Universal Concept Research Articles

JOCRISE Paradigm, Methodology & Economics

JOCRISE is embarked upon a project of universal, even cosmic, significance. 
 Rejecting the outdated, inaccurate and static understanding of reality which underlies mainstream economics, the Paradigm provides a new, accurate and dynamic understanding of our changing world. 
 The new understanding is not reductionist and encompasses many subjects (including history, sociology, psychology, religion, environment, anthropology, technology and epistemology). The result is an ability to find solutions for major global problems (e.g., persistent poverty, depletion of resources and environmental depredation) which, at present, appear to be insoluble.
 The Paradigm’s potency is comparable to that of the Copernican Revolution which overthrew the concept of an Earth-centred universe and replaced it by a sun-centred one with consequences including today’s political democracy (i.e., the vote) as well as modern astronomy and rocketry.
 Just as the Revolution introduced a new methodology for astronomy, so the Paradigm introduces a new Methodology for economics which:-
 
 establishes that mainstream economics is founded upon fifty nine false, outdated, interconnected assumptions about reality
 reverses the false assumptions whereon the reversals (or opposites) are easily seen to be true and can therefore form the components of the new Economics with hugely beneficial consequences.
 
 The ‘Great Reset’ is a phrase describing the proposals of the World Economic Forum which will concentrate all economic power into the hands of the few rather than putting economic power into the hands of the many.
 The Paradigm has areas needing development (see Appendix Two). Readers are encouraged to make the development and so forward the progress of the Paradigm as a whole.

NOTIONAL COMPONENT OF THE SEMANTIC STRUCTURE FOR THE CONCEPT «INTEGRITY»

The article deals with the interpretational analysis of the concept VIRTUE/INTEGRITY in Ukrainian and English languages which is caused by the current political, social and educational movement of Ukraine which, in its turn, seems impossible without understanding of universal conceptual dominants while Ukraine has been demonstrating its intention to be integrated into the global educational community. The importance of the study is promoted by the fact that virtue, in general, and academic integrity, in particular, as moral and ethical responsibility, are considered universal for Ukrainian language worldview. The analysis has revealed that this moral concept has been the object and subject of the theoretical studies in philisophy, ethics, theology, linguistic and cultural studies, cognitive linguistics. The aim of the article is to recognize the conceptual difference in comprehending the ethical category by the conceptual and verbal description of the logical and verbal conscience structure. The tasks presuppose semantic analysis and conceptual comparison of the concept structures in Ukrainian and English languages, which are performed by means of the analysis of Ukrainian and English lexicographical sources. The article describes the first stage of verbalizing analysis of this universal concept) the main characteristics of its verbal representations being honesty, purity, virtue and moral choice of a personality. Thus, the analysis has revealed the essential difference which is expressed in the English concept and is determined by understanding honesty as the obligatory integrity of the stable behaviour of the virtual person as a member of the community who perceives his/her responsibility.

Sufficiency as a Value Standard: From Preferences to Needs

ABSTRACT This paper outlines a conceptual framework for a sufficiency economy, defining sufficiency as the space between a generalizable notion of human wellbeing and ungeneralisable excess. It assumes an objective and universal concept of human needs to define a ‘floor’ and the concept of planetary boundaries to define a ‘ceiling’. This is set up as an alternative to the dominant preference satisfaction theory of value. It begins with a brief survey of the potential contributions of sufficientarianism and limitarianism to this endeavor before outlining a theory of objective, universal human need. This recognizes the contextual variable nature of need satisfiers and the distinct methodology required to adjudicate necessities. It then turns to the planetary boundaries literature and utilizes a sequence of causal and normative reasoning to derive an operational ceiling and the concept of ungeneralisable luxuries. The final section addresses how the concepts of floors and ceilings might be operationalized via forms of dialogic democracy but noting the absence of any such institutions at the global level. Its policy conclusion is that a safe climate cannot be achieved through supply-side mitigation alone, and that fair demand-side mitigation necessarily requires a clear distinction between necessities and unnecessary luxuries, between which (hopefully) lies a space of sufficiency.

