Universal Means Research Articles

Model of competencies of subjects of psychological and pedagogical support of professional self-determination of an individual

Introduction. The problem of self-determination is one of the most complex and creative ones, since there is no universal personal meaning in professional activity – each person, on the path to self-determination, has a unique one. In this regard, there is a need for qualified assistance from a specialist who can guide and support in the process of choosing a profession. In particular, this is relevant for future educational psychologists, who must not only be aware of their own professional priorities, but also be able to help others in their search. The study was aimed at performing scientific research, theoretical substantiation and experimental verification of psychological and pedagogical conditions that contribute to the formation of competencies of subjects engaged in psychological and pedagogical support of the process of professional self-determination of an individual. Materials and methods. The respondents were 106 second-year students of the Department of Theoretical and Applied Psychology of the South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University (Russian Federation), studying in the direction of “Psychological and Pedagogical Education”. The study used a set of psychodiagnostic methods: motivation of the individual to avoid failures by T. Ehlers, motivation for success by T. Ehlers, communicative and organizational skills (COS) by V.V. Sinyavsky and B.A. Fedorishin, emotional response scale by A. Mehrabyan and N. Epstein; methods of mathematical statistics: Pearson's chi-squared test. Results. The ascertaining stage of the experiment confirmed the problem of insufficient development of professional competencies in future educational psychologists. The authors developed a program for building professional competencies of subjects of psychological and pedagogical support for professional self-determination of an individual – a set of interrelated psychological and pedagogical measures aimed at achieving the goals of professional education. Repeated psychodiagnostic examination using the same tools – psychodiagnostic methods at the formative stage of the experiment – showed an increase in the indicators of most respondents. In particular, on the scale “Motivation to avoid failures”: χ 2 = 14.6; p <0.01. Conclusion. Practical experience in systematizing the process of building the competencies of subjects of psychological and pedagogical support for professional self-determination of an individual using the modeling method can be introduced into the practice of the educational process at the psychology faculty of pedagogical universities, into the process of course training of students of the system of additional professional education; into centers of independent assessment of qualifications.

Rapid, in Situ Neutralization of Nitrogen- and Silicon-Vacancy Centers in Diamond Using Above-Band Gap Optical Excitation.

The charge state of a quantum point defect in a solid-state host strongly determines its optical and spin characteristics. Consequently, techniques for controlling the charge state are required to realize technologies for quantum networking and sensing. In this work, we demonstrate the use of deep-ultraviolet (DUV) radiation to dynamically neutralize nitrogen- (NV) and silicon-vacancy (SiV) centers. We first examine the neutralization of NV by correlating the NV- and NV0 spectra, indicating > 99% polarization into NV0. We then examine the time dynamics of SiV- photoluminescence, observing an 80% reduction of intensity within a single 100 μs DUV pulse. Finally, we demonstrate that this DUV-induced bleaching is accompanied by a dramatic increase in the SiV0 population that is robust to extended periods of near-infrared excitation. Our results indicate the potential of above-band gap excitation as a universal means of generating neutral charge states of quantum point defects on demand.

РОЗВИТОК ВИКОНАВСТВА НА УДАРНИХ МУЗИЧНИХ ІНСТРУМЕНТАХ: ВІД ЙОГО ЗАРОДЖЕННЯ ДО ПОЧАТКУ АКАДЕМІЧНОГО ВИЗНАННЯ

The article offers a detailed overview of the historical path of development of performance on percussion musical instruments, starting from their original functions in ritual rites and ending with the formation of modern academic status, including various musical and stylistic trends. The study covers a wide chronological period, allowing us to trace how the perception of percussion instruments in society and musical art gradually changed. The influence of different cultures on the development of performance on percussion instruments is studied. The evolution of technical techniques of playing percussion instruments is analyzed, noting how rhythmic patterns, dynamic nuances, and technical capabilities of performers became more complicated with the development of music. Special attention is paid to the development of the repertoire for percussion instruments. An important aspect of the research is the analysis of the organization of learning to play percussion instruments. The author traces how teaching methods changed, new teaching aids were developed, and special educational institutions were created to train professional drummers. The article also highlights the key stages of recognition of percussion instruments as an integral part of orchestral and solo performance. Issues such as the inclusion of percussion instruments in a symphony orchestra, the development of a solo repertoire for percussionists, as well as the emergence of new genres of music in which percussion instruments play a leading role, are considered. Based on the conducted research, the author emphasizes the importance of percussion instruments in modern musical culture. Percussion instruments have become a universal means of musical expression, capable of conveying a wide range of emotions and creating various sound images. They have found wide application in various musical styles, from classical music to jazz, rock and electronic music. Percussion instruments have demonstrated their ability to adapt to ever-changing musical conditions. They became carriers of new sound ideas, expanded the possibilities of musical expressiveness and enriched the sound palette of modern music.

