Universal Module Research Articles

Whittaker modules over loop Virasoro algebra

In this paper, we study Whittaker modules over the loop Virasoro algebra relative to some total order. We give a description of all Whittaker vectors for the universal Whittaker modules. We also show that any universal Whittaker module admits a unique simple quotient modules except for a special case.

Structure and Proposed Mechanism for the pH-Sensing Helicobacter pylori Chemoreceptor TlpB

pH sensing is crucial for survival of most organisms, yet the molecular basis of such sensing is poorly understood. Here, we present an atomic resolution structure of the periplasmic portion of the acid-sensing chemoreceptor, TlpB, from the gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori. The structure reveals a universal signaling fold, a PAS domain, with a molecule of urea bound with high affinity. Through biophysical, biochemical, and invivo mutagenesis studies, we show that urea and the urea-binding site residues play critical roles in the ability of H.pylori to sense acid. Our signaling model predicts that protonation events at Asp114, affected by changes in pH, dictate the stability of TlpB through urea binding.

Simulation Investigation of Mixed Absorption Refrigeration Air-Conditioning System

The mixed absorption refrigeration cycle which was suitable for the solar air-conditioning was presented. On the base of characters of working process, the models of each component were established in the paper. The universal module of thermo-physical properties of LiBr solution and water was written, control flow graph of program was given and simulation program of the mixed absorption refrigeration system was developed. The simulation results showed that the relations between LiBr solution concentrations and performance of mixed absorption system. The simulation program provided theoretical rules of optimization designs for commercial solar absorption air-conditioning.

Whittaker pairs for the Virasoro algebra and the Gaiotto-Bonelli-Maruyoshi-Tanzini states

Whittaker modules for two families of Whittaker pairs related to the subalgebras of the Virasoro algebra generated by Lr, …, L2r and L1, Ln are analyzed. The structure theorems for the corresponding universal Whittaker modules are proved and some of their consequences are derived. All the Gaiotto [e-print arXiv:0908.0307] and the Bonelli-Maruyoshi-Tanzini [J. High Energy Phys. 1202, 031 (2012)10.1007/JHEP02(2012)031] states in an arbitrary Virasoro algebra Verma module are explicitly constructed.

Global Electronic Dominance with Spatial Grasp

A high-level control technology will be revealed that can dynamically establish overwhelming dominance over distributed networked systems with embedded electronic devices and any communications between them. It is based on implanting of universal control modules (that may be concealed) into key system points which collectively interpret complex but compact mission scenarios in a special high-level Distributed Scenario language (DSL). Self-evolving and self-spreading in networks, matching them in a super-virus mode, DSL scenarios can analyze their structures and states and set up any behavior needed, including creation of benign or elimination of unwanted infrastructures. The scalable technology allows us to convert any distributed networked systems into a sort of integral spatial brain capable of analyzing and withstanding unpredictable situations in a variety of important domains.

Evaluation method for the potential functionome harbored in the genome and metagenome

BackgroundOne of the main goals of genomic analysis is to elucidate the comprehensive functions (functionome) in individual organisms or a whole community in various environments. However, a standard evaluation method for discerning the functional potentials harbored within the genome or metagenome has not yet been established. We have developed a new evaluation method for the potential functionome, based on the completion ratio of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional modules.ResultsDistribution of the completion ratio of the KEGG functional modules in 768 prokaryotic species varied greatly with the kind of module, and all modules primarily fell into 4 patterns (universal, restricted, diversified and non-prokaryotic modules), indicating the universal and unique nature of each module, and also the versatility of the KEGG Orthology (KO) identifiers mapped to each one. The module completion ratio in 8 phenotypically different bacilli revealed that some modules were shared only in phenotypically similar species. Metagenomes of human gut microbiomes from 13 healthy individuals previously determined by the Sanger method were analyzed based on the module completion ratio. Results led to new discoveries in the nutritional preferences of gut microbes, believed to be one of the mutualistic representations of gut microbiomes to avoid nutritional competition with the host.ConclusionsThe method developed in this study could characterize the functionome harbored in genomes and metagenomes. As this method also provided taxonomical information from KEGG modules as well as the gene hosts constructing the modules, interpretation of completion profiles was simplified and we could identify the complementarity between biochemical functions in human hosts and the nutritional preferences in human gut microbiomes. Thus, our method has the potential to be a powerful tool for comparative functional analysis in genomics and metagenomics, able to target unknown environments containing various uncultivable microbes within unidentified phyla.

