Universal Relevance Research Articles

ПРОФЕСІЙНА ПІДГОТОВКА МАЙБУТНІХ ВИХОВАТЕЛІВ ДО РОБОТИ З СІМ’ЯМИ УЧАСНИКІВ БОЙОВИХ ДІЙ

The study of the problem of professional training of future educators to work with the families of combatants acquires universal relevance, because it is designed in a special way to study issues of the development of the communicative competence of an individual. The article, based on scientific sources, reveals the professional training of future educators to work with families of combatants. The psychological and pedagogical studies of outstanding scientists were analyzed, in which it was stated that an important task of modern professional education is the training of specialists capable of contributing to the implementation of the state-societal approach to the development of the educational space, the integration of social institutions into the solution of priority socio-economic issues. It was found that an integral component of professional education is the professional training of future educators, which is interpreted by scientists as an objectively existing learning process (teaching and learning), assimilation of professional general pedagogical and methodical knowledge by the future teacher, development of relevant skills and abilities of the student during pedagogical practice; formation of his needs for self- education, self-improvement and self-realization; achieving for this purpose the unity of pedagogical theory and practice, fundamentality and mobility, scientificity and cultural relevance of professional knowledge. It is also stated that communication, which plays an important role in working with such families, is a necessary component of the future educator's professional activity for working with families of combatants. The individual approach to communication, which the future educator carries out, requires in-depth study and knowledge of each family member, his psychological and psychophysical features. The diagnostic methods used with children are presented, in particular: the children's version of the Wechsler test; "cards" of the three-fold Amen; children's version of the Rosenzweig method; children's version of the Eysenck personality questionnaire; R. Zhil's sociometric method; picture tests; technique of unfinished sentences; the Diembo-Rubinstein method.

CRITICAL REVIEW OF LITERARINESS IN CULTURAL CREATIVE DANCES PERFORMED IN THE KENYA SCHOOLS AND COLLEGES DRAMA FESTIVALS

The Kenya Schools and Colleges Drama Festival is a series of student-theatre competitions in, held from January to April annually. Students across all learning institutions take part in these festivals. The competitive nature of these festivals provides an opportunity for participants to be creative in their submissions. The festivals feature many genres, including cultural creative dances. Traditional dances, as a sub-genre of orature, play are integral to the appreciation and maintenance of traditional cultures. They tell creative or literary stories orally and in a modern context. Therefore, this article seeks to articulate how cultural creative dances performed during drama festivals tell creative or literary stories orally. The study sought to describe the literary stories told and themes addressed through the dances, analyse the dramatic and oral literary features of these stories and the literary features included during performance and adjudication of cultural creative dances. The study used descriptive and analytical methods to underline important practical, philosophical, aesthetic, and psychological considerations in determining the artistic quality of cultural dances in Kenya’s Drama Festivals. It thus relied on qualitative data obtained through textual analysis, interviews, focus group discussions and participant observation. The study employed the performance theory and theatre semiotics to examine the unique literary quality of these dances. The study found that cultural creative dances tell stories unique to the cultures from which they are composed. They also address themes of human or universal relevance out of those cultures. Moreover, cultural creative dances exhibit all features of literariness in terms of their composition. Some of these features make it to the stage performance and adjudication process. However, adjudication examines other technical aspects of production based on the themes prescribed for the festival by the government. This research underlines the place of cultural creative dance as dramatic genre and oral literary performance.

A comparative study of the definitions of intradialytic hypotension correlated with increased mortality to identify universal predictors

Intradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common complication in patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy. No consensus on the definition of intradialytic hypotension has been established so far. As a result, coherent and consistent evaluation of its effects and causes is difficult. Some studies have highlighted existing correlations between certain definitions of IDH and the risk of mortality for the patients. This work is mainly focused on these definitions. Our aim is to understand if different IDH definitions, all correlated with increased mortality risk, catch the same onset mechanisms or dynamics. To check whether the dynamics captured by these definitions are similar, we performed analyses of the incidence, of the IDH event onset timing, and checked whether there were similarities between the definitions in those aspects. We evaluated how these definitions overlap with each other and we evaluated which common factors could allow identifying patients at risk of IDH at the beginning of a dialysis session. The definitions of IDH we analyzed through statistical and machine learning approaches, showed a variable incidence on the HD sessions and had different onset time. We found that the set of parameters relevant for the prediction of the IDH was not always the same for the definitions considered. However, it can be observed that some predictors, such as the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes or heart disease, and a low pre-dialysis diastolic blood pressure, have shown universal relevance in highlighting an increased risk of IDH during the treatment. Among those parameters, the one that showed a major importance is the diabetes status of the patients. Diabetes or heart disease presence are permanent risk factors pointing out an increased IDH risk during the treatments, while, pre-dialysis diastolic blood pressure is instead a parameter that can change at every session and should be used to evaluate the specific risk to develop IDH for each session. The identified parameters could be used in the future to train more complex prediction models.