Операторы библиотеки и эпистемология искусственного интеллекта

The article dwells on the origins of the concept of artificial intelligence as applied to the library with its principles of fast search. The integrity of such knowledge, corresponding to the integrity of the products of neural networks, is characterized. The history of science has seen not only the management of discoveries, but also the operation of such specific production, manifested vividly in the activities of women mathematicians and women philosophers. They are operators rather than inventors of networks, who integrate networks and ensure that different epistemic regimes can be integrated. In this paper, the historical outline of the emergence of the library as a model of artificial intelligence is discussed. The ancient regulations of Aristotle and the Library of Alexandria stipulated a purely alphabetical rather than thematic ordering principle; at that time, the production of knowledge required visual aids, integral formulae, and the decomposition of knowledge into indications of sources without remainder. An ideal operator of such a library was Hypatia of Alexandria. Further development of libraries involved the production of corporate, religious, and national knowledge, unlocked by new operators through returning universal meaning to the visual representation of knowledge. Currently, such universal visual representation is characteristic of images generated by artificial intelligence. Knowledge production modes require functions of both direct producers and recipients of knowledge. The development of sciences during different periods has made it necessary to encompass the knowable as well as to recognize its agency and ability to become ready for use. We see the origins of such agency in primitive initiation and view the library as a mechanism of potential initiation. In that case, we need not only knowledge distributors that make potential initiation real, but also knowledge operators that make it possible to move from harsher to softer modes of initiation. The article points out the traits that an individual acting as a reliable operator of such knowledge can have. Recognizing the agency of libraries allows us to plan the use of neural networks, including for countering fake news.

Herod Strategy and a Social Insurance Scheme Against a Short Life: Three Challenges

Abstract A social insurance scheme against a short life seems impossible: ex ante (before lengths of life are known), it is hard to identify the persons who will be short-lived, and ex post (once lengths of life are known), it is often too late to compensate the short-lived. However, it is possible to insure persons against a short life by means of age-based statistical discrimination that favours the young in line with the Herod strategy: allocating the good things of life to all young adults improves the situation of the unidentified persons who will die prematurely and reduces the deprivation due to an early death. This article examines three challenges questioning the capacity of the Herod strategy to reduce wellbeing deprivation due to a premature death. First, the limited substitutability between the quantity and the quality of life years makes an efficient insurance scheme against a short life incomplete. Second, the state cannot know ex ante the conception of the good life of the short-lived and must offer baskets of universal means that would improve all kinds of short lives. Such baskets will, under endowment effects, affect the adopted views about the good life, against the ideal of a neutral state. Third, the bias towards the future makes persons spontaneously reallocate the good things of life to later ages, which would defeat insurance against a short life.

Fear mythologized: The Master of the Day of Judgement by L. Perutz

The article deals with The Master of the Day of Judgement (1923), a novel by the Austrian expressionist writer Leo Perutz that has been tentatively described as a psychological murder mystery. Drawing on E. Meletinsky’s studies, specifically, his definition of neomythologism, the article considers the book’s various mythologizing techniques. Typical of modernism, such techniques as leitmotifs, allegory, and personification are used to convey the characters’ growing perception of fear as a living creature. Additional meanings are discovered in the references to such landmark works as Shakespeare’s Richard III, Büchner’s Danton’s Death, and Wagner’s cycle The Ring of the Nibelung. It is argued that the novelist uses Wagner’s method of allegory to create a mythologized image of fear, but, unlike Wagnerian images with their entirely universal meaning, Perutz’s allegory denotes the uniqueness and individuality of human mind.