Methods of choosing universal logic modules for FPGAs and ASIC

A short review is given of structures of universal logic modules (ULMs) used by leading manufacturers of FPGAs and SASICs. A brief description is presented of the proposed approach to optimal selection of the design of ULMs. The results are given of numerical experiments on the selection of the ULM with the optimal number of inputs. The results have been obtained with the help of the software prototype developed to optimize the design of the ULM.

Redirection of Immune Effector Cells by Bispecific Antibody Systems for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia

Abstract 1528Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common diagnosed cancer affecting the myeloid line of immune cells in adults. Although chemotherapy initially leads to a remission of the disease in 60–80% of the cases, an enormous number of these patients (50–80%) relapse. Hence, new adjuvant therapeutic strategies for the elimination of minimal residual disease (MRD) are needed.One novel attractive approach is based on recombinant bispecific antibodies (bsAb). BsAb are able to mediate a direct cross-link between T cells and tumor cells. This in turn leads to a polyclonal, MHC- and TCR-independent activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells for the effective killing of the recognized target cells. A front runner in this field is the bsAb blinatumomab with dual specificity for CD3 and CD19 which is already used successfully in first clinical trials for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas.The development of a novel bsAb is usually very time-consuming and includes a series of individual optimization steps to achieve optimal reactivity with lowest possible side effects. The aim of the present work was therefore to establish a novel, more flexible, less time-consuming, modular cell targeting system and to compare its efficiency and sensitivity with classical bsAb.For the immunotargeting of AML by recombinant antibodies we selected the transmembrane glycoprotein CD33, because 90% of the AML patients have CD33-positive blasts irrespective of the underlying AML-subtype. We developed (i) a novel fully humanized bsAb with dual specificity for CD3 and CD33 and in addition (ii) a novel modular cell targeting system which consists of two different recombinant antibody components (figure 1). The first component (targeting module) is an exchangeable linker module composed of an anti-CD33 single-chain fragment variable (scFv) and a peptide epitope (E). The second component (universal effector module) is a bsAb with antigen binding specificity for the CD3-complex on T cells and for the peptide epitope of the scFv-based linker module. Together both molecules are able to form protein complexes similar to bsAb. [Display omitted] The functionality of both immunotargeting systems was examined by performing chromium (51Cr) release assays. As target cells both AML blasts from patients and artificially overexpressing CD33-positive tumor cells were used. Both the direct targeting system consisting of a classical novel humanized anti-CD33-anti-CD3 bsAb and the modular cell targeting system efficiently killed CD33-positive targets cells down to picomolar concentrations (figure 2). [Display omitted] Compared to the classical bsAb the novel modular cell targeting has a series of advantages: Just by replacing the targeting module the system can be easily modified for retargeting of T cells against other tumor antigens. Moreover, using linker modules with dual specificities enables a multi-specific targeting which may improve the targeting specificity and thereby might increase the success of an immunotherapy.Taken together, here we present for the first time two novel fully functional humanized, recombinant Ab-based systems for the immunotargeting of CD33+ AML blasts by CD3+ T cells. The obtained data indicate that both the direct cross-linking anti-CD3-anti-CD33 bsAb and the modular cell targeting system hold great potential as an adjuvant cancer immunotherapy for the elimination of MRD in AML-patients. Disclosures:No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Single Core Hardware Module to Implement Boolean Function Classification Techniques

Problem statement: Boolean function classification plays an important role in the field like technology mapping for digital circuit design, function mapping for minimization and the development of universal logic modules. Approach: In this study, we present a single core hardware module to implement Boolean function classification techniques on Altera FLEX10K FPGA device for lossless data compression. The compression algorithm was performed by incorporating Boolean function classification into Huffman coding. This allows compression that was more efficient because the data had been categorized and simplified before the encoding was done. Simulation, timing analysis and circuit synthesis were commenced to verify the functionality and performance of the designated circuits which supports the practicality, advantages and effectiveness of the proposed single core hardware implementation. Results: The result shows a higher compression ratio. The average compression ratio was 25-37.5% from numerous testing with various text inputs with a maximum clock frequency of 27.9 MHz. Conclusion: The hardware implementation demonstrated complete, correct functionality and met all the initial system requirements.