A field theory approach to international journalism: The case of Indian journalists in the middle east

Interest in Bourdieu’s field theory has been steadily growing within the field of journalism studies. Today the application of this theory is not limited to the Global North; journalism studies scholars employ it—rather unreservedly—to study news practices even in the Global South. This leads to the fundamental question whether “Western” media theories have universal relevance. Contributing to this longstanding debate, this article demonstrates one possible way in which journalism studies scholars can “provincialize” or translate Western theories for contexts outside the occidental world: by opening them up to critical ideas from and interdisciplinary scholarship on the Global South. The article operationalizes this approach by using field theory to analyze non-Western journalism cultures. It examines the range of negotiations that Indian journalists in the Middle East undertake to produce vernacular news, revealing the need to not only interrogate conventional media practices but also scholarly lenses that often guide our understanding of mediated processes.

Made to measure: The Dress and the politics of sexual citizenship

This article examines questions of sexual citizenship in The Dress, directed by Tadeusz . It situates the film’s narrative alongside disability studies’ repositioning in a social model of the sexuality of people with disabilities. It argues that interpreting The Dress as a contribution to discourse about sexual inclusivity is not at odds with seeing the film as one in which the representation of human desires and frustrations assumes a universal relevance. Analysis of mise en scène and comparisons drawn from art history query the film’s use of aesthetics. Reference to Intimate Encounters 20 Years On underscores cultural specificities in turn between conservativism and progressivism.

Perceptual grouping in complex rhythmic patterns.

Perception of simple temporal patterns has been shown to rely on accentuations in terms of intensity, pitch, or timbre, but also on grouping according to runs of the same events (intervals between successive sounds or light flashes) or significant gaps between them (Garner in The processing of information and structure. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1974; Preusser et al. in Am J Psychol 83(2):151-170 in 1970; Royer and Garner in Percept Psychophys 1(1):41-47, 1966; Royer and Garner in Percept Psychophys 7(2):115-120, 1970; Yu et al. in Atten Percept Psychophys 77(8):2728-2739, 2015). Here we investigate whether the run and gap principles can also account for participants' perceived start of complex rhythmic patterns. We also investigated the role of participants' musical training. Sixteen novices and 16 amateur musicians listened to rhythmic patterns and indicated perceived starting points by a single tap with a drumstick on electronic pads. Auditory patterns contained prominent gaps, runs, or a combination of the two for target intervals. We systematically varied task complexity in terms of the target durations of intervals constituting the patterns and overall tempos. Overall, run and gap principles proved to be useful grouping principles accounting for a large proportion (59.2%) of the selected starting positions underlining the universal relevance of these principles. Grouping principles were not as successful in predicting the perceived start of a rhythmic pattern compared to previous studies. Results indicate that additional grouping principles must be at play. Predictive power of the grouping principles varied depending on the structure of rhythmic patterns. For rhythmic patterns including longer intervals (i.e., longer gaps) the gap principle alone or in combination with the run principle showed the strongest predictive power. Novices and amateur musicians were similar in their usage of grouping principles suggesting that the underlying principles might be equally at the dispositions of performers and listeners.

Self-Control, Rationality, Ethics, and Mutual Respect: A Dominican Poet Addresses His Audience and Calls Them to Reason. Ulrich Bonerius’s The Gemstone (1350)