공작새 상징에 대한 연구

This study aims to explore the universal symbolic meanings of the peacock by examining its ecological characteristics and its depictions in myths and legends, fables, literary works, religion, and art. Based on these considerations, the study seeks to understand the symbolic meaning of the peacock in sandplay therapy cases from an analytical psychology perspective. The symbolism of peacocks was considered in six aspects: sacredness, good fortune and wealth, beauty, power (power), healing and regeneration, and immortality, and we looked at how these symbols were expressed in the process of sand play therapy. As a result of examining the symbolism of peacocks in the sand play treatment case, In the first case an adolescent client who was emotionally influenced by a mother experiencing stress and depression during pregnancy expressed their fundamental and unconscious inner sanctity. In the second case, it appeared in terms of the colorful and imposing power latent in the unconscious, and the third case in terms of the authoritative power that wanted to show off the pride of the peacock with its wings wide open. The last case was a case of a single mother woman in her 20s, who expressed the possibility of a detoxification action that allowed peacocks to heal and regenerate diseases from the harms of poisonous insects or poisonous snakes. She also demonstrated the process of realizing the state in which her elegant and noble beauty could not spread her wings and was latent in the unconscious through the peacock. Clients experienced the process of consciousness while expressing various hidden instincts through the symbolism of peacocks in sand play therapy, and for counselors, it is a significant study from the perspective of deeper understanding, empathy, and acceptance of clients.

MONITORING MUSICAL DEVELOPMENTOF CHILDREN OF THE THIRD YEAR OF LIFE,TAKING INTO ACCOUNT HOLISTIC THINKING

The article discusses the concept of functional asymmetry of the child’s cerebral hemispheres and the universal developmental paradigm. The universal developmental paradigm means that the characteristic of the world in which we exist is its duality, its division into right and left, light and dark, good and evil... It is thinking, as a function of the human mind, that can be considered the essence of man - a fundamentally intelligent being, and therefore thinking, since thinking is a system-forming factor of man as a living system, and at the same time a necessary and sufficient factor of his being as a rational being, as a species of Homo sapiens. Therefore, the main developmental goal of education should be considered the development of thinking in pupils. Preschool children's brains are used to remembering everything as it is - in a variety of colors, smells, sounds, and other factors. During reproduction, an image-model is created in the right hemisphere, and a verbal definition corresponding to the image is created in the left hemisphere. As a result, perception is not erased, it gives rise to brilliant poems, books, paintings, discoveries. This is unlimited and natural for him. During learning, in most cases, either the left or the right hemisphere of the brain is loaded, while the opposite remains unused. Experimentally, using K. Pearson’s criterion, it was confirmed that the musical development of a child of the third year of life will be more effective and qualitative if the holistic thinking of the two hemispheres of the child's brain is involved. Holistic thinking is the combined work of the two cerebral hemispheres, relying on all channels of information perception. Of course, the tasks of developing preschool children’s personality will be successfully solved if music lessons include consideration of the main issues of factual material. In this case, the music teacher varies the methods of study and forms of work. We propose conditions for individual and personal development of the child, namely, within the framework of the program, thematic planning, conducting classes, games, matinees, etc. the music teacher should have didactic material that changes the type and form of presentation of educational material, and the child has the freedom to choose the task (the same task should provide the possibility of its implementation through an image, word, scheme, modelling, musical accompaniment, movement, etc.), that is, to promote the integration of the right and left types of being in learning and development. Activities that involve two hemispheres of the preschoolers' brain simultaneously will be more effective.

СТАТИСТИЧНІ МЕТОДИ У ПРОВЕДЕННІ ПЕДАГОГІЧНИХ ДОСЛІДЖЕНЬ (ПРИКЛАДНИЙ АСПЕКТ)