Characterization of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in the Curcuma longa expressed sequence tag database.

Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signal transduction modules that play crucial role in plant growth and development as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. 20 and 17 MAPKs have been characterized in Arabidopsis and rice respectively, which are used for identification of the putative MAPKs in other higher plants. However, no MAPK gene sequences have yet been characterized for asexually reproducing plants. We describe the analysis of MAPK EST sequences from Curcuma longa (an asexually reproducible plant of great medicinal and economic significance). The four Curcuma MAPKs contains all 11 MAPK conserved domains and phosphorylation-activation motif, TEY. Phylogenetic analysis grouped them in the subgroup A and C as identified earlier for Arabidopsis. The Curcuma MAPKs identified showed high sequence homology to rice OsMPK3, OsMPK4 and OsMPK5 suggesting the presence of similar key element in signaling biotic and abiotic stress responses. Although further in vivo and in vitro analysis are required to establish the physiological role of Curcuma MAPKs, this study provides the base for future research on diverse signaling pathways mediated by MAPKs in Curcuma longa as well as other asexually reproducing plants.

Whittaker modules over Virasoro-like algebra

In this paper, we study Whittaker modules over Virasoro-like algebra relative to some total order. We determine all Whittaker vectors and the irreducibilities of the universal Whittaker modules. For the reducible ones, we determine their unique maximal submodules, and the corresponding irreducible quotient modules are just those modules constructed by Batra et al. [J. Algebra 322(12), 4163–4180 (2009)]. Using their results we can deduce more properties on the maximal submodules and irreducible modules.

Low-Cost Remote Patient Monitoring System Based on Reduced Platform Computer Technology

Telemedicine is a well-accepted method providing healthcare benefits to people over long distances. However, in normal telemedicine practices, dedicated complex hardware and network backbones for data collection and communication make the system unintelligible to the common man. Centralization of telemedicine units also makes it accessible only to the immediate surrounding community. In an attempt to address these issues, a study aimed at developing a low-cost remote patient monitoring (RPM) system based on reduced platform computer technology has been carried out. The main focus of the work was to develop a real-time, universal serial bus plug-in module for a portable RPM system, specifically the XO Laptop. In addition, this system is also intended to serve as an educational tool especially for the One Laptop per Child target community. This article discusses data collection, preprocessing, and constraints such as network bandwidth and power availability prior to data transmission over a user datagram protocol (UDP)-based network.

ZmMKK4 regulates osmotic stress through reactive oxygen species scavenging in transgenic tobacco

Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKKs) are important components of MAPK cascades, which are universal signal transduction modules and play important role in regulating both plant development and biotic or abiotic stress responses. In this study, we identified the group C MAPKK gene, ZmMKK4, in maize (Zea mays L.). Overexpression of ZmMKK4 in tobacco enhanced tolerance to osmotic stress by increased proline content and antioxidant enzyme (POD) activities compared with wild-type plants. RT-PCR revealed that one peroxidase (POX) gene, NtPOX1, was higher in ZmMKK4-overexpressing plants than in the wild-type plants. In addition, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ZmMKK4-overexpressing plants is much less than that of wild-type plants. These results suggest that ZmMKK4 may be involved in ROS signaling. Taken together, these results indicate that ZmMKK4 is a positive regulator of osmotic stress by regulating scavenging of ROS in plants.

Design and implementation of HexBot: A modular self-reconfigurable robotic system

This paper proposes the design and implementation of a planar hexagonal modular self-reconfigurable robotic system (MSRRS). A universal module is carefully designed to reflect the primary required criteria such as homogeneity, cost-effectiveness, fast actuation, and quick strong connections. While our working prototype is both large and restricted to a planar motion, it is designed so that the hardware and software can be scaled up in the number of units and down in unit size and it can be extended to accommodate 3D applications. One of the novel approaches in our design is that it is based on a multilayer approach where each layer is dedicated to perform a specific task; in other words, the design itself is considered to be modular. This multilayer approach in both the hardware and the software enables each layer to be modified and enhanced while keeping the remaining layers untouched, providing openness, flexibility, and ease of modification. The software infrastructure of this system is designed to allow the implementation of different hierarchies for distributed control and communication.