Fable literature from Greek antiquity (Aesop) to today, from East and West, has proven to be of universal relevance and timeless meaning, even if modern generations seem to ignore increasingly that genre as something old-fashioned. Nevertheless, the timeless value of fables finds particularly powerful expression in the collection of fables, Der Edelstein, by the Dominican Swiss-German poet Ulrich Bonerius (ca. 1350). Whereas many historians have commonly tried to identify the Middle Ages as a world or culture all on its own, determined by an alien mentality, maybe even inaccessible for us in hermeneutic terms (Jauss), these fables allow us to comprehend fourteenth-century people and their concerns and ideas much more intimately than previously assumed because they commonly address universal issues people have always faced in their interaction with society. The article offers first a critical assessment of mostly erroneous assumptions about the Middle Ages and then illustrates the universal concerns shared by that past culture and us today by way of a close examination of a selection of fables by Bonerius. We discover here remarkable examples of ethical, moral, but especially rational concepts about good and respectable life. Little wonder that the Edelstein exerted such a long-term appeal far into the early sixteenth century, and that I was then rediscovered and greatly appreciated by late eighteenth-century scholars and writers. Bonerius offers many fables in which he formulates many observations and comments that reveal a rational universality in their content. 

Data-driven assessment framework of health cities for elderly individuals in China

The “Healthy Cities Project” is a well-recognized response to the health challenges associated with rapid urbanization. While previous studies have adopted qualitative or quantitative methods to guide the development of healthy cities for elderly individuals, they do not offer an assessment framework based on stakeholders' expectations or the interdependent relationships among aspects of the assessment. To address these challenges, this study proposes a hybrid method that integrates quantitative normalization, exploratory factor analysis and reliability tests, Google Trends data transformation, and the fuzzy synthetic method with the decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory method to develop a data-driven assessment framework. The results reveal that (1) current developments exhibit imbalances in regional performance and among socioeconomic, health, and societal factors; (2) the development of healthy cities should take public expectations into account, which may help to address the issues stemming from the abovementioned imbalances; (3) healthy cities for elderly individuals in China have their own characteristics for development (concentrating on socioeconomic aspects), and these characteristics differ from the characteristics of similar cities worldwide (focusing on the environment). The results demonstrate the importance of health and stakeholder interests, which may have universal relevance for correcting imbalance issues worldwide.

The Revised Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP-8): Evidence for Validity across Four Countries

Subclinical sadism, characterized by infliction of cruelty, aggression, or humiliation on another for subjugation or pleasure, provides important information in the prediction of aversive behaviors that have implications for individuals’ and society’s well-being worldwide. Given sadism’s universal relevance, it is imperative that researchers ensure valid and reliable trait measurement not only among English-speaking individuals, but also cross-nationally among countries in which sadism remains relatively understudied. The objective of the current research was to validate the revised version of the Assessment of Sadistic Personality (ASP-8) (Plouffe et al., 2017) across samples of Russian (n = 1087, M age = 37.36, SD = 10.36), Greek (n = 1195, M age = 35.64, SD age = 13.08), Serbian (n = 443, M age = 28.10, SD age = 6.60), and British (n = 511, M age = 28.50, SD age = 11.62) adults. Overall, results supported the reliability, dimensionality, and scalar/partial scalar measurement invariance of the ASP-8 across cross-national samples. Convergent and discriminant validity were mostly supported through correlations with general personality traits, the Dark Triad, emotional intelligence, mental toughness, depression, anxiety, stress, satisfaction with life, aggression, and attitudes toward social groups. Based on our findings, we recommend the use of the ASP-8 in future investigations of aversive traits.

Une nouvelle masculinité ? L’autobiographie de genre d’Ivan Jablonka

After his essay Des hommes justes: Du patriarcat aux nouvelles masculinités (2020), Historian-writer Ivan Jablonka felt compelled to publish an autobiographical account of his personal experience growing up and being raised as a boy entitled Un garçon comme vous et moi (2021). This article investigates the originality of Ivan Jablonka’s individual perception of manhood in a collective “gender autobiography” bridging social sciences with literature, and discusses the universal quality and relevance of his appeal to new ways of thinking masculinity.

Phase formation prediction of high-entropy alloys: a deep learning study

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) represent prospective applications considering their outstanding mechanical properties. The properties in HEAs can be affected by the phase structure. Artificial neural network (ANN) is a promising machine learning approach for predicting the phases of HEAs. In this work, a deep neural network (DNN) structure using a residual network (RESNET) is proposed for the phase formation prediction of HEAs. It shows a high overall accuracy of 81.9%. Compared it with machine learning models, e.g., ANN and conventional DNN, its Micro-F1 score highlights the advantages of phase prediction of HEAs. It can remarkably prevent network degradation and improve the algorithm accuracy. It delivers a new path to develop the phase formation prediction model using deep learning, which can be of universal relevance in assisting the design of the HEAs with novel chemical compositions.