The article discusses the concept of functional asymmetry of the child’s cerebral hemispheres and the universal developmental paradigm. The universal developmental paradigm means that the characteristic of the world in which we exist is its duality, its division into right and left, light and dark, good and evil. It is thinking, as a function of the human mind, that can be considered the essence of man - a fundamentally intelligent being, and therefore thinking, since thinking is a system-forming factor of man as a living system, and at the same time a necessary and sufficient factor of his being as a rational being, as a species of Homo sapiens. Therefore, the main developmental goal of education should be considered the development of thinking in pupils. Preschool children's brains are used to remembering everything as it is - in a variety of colours, smells, sounds, and other factors. During reproduction, an image-model is created in the right hemisphere, and a verbal definition corresponding to the image is created in the left hemisphere. As a result, perception is not erased, it gives rise to brilliant poems, books, paintings, discoveries. This is unlimited and natural for him. During learning, in most cases, either the left or the right hemisphere of the brain is loaded, while the opposite remains unused. Experimentally, using K. Pearson’s criterion, it was confirmed that the musical development of a child of the third year of life will be more effective and qualitative if the holistic thinking of the two hemispheres of the child's brain is involved. Holistic thinking is the combined work of the two cerebral hemispheres, relying on all channels of information perception. Of course, the tasks of developing preschool children’s personality will be successfully solved if music lessons include consideration of the main issues of factual material. In this case, the music teacher varies the methods of study and forms of work. We propose conditions for individual and personal development of the child, namely, within the framework of the programme, thematic planning, conducting classes, games, matinees, etc. the music teacher should have didactic material that changes the type and form of presentation of educational material, and the child has the freedom to choose the task (the same task should provide the possibility of its implementation through an image, word, scheme, modelling, musical accompaniment, movement, etc.), that is, to promote the integration of the right and left types of being in learning and development. Activities that involve two hemispheres of the preschoolers’ brain simultaneously will be more effective.

THE PHENOMENON OF COLLECTING WISDOM IN L. N. TOLSTOY’S BOOK “READING CIRCLE” (1905): THE APHORISTIC LEGACY OF SAADI

The article is devoted to the concept of collecting wisdom, which was consistently embodied in the work of Leo Tolstoy “Reading Circle” (1905), in which the “thoughts of wise people”, collected by the Russian writer from diverse and multilingual sources, found a place. The main purpose of the study is to clarify the ideological and thematic grounds on which L. Tolstoy carried out the selection of quotations from the works of one of the luminaries of Persian classical literature - Saadi Shirazi (the beginning of the 13 cen. - 1292). The article shows that the phenomenon of collecting the wisdom of the world itself has a long history in a number of ancient and medieval literary traditions of the East, including in Persian literature during the period of its highest development (10-15 cent.). For this purpose, the article provides a brief analysis of works based on the legend of Iskander (Alexander the Great), in the plot of which the motive of wandering in search of hidden knowledge is gradually formed as a semantic key to the narrative. The idea of using accumulated knowledge in the name of human perfection and for the benefit of all society, inherent in the work of Saadi, a religious mentor and secular moralist, permeates his entire concept of education. It was its humanistic vector and universal meaning that predetermined L. Tolstoy’s choice of Saadi’s aphorisms for the “Reading Circle”. Saadi’s aphoristic wisdom attracted the Russian writer, since his own book was conceived and written to help a person on the path of self-education in the spirit of love for God and Human, true Faith and moral purity.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude, practice and barriers of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State

Introduction: Over the years, breastfeeding has been a universal means of feeding infants and a common feature of all cultures since the survival of mankind. It is a phenomenon that is deeply rooted in the tradition of human culture. Although, breastfeeding practices have fluctuated over the years, it is widely regarded as an unequalled way of providing ideal nutrition for the healthy growth and development of infants. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and some barriers of exclusive breastfeeding among nursing mothers in Makurdi Local Government Area of Benue State. Method: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and barriers of nursing mothers towards Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF). An interviewer-self-administered pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on maternal knowledge, Attitude, Practice and barriers of EBF. The modified Blooms criteria was adapted to grade knowledge, attitude and practice as either Good or poor. Statistical significance was considered at 95% confidence interval. Results: The results from this study showed that nursing Mother’s knowledge of EBF was good, 84.0% of the respondents displayed good knowledge of EBF, good attitude towards EBF was at 54.7% and the practice of EBF was 67.3%. Notable barriers to EBF includes, poor knowledge of EBF among nursing mothers (75.0%), followed by concurrent breast disease 6 months post-natal (66.7%), next was women who have never attended Antenatal Care Clinic (ANC) 62.5%. Conclusion: These findings suggest good knowledge and practice of EBF, however there is need to institute intervening measures aimed at reducing barriers associated with EBF in the study community.

