA SU INSTITUCIONALIZACIÓN

Service learning is having a wide spread in the international arena; if we focus on its development within Higher Education, more specifically in the Latin American context, we must undoubtedly refer to the Argentine University. A recent research and training stay in Buenos Aires, has allowed us to approach the reality that different universities are presenting on the inclusion of service learning within their structures. The review of institutional documentation, the visit of various projects and above all, the interviews with several agents involved in the establishment and development of it, have been helpful to understand the level of institutionalization that this proposal is achieving, as well as the challenges being presented to the future. All this is reflected in the analysis and the conclusions we recollect in the final closure