Aesthetics for everyday quality: one way to enrich healthcare improvement debates

In this paper we seek to illuminate the importance of aesthetics for healthcare quality and encourage more explicit discussion of aesthetics in healthcare improvement scholarship and practice. We hope to...

Microscale electrochemical imaging of bacterial biofilms with CMOS sensor arrays

Despite the universal relevance of electrochemistry to biology, it remains challenging to directly measure spatio-chemical information at cellular scales. Here we present a new CMOS multimodal sensor platform which contains a dense array of more than 100,000 microscale sensing pixels. Using these sensors, we can produce chemical images at 10 micron resolution, over a field of view of up to 5 millimeters. Without any fluorescent dyes, lenses, or scanning probes, the semiconductor chips produce spatially-resolved electrochemical images of living cells or tissues.

A Core Outcome Set for Trials in Glomerular Disease: A Report of the Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Glomerular Disease (SONG-GD) Stakeholder Workshops.

Outcomes reported in trials in adults with glomerular disease are often selected with minimal patient input, are heterogeneous, and may not be relevant for clinical decision making. The Standardized Outcomes in Nephrology-Glomerular Disease (SONG-GD) initiative aimed to establish a core outcome set to help ensure that outcomes of critical importance to patients, care partners, and clinicians are consistently reported. We convened two 1.5-hour workshops in Melbourne, Australia, and Washington, DC, United States. Attendees were identified purposively with 50 patients/care partners and 88 health professionals from 19 countries; 51% were female. Patients and care partners were from the United States, Australia, and Canada, and had experience of a glomerular disease with systemic features (n=9), kidney-limited nephrotic disease (n=9), or other kidney-limited glomerular disease (n=8). Attendees reviewed the results of the SONG-GD Delphi survey and aims of the workshop and then discussed potential core outcomes and their implementation in trials among moderated breakout groups of eight to 12 people from diverse backgrounds. Transcripts of discussions were analyzed thematically. Three themes were identified that supported the proposed core outcomes: limiting disease progression, stability and control, and ensuring universal relevance (i.e., applicable across diverse populations and settings). The fourth theme, preparedness for implementation, included engaging with funders and regulators, establishing reliable and validated measures, and leveraging existing endorsements for patient-reported outcomes. Workshop themes demonstrated support for kidney function, disease activity, death, life participation, and cardiovascular disease, and these were established as the core outcomes for trials in adults with glomerular disease. Future work is needed to establish the core measures for each domain, with funders and regulators central to the uptake of the core outcome set in trials.

Recycled water reuse: what factors affect public acceptance?

SummaryGlobally, water resources are under immense and increasing pressure. This, coupled with the threat of climate change, has increased global interest in water reuse. However, global water reuse remains limited because of public opposition. This paper thus examines public perceptions and attitudes to water reuse across the world. It finds that results from studies of water reuse acceptance have tended to be context specific, although claims can be made about the universal relevance of some predictors, underscoring the need for individual water reuse schemes to carefully consider their local context. Disgust remains a constant in the public psyche, while public trust in delivery agents as well as how water reuse is communicated vis-à-vis perceptions about the quality and safety of recycled water are also critical. The latter particularly highlights public concerns about the indeterminate health risks associated with water reuse.

Resource constrained innovation in a technology intensive sector: Frugal medical devices from manufacturing firms in South Africa

Most medical devices are designed by western firms from efficient innovation systems with a focus on their home markets. A disproportionately high percentage of imported medical devices in low resource settings become non-functional. Despite interest from global health and innovation studies, little is known about firms in emerging markets appreciative of challenges in their home environments. Using empirical evidence from innovative manufacturing firms in South Africa, this study investigates frugal orientation and mechanisms to innovate under resource constraints, in a technology intensive sector typically under the purview of western firms. Systematic analysis of six devices by adapting a global health lens reveals that while some innovations specifically address health challenges of low resource, others are more affordable technological innovations with universal relevance and some frugal elements. Resource constrained innovation strategies involved building advanced internal manufacturing capabilities to overcome institutional voids while forging multiple knowledge collaborations to complement inhouse capabilities. This drives frugality around design, engineering and manufacturing processes. Innovation delivery strategies are complementary to these processes. The evidence suggests fundamentally new products were designed in collaborative bottom up processes. The role of the state and global non-profits in harnessing frugal innovations for public health was found to be critical.