Features of the use of throws in the section demonstration of applied technology hand-to-hand combat

Actuality. A characteristic feature of hand-to-hand combat is the technique demonstration section. Applied hand-to-hand combat fully corresponds to the specifics of solving operational tasks without and with the use of weapons by representatives of various military and law enforcement agencies. It is known that in certain types of martial arts, throwing is a means of achieving an advantage over an opponent, so these technical elements are often used to solve competitive or operational-service tasks. Athletes from hand-to-hand combat during competitive activities, as well as law enforcement officers during the performance of operative tasks quite often use throwing equipment. But, despite the similarity of technical performance, the use of throwing technique in the application section of hand-to-hand combat has its own characteristics. It is clear that the characteristics of hand- to-hand combat require new approaches to the construction of the training process of the combat direction, which differ from the classical types of martial arts. Research results. Competitive activity from the applied section of hand-to-hand combat fully corresponds to the specifics of solving operational-service tasks without and with the use of weapons by representatives of various power structures. Throwing technique is one of the main tools for solving a competitive task. The use of the throwing technique depends on the type of attack and has its own characteristics and patterns for effective execution. The most versatile throwing action is the rear leg throw. In certain types of threats: with a knife or a gun - the use of throwing techniques is impractical. Catching and reaching create conditions for the use of a large number of options for various throws, most of which are performed with the help of the body. Conclusions. It has been established that in hand-to-hand combat, throws are an important component of the technical arsenal for solving competitive tasks, both in the duel section and in the technique demonstration section, but the features of hand-to-hand combat do not create an opportunity to immediately throw the opponent, it is necessary to carry out preliminary offensive or defensive actions with a simultaneous reduction of the distance and by capturing or covering individual parts of the opponent's body or clothing. The main feature of the performance is maintaining balance in the rack position for further technical actions. The use of throws from certain classification groups depends on the type of attack. Threats in the form of captures and captures have the greatest variability for the use of throws, and a universal and effective means of using counterattacking actions (throws) from various types of attack from a practical point of view is the back step. In case of a threat with a knife or a gun, taking into account the specifics of this type of attack, the use of throwing techniques to repel the attack is impractical.

Violin works by Kharkiv composers of the second half of the 20th – early 21st century: historical and stylistic excursion

Statement of the problem. The creativity of Kharkiv’s composers has always been an important part of Ukrainian musical culture. In the second half of the twentieth century, Kharkiv became a real epicenter of musical innovation. The composers of this school did not just create music they rethought the very essence of Ukrainian musical sound, and the violin in their scores appeared to be a powerful instrument of these transformations. The musical history preserves names wide known in the country, including Valentyn Borysov, Vitalii Hubarenko, Volodymyr Zolotukhin, Valentyn Bibik, Volodymyr Ptushkyn, Yulii Meitus, Dmitry Klebanov, Оlexander Zhuk, Borys Yarovynsky. Kharkiv’s composers did not just use the violin, they had rethought its role in contemporary music. From folk motifs to avant-garde experiments, from chamber works to large-scale symphonies, violin has become a versatile tool for expressing a variety of ideas and emotions. In their work the violin from the traditional string instrument was transformed into a universal means of musical expression. Objectives, methods, and novelty of the research. In general, the violin music of Kharkiv composers has not received thorough coverage in domestic musicology. The purpose of the article is to cover the violin work of prominent Kharkiv composers and to trace the formation of modern trends in the violin art of Kharkiv in the second half of the XX – early XXI century. A comprehensive approach to the study of the material is involved, based on cognitive methods – historical-cultural, biographical, as well as comparative and musical-theoretical analysis. Practical ones – gathering and describing information – and theoretical general scientific methods of systematization and generalization of the material are also used. Research results and conclusion. The Kharkiv composing school made a significant contribution to the development of Ukrainian violin music, demonstrating the synthesis of national traditions and modern composer techniques. The violin work by Kharkiv composers is characterized by a wide range of styles and genres from neo-folklore trends to avant-garde experiments. The peculiarity of the Kharkiv school is the interpretation of the violin as a universal instrument capable of embodying both traditional and innovative ideas. In the work by Kharkiv composers, the violin often acts as a carrier of the lyrical beginning, without losing their virtuoso possibilities. There is an evolution of approaches to violin music from classical forms to the older generation to experimental techniques in younger composers. The Kharkiv school developed in the context of pan-European trends, while maintaining a deep connection with the Ukrainian musical tradition. The creativity by Kharkiv composers helped to expand the expressive opportunities of the violin and the enrichment of the Ukrainian violin repertoire.