In Silico Identification and Evolutionary Analysis of Plant MAPKK6s

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signal transduction modules in plants. Linking upstream MAPK kinase kinase (MAPKKK) to downstream MAPK, MAPK kinase (MAPKK) plays a crucial role in MAPK cascade. MAPKK6 is one member of the MAPKK family. In this study, we have found that plant MAPKK6 genes are widely distributed in different plant species, including moss, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. However, no MAPKK6 can be found in genomes of algae. Analysis of exon–intron organization and intron phase showed that plant MAPKK6s are highly conserved genes during plant evolution. In Physcomitrella patens, Selaginella moellendorffii, and Picea glauca, MAPKK6s exist as multicopy genes. In most high plants, however, MAPKK6s exist as single-copy. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the occurrence of single-copy of MAPKK6s in high plants is likely because of genomic copy-number loss.

Development and Implementation of IEC 61131-3 Virtual Machine

Virtual machine described in the paper is a runtime program for controllers in small distributed systems. The machine executes intermediate universal code similar to an assembler, compiled in CPDev engineering environment from source programs written in control languages of IEC 61131-3 standard. The machine is implemented as a C program, so it can run on different target platforms. Data formats and commands of the machine code are presented, together with the machine's Petri-net model, C implementation involving universal and platform-dependent modules, target hardware interface, input/output programming mechanisms, and practical applications.

Expression analysis of five maize MAP kinase genes in response to various abiotic stresses and signal molecules

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are universal signal transduction modules in eukaryotes. Plant MAPK cascades are complicated networks and play vital roles in signal transduction induced by biotic and abiotic stresses. In this paper, expression patterns of MAPKs in maize roots treated with low-temperature, osmotic stresses, wounding, plant hormones and UV-C irradiation were investigated. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR reveals that the expression of MAPKs in maize roots which treated with low-temperature in light or in low light are inducible. The expression patterns of MAPKs in maize roots with treatments of CaCl2, SA, GA and wounding are approximately the same. A detailed time course experiment shows that the expression patterns of ZmSIMK are different with treatments of PEG and NaCl, respectively. These results suggest that the expression patterns of MAPKs are complicated and the signal pathways are interlaced into a network in maize roots.

Prospects on the development of the Angara rocket and space complex

The development of a launch vehicle on the basis of the universal rocket module is considered. The advantages of using the modular scheme for developing the Angara rocket and space complex are discussed. Improving the Angara rocket and space complex in terms of increasing the payload mass by the possible use of an oxygen-hydrogen upper stage is examined.

In Silico Analysis Reveals 75 Members of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase Gene Family in Rice

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinases (MAPKKKs) are important components of MAPK cascades, which are universal signal transduction modules and play important role in plant growth and development. In the sequenced Arabidopsis genome 80 MAPKKKs were identified and currently being analysed for its role in different stress. In rice, economically important monocot cereal crop only five MAPKKKs were identified so far. In this study using computational analysis of sequenced rice genome we have identified 75 MAPKKKs. EST hits and full-length cDNA sequences (from KOME or Genbank database) of 75 MAPKKKs supported their existence. Phylogenetic analyses of MAPKKKs from rice and Arabidopsis have classified them into three subgroups, which include Raf, ZIK and MEKK. Conserved motifs in the deduced amino acid sequences of rice MAPKKKs strongly supported their identity as members of Raf, ZIK and MEKK subfamilies. Further expression analysis of the MAPKKKs in MPSS database revealed that their transcripts were differentially regulated in various stress and tissue-specific libraries.

Tracked mechanism simulation of mobile machine in MSC.ADAMS/View

Tracked travel mechanism is, in some cases, a significant alternative of wheeled travel mechanism. A suitability of application depends on particular work conditions, which opens the space for computer simulation. This paper is focused on possibilities of tracked vehicle simulation in MSC.ADAMS; mainly in the universal module MSC.ADAMS/View, which is not especially customized for tracked vehicle simulations. The study presents a concrete example of tracked vehicle simulation and a method of its successful realization during travel through terrain obstacle as a basic manoeuvre for evaluating of chassis properties and work ergonomy.