Speeding up turbulent reactive flow simulation via a deep artificial neural network: A methodology study

Turbulent reactive flow simulation often requires accounting for turbulence-chemistry interactions and the sub-grid phenomena. Their complexity leads to a trade-off between computational efficiency on one hand and computational accuracy on the other. We attempt to bridge this gap by coupling the power of machine learning with the turbulent reactive flow simulation, specifically in the form of a deep artificial neural network. The Lagrangian Monte Carlo method is chosen as a demonstration case as it is one of the most accurate models for turbulent reactive flow simulation, but also one of the most time-consuming. The workflow consists of training data generation, deep neural network construction, and implementation in ANSYS-Fluent, followed by an evaluation of model accuracy and efficiency, which results in an order of magnitude faster simulation without loss of accuracy thanks to our data-driven deep neural network. This approach can be of universal relevance in speeding up time-consuming models in the field of reactive flow simulation.

A general approach to explore prokaryotic protein glycosylation reveals the unique surface layer modulation of an anammox bacterium.

The enormous chemical diversity and strain variability of prokaryotic protein glycosylation makes their large-scale exploration exceptionally challenging. Therefore, despite the universal relevance of protein glycosylation across all domains of life, the understanding of their biological significance and the evolutionary forces shaping oligosaccharide structures remains highly limited. Here, we report on a newly established mass binning glycoproteomics approach that establishes the chemical identity of the carbohydrate components and performs untargeted exploration of prokaryotic oligosaccharides from large-scale proteomics data directly. We demonstrate our approach by exploring an enrichment culture of the globally relevant anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacterium Ca. Kuenenia stuttgartiensis. By doing so we resolve a remarkable array of oligosaccharides,which are produced by two seemingly unrelated biosynthetic routes, andwhich modify the same surface-layer protein simultaneously. More intriguingly, the investigated strain also accomplished modulation of highly specialized sugars, supposedly in response to its energy metabolism-the anaerobic oxidation of ammonium-which depends on the acquisition of substrates of opposite charges. Ultimately, we provide a systematic approach for the compositional exploration of prokaryotic protein glycosylation, and reveal a remarkable example for the evolution of complex oligosaccharides in bacteria.

Bugs, Burrow, Inquisitor: Dostoevskian Intertexts in Eyeless in Gaza

The present article is devoted to the discussion of intertextual connections between Aldous Huxley’s Eyeless in Gaza (1936) and three works by Dostoevsky: Notes from the Underground(1864), Crime and Punishment (1869) and The Brothers Karamazov (1880, Grand Inquisitor scene). As is well-known, the Dostoevskian novel of ideas was a major inspiring force for Aldous Huxley’s art: Huxley’s rewriting of the Grand Inquisitor episode in Brave New World (1932) is probably the best-known case in point. Nonetheless, insufficient critical attention has been devoted to the actual intertextual connections between the two novelists’ output. As I have demonstrated earlier, on closer inspectionPoint Counter Point (1928) turns out to be a rewriting of Devils (1872), which, however, alsoproves to be a low point in Huxley’s assessment of Dostoevsky – a companion piece to his incidental vicious critique included in his 1929 essay on Baudelaire, in which Huxley also targets spiritual quest. Let me argue that Eyeless in Gaza can be read as a sequel to that polemic, in which a change of Huxley’s attitude to Dostoevsky is clearly notable: the novel provides a much more subtle and even respectful critique of Dostoevsky by implying the universal relevance of the Dostoevskian underground to the understanding of the modern human condition and by re-embracing spiritual quest.

Boosting the Catalytic Performance by Confining Rich Carbon Atoms over Graphite Carbon Nitride Structure

In this study, the porous ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride (CN) nanosheets with rich C and nitrogen defects were prepared by one-step calcining the mixture of melamine and glucose (Glu) in air atmosphere (Glu-CN). Introducing simultaneously rich C atoms and nitrogen defects into CN structures continuously modulates the bandgaps from 2.67 to 1.81 eV of CN photocatalysts. Due to large surface area, more active sites, remarkably longer lifetime of charge carriers and adjustable band gap structure, the prepared ultrathin porous CN nanosheets show the enhanced photocatalytic performance for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light. The degradation efficiency of optimal CN nanosheet photocatalyst for MO is 5.75 times that of bulk CN. This work provides a facile and universal relevance approach to engineer the band structures of CN by introduction of rich C and porous morphology for high-performance photocatalytic, which can provide informative principles for the design of efficient photocatalysis systems for solar energy conversion.