Peculiarities of Organising Events under Martial Law Conditions

The aim of the article is to analyse the social purpose and to ground peculiarities of organising events under martial law conditions. Results. To achieve the goal of the scientific research, the comparative and systematic methods are used. They allowed to identify and substantiate the specifics of organising events in Ukraine after the Russian full-scale invasion, as well as to outline main directions of functioning and prospects for the development of events in the post-war time. The events are viewed as a symbolic capital of culture, its social marker, a universal means of realising the culture creating potential of the public, which stimulates the study of organisational features of events under martial law conditions. The article traces the relationship between social tendencies and event formats during the Russian aggression; specifies the problems that accompany the process of organising events since the beginning of the full-scale invasion; grounds their content and thematic direction; outlines the directions of functioning of events in the post-war time. Scientific novelty. It is proved that events held in Ukraine during the martial law go through a few stages of functioning: the stage of stagnation and re-profiling, which is inherent to event agencies in the first months of the war; the stage of a peculiar revival, which begins in the summer of 2022 and lasts until the end of 2023; the stage of adaptation and recovery, which begins in early 2024 and continues to nowadays. These periods differ in terms of event formats, target audience, and functional focus. Conclusions. It is proved that the specifics of event organisation under martial law conditions are relevant goals and objectives of a certain event; theming and structure of the event, innovative approaches to the format of the event and the way of its implementation. Such a vision is substantiated that in the post-war years the Ukrainian event industry will be characterised by a symbiosis of international, Ukrainian and local tendencies in the development of the event industry with an emphasis on the cultural ecosystem and public activity

A 1940-2020 spatiotemporal analysis of thermal discomfort days in Southeast Asian countries

Abstract The high temperature and humidity make Southeast Asia (SEA) one of the regions most susceptible to the occurrence of thermal discomfort days (TDDs) in the world. In the context of global warming, SEA’s rapid population growth and urban expansion further exacerbated the region’s exposure to TDD, posing greater risks in public health. However, there exists a significant knowledge gap in the understanding of the long-term spatiotemporal evolution of TDD, as well as its projection in the future. By utilizing the newly released ERA5 datasets of Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) and Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT), this study presented the 81-year analysis of TDDs in SEA countries, spanning from 1940 to 2020, with projections extending to 2100. While the mean increase in UTCI was relatively modest, the corresponding rise in TDD likelihood was disproportionately larger, indicating a heightened risk of exposure. A distinct contrast was observed between continental and maritime regions, with maritime countries showing smaller absolute rises in both indices but larger trends in TDD frequency due to oceanic moderating effects. Seasonal analyses highlighted the dominant influence of the East Asia monsoon over SEA, and spatial analyses revealed a negative correlation between TDD occurrence and elevation, with low-lying areas being hotspots. Projections for 2050 suggest continued warming. These findings underscore the urgency of proactive measures to address climate change impacts, particularly in vulnerable maritime and low-lying areas, providing valuable insights for enhancing climate resilience and adaptation in SEA. Our findings reveal critical insights into the trends and future scenarios of thermal discomfort in the region, underscoring the urgent need for effective climate adaptation strategies.

The Poet-Creator of Philosophy: To the Methodology of Research in Philosophical Thought by Rabindranath Tagore

The Indian poet and educator Rabindranath Tagore was the creator of an original philosophy that gives additional meaning to the picture of the history of Indian philosophy in the 20th century. He usually emphasized his identity as a poet and an artist, not considering himself a philosopher. However, Tagore embodies the phenomenon of a poet-thinker who comprehends universal philosophical problems and, in the process of philosophizing, offers his own vision of them. Moreover, he owns a number of texts of a religious-philosophical and socio-philosophical nature, in addition to the content of poetry and fiction. The philosophy created by the poet requires a comprehensive holistic study, which, in turn, raises the problem of research methodology. The article proposes the author's methodology for the reconstruction of Rabindranath Tagore's philosophy, based on an understanding of his personality, the contexts of thought and the hermeneutics of texts. The methodological model of philosophy reconstruction includes three levels. The first involves analyzing the personality of R. Tagore using the categories "cross-cultural thinker" and "problematic thinker". The second is a description of the contexts of his philosophizing: external general civilizational, internal epochal and internal biographical. The third is the hermeneutics of texts, taking into account the poetic component and the philosophical problems of speeches and fiction. The novelty of the described methodological model is due to the possibilities and prospects of reconstructing Tagore's philosophical thought and concepts. 1. Description of the phenomenon of a poet and writer creating a philosophy in which the experience of artistic creation generates a universal religious and social meaning and actualizes humanistic issues. 2. Presentation of the process of formation of cross-cultural philosophy of the XX century on the material of a particular thinker. 3. The analysis of the contexts of the unfolding of philosophy helps to trace the continuity of the thinker and his ideas with the Indian philosophical tradition in a broad sense and at the same time identify innovation, not least due to his dialogue with Western culture and modernity. 4. Seeing Tagore's philosophy as a kind of quintessence of the Bengali Renaissance heritage, it is not difficult to notice its significance and relevance for modernity. 5. Reconstruction along the proposed methodological path will open up not only direct, but also comparative prospects for studying Tagore's philosophical thought in comparison with the reflections of philosophers from different cultural areas, primarily peripheral to the West and non-Western ones.

Особливості застосування кидків у розділі «Демонстрація прикладної техніки рукопашного бою»

Actuality. A characteristic feature of hand-to-hand combat is the technique demonstration section. Applied hand-to-hand combat fully corresponds to the specifics of solving operational tasks without and with the use of weapons by representatives of various military and law enforcement agencies. It is known that in certain types of martial arts, throwing is a means of achieving an advantage over an opponent, so these technical elements are often used to solve competitive or operational-service tasks. Athletes from hand-to-hand combat during competitive activities, as well as law enforcement officers during the performance of operative tasks quite often use throwing equipment. But, despite the similarity of technical performance, the use of throwing technique in the application section of hand-to-hand combat has its own characteristics. It is clear that the characteristics of hand-to-hand combat require new approaches to the construction of the training process of the combat direction, which differ from the classical types of martial arts. Research Results. Competitive activity from the applied section of hand-to-hand combat fully corresponds to the specifics of solving operational-service tasks without and with the use of weapons by representatives of various power structures. Throwing technique is one of the main tools for solving a competitive task. The use of the throwing technique depends on the type of attack and has its own characteristics and patterns for effective execution. The most versatile throwing action is the rear leg throw. In certain types of threats: with a knife or a gun - the use of throwing techniques is impractical. Catching and reaching create conditions for the use of a large number of options for various throws, most of which are performed with the help of the body. Conclusions. It has been established that in hand-to-hand combat, throws are an important component of the technical arsenal for solving competitive tasks, both in the duel section and in the technique demonstration section, but the features of hand-to-hand combat do not create an opportunity to immediately throw the opponent, it is necessary to carry out preliminary offensive or defensive actions with a simultaneous reduction of the distance and by capturing or covering individual parts of the opponent's body or clothing. The main feature of the performance is maintaining balance in the rack position for further technical actions. The use of throws from certain classification groups depends on the type of attack. Threats in the form of captures and captures have the greatest variability for the use of throws, and a universal and effective means of using counterattacking actions (throws) from various types of attack from a practical point of view is the back step. In case of a threat with a knife or a gun, taking into account the specifics of this type of attack, the use of throwing techniques to repel the attack is impractical.

PIDGINISATION AS LINGUOCULTURAL PHENOMENON (on the example of African linguoculture)

This article identifies the features of such a linguocultural phenomenon as pidginisation and creolisation on the example of African linguoculture. The scientific problem is caused by the influence of globalisation on the state of languages and cultures within the framework of intercultural and interlanguage interaction, on the one hand, and the need to preserve native languages and cultures, on the other hand. The purpose of the article is to identify the key properties of such hybrid languages as Pidgin English and Creole English which operate in the largest country in West Africa – Nigeria. The research work is based on a combination of linguistic and cultural analysis method, which revealed the peculiarities of language and culture in the process of historical development, and comparative analysis method, which is the key to distinguish similar and distinctive features of Nigerian Pidgin English in relation to British English. The research work systematised the key historical, linguistic and cultural factors that influenced the formation and Pidgin English and Creole English development in Africa, and identified its key characteristics. It was proved that English is a universal means of interethnic communication for all social groups, but Pidgin English has simple structure at all language levels – phonetic, grammatical, lexical ones – and suits for everyday communication perfectly. Adapting to local realities, Nigerian Pidgin English at the phonetic level is the subject to assimilation and dissimilation of consonants, quantitative and qualitative reduction of vowels. The grammatical structure of Nigerian Pidgin English is the subject to maximum simplification, this level is characterised by the omission of articles; the use of abstract nouns in the plural form; the formation of adjectives’ comparison degrees and adverbs on the principle of a monosyllabic adjective; the use of simple tense forms of verb. The lexical structure of Nigerian Pidgin English is characterised by the functioning of high-frequency lexemes of autochthonous languages, which is due to the desire to follow the norms of native culture. All deviations from British English are explained by the need to create an accessible form of communication for all social groups using minimal linguistic means.

Ideologie językowe w programach wyborczych Nowej Partii Postępowej w Portoryko

The aim of this article is to analyze language ideologies towards Spanish, English and bilingualism articulated in selected political party programs (or party platforms, programa de gobierno) of the New Progressive Party (NPP) in Puerto Rico after 2000. The study examines the beliefs, declarations, and objectives related to the main language ideologies on the island, regarding: (1) Spanish as the national language of Puerto Ricans (monolingualism); (2) English as the language of American citizens and the U.S. federal government (monolingualism); (3) English as a resource for social and economic advancement (linguistic instrumentalism and/or linguistic entrepreneurship); (4) bilingualism as a resource for social and economic advancement (linguistic instrumentalism and/or linguistic entrepreneurship); (5) English as a global language (perceived as a universal means of communication). The article examines the programs presented during the general elections that led to the NPP candidates assuming the positions of governors: Luis Fortuño (2009-2013), Ricardo Rosselló (2017-2019), and Pedro Pierluisi (2021-2024). This analysis is contextualized within the language debates that form part of the island’s long history of the coexistence of Spanish and English since 1898.

Youth Suicide and Preceding Mental Health Diagnosis

Suicide is a leading cause of death among US youths, and mental health disorders are a known factor associated with increased suicide risk. Knowledge about potential sociodemographic differences in documented mental health diagnoses may guide prevention efforts. To examine the association of documented mental health diagnosis with (1) sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, (2) precipitating circumstances, and (3) mechanism among youth suicide decedents. This retrospective, cross-sectional study of youth suicide decedents aged 10 to 24 years used data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Violent Death Reporting System from 2010 to 2021. Data analysis was conducted from January to November 2023. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, precipitating circumstances, and suicide mechanism. The primary outcome was previously documented presence of a mental health diagnosis. Associations were evaluated by multivariable logistic regression. Among 40 618 youth suicide decedents (23 602 aged 20 to 24 years [58.1%]; 32 167 male [79.2%]; 1190 American Indian or Alaska Native [2.9%]; 1680 Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander [4.2%]; 5118 Black [12.7%]; 5334 Hispanic [13.2%]; 35 034 non-Hispanic; 30 756 White [76.1%]), 16 426 (40.4%) had a documented mental health diagnosis and 19 027 (46.8%) died by firearms. The adjusted odds of having a mental health diagnosis were lower among youths who were American Indian or Alaska Native (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.45; 95% CI, 0.39-0.51); Asian, Native Hawaiian, or Other Pacific Islander (aOR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.52-0.64); and Black (aOR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.58-0.66) compared with White youths; lower among Hispanic youths (aOR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.72-0.82) compared with non-Hispanic youths; lower among youths aged 10 to 14 years (aOR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.65-0.76) compared with youths aged 20 to 24 years; and higher for females (aOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.56-1.73) than males. A mental health diagnosis was documented for 6308 of 19 027 youths who died by firearms (33.2%); 1691 of 2743 youths who died by poisonings (61.6%); 7017 of 15 331 youths who died by hanging, strangulation, or suffocation (45.8%); and 1407 of 3181 youths who died by other mechanisms (44.2%). Compared with firearm suicides, the adjusted odds of having a documented mental health diagnosis were higher for suicides by poisoning (aOR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.62-1.78); hanging, strangulation, and suffocation (aOR, 2.78; 95% CI, 2.55-3.03); and other mechanisms (aOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.47-1.72). In this cross-sectional study, 3 of 5 youth suicide decedents did not have a documented preceding mental health diagnosis; the odds of having a mental health diagnosis were lower among racially and ethnically minoritized youths than White youths and among firearm suicides compared with other mechanisms. These findings underscore the need for equitable identification of mental health needs and universal lethal means counseling as strategies to prevent youth suicide.