What Do We Call an ‘MP’? On Categories of Thought in the Anthropology of Parliaments

Abstract This article questions what social scientists mean by the term ‘Member of Parliament’ (‘MP’) and explains that they tend to associate it with a universal conception of parliamentary representation. The author starts to present the rationale behind this presupposition, which lies in the resistance of legislative studies to interpretive approaches, and shows its limits. He then defends the necessity of extensive scientific knowledge of deliberative assemblies to distinguish the vernacular meanings of the notion of ‘MP’ from its analytical meaning. Finally, he takes the example of his own research in France to show the concrete difficulties of a singular conception of parliamentary representation and to expose the virtues of using empirical-based ideal types to overcome them.

On the roles of function and selection in evolving systems

Physical laws-such as the laws of motion, gravity, electromagnetism, and thermodynamics-codify the general behavior of varied macroscopic natural systems across space and time. We propose that an additional, hitherto-unarticulated law is required to characterize familiar macroscopic phenomena of our complex, evolving universe. An important feature of the classical laws of physics is the conceptual equivalence of specific characteristics shared by an extensive, seemingly diverse body of natural phenomena. Identifying potential equivalencies among disparate phenomena-for example, falling apples and orbiting moons or hot objects and compressed springs-has been instrumental in advancing the scientific understanding of our world through the articulation of laws of nature. A pervasive wonder of the natural world is the evolution of varied systems, including stars, minerals, atmospheres, and life. These evolving systems appear to be conceptually equivalent in that they display three notable attributes: 1) They form from numerous components that have the potential to adopt combinatorially vast numbers of different configurations; 2) processes exist that generate numerous different configurations; and 3) configurations are preferentially selected based on function. We identify universal concepts of selection-static persistence, dynamic persistence, and novelty generation-that underpin function and drive systems to evolve through the exchange of information between the environment and the system. Accordingly, we propose a "law of increasing functional information": The functional information of a system will increase (i.e., the system will evolve) if many different configurations of the system undergo selection for one or more functions.

Defect-Promoted Ni-Based Layer Double Hydroxides with Enhanced Deprotonation Capability for Efficient Biomass Electrooxidation.

Ni-based hydroxides are promising electrocatalysts for biomass oxidation reactions, supplanting the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to lower overpotentials while producing value-added chemicals. The identification and subsequent engineering of their catalytically active sites are essential to facilitate these anodic reactions. Herein, the proportional relationship between catalysts' deprotonation propensity and Faradic efficiency of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF)-to-2,5 furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA,FEFDCA ) is revealed by thorough density functional theory (DFT) simulations and atomic-scale characterizations, including in situ synchrotron diffraction and spectroscopy methods. The deprotonation capability of ultrathin layer-double hydroxides (UT-LDHs) is regulated by tuning the covalency of metal (M)-oxygen (O) motifs through defect site engineering and selection of M3+ co-chemistry. NiMn UT-LDHs show an ultrahigh FEFDCA of 99% at 1.37V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and retain a high FEFDCA of 92.7% in the OER-operating window at 1.52V, about 2× that of NiFe UT-LDHs (49.5%) at 1.52V. Ni-O and Mn-O motifs function as dual active sites for HMF electrooxidation, where the continuous deprotonation of Mn-OH sites plays a dominant role in achieving high selectivity while suppressing OER at high potentials. The results showcase a universal concept of modulating competing anodic reactions in aqueous biomass electrolysis by electronically engineering the deprotonation behavior of metal hydroxides, anticipated to be translatable across various biomass substrates.

Conceptualising “Relocation” Across Displacement Contexts

Abstract Planned relocations often take place in displacement contexts. They ensue not only in settings of disasters and climate change, but also during armed conflicts and in development projects. But what is ‘relocation’? Is its meaning identical across these diverse contexts? And what is its relationship to displacement? Conceptual clarity on these points is needed if humanitarians are to engage with the critical question of how international law regulates such relocation processes. This article reviews scholarly, policy and legal sources on relocations across these varied contexts in order to (i) propose a universal concept of relocation and (ii) reflect on its relationship to concepts of displacement. Then, by considering the issue in relation to internal displacement frameworks, the article explains how international law governs relocations, regardless of the specific setting in which they occur. This has important implications in a world of diverse, and often entwined, displacement contexts.

The White Room as a Narrative-Psychological Concept in a VideoGame

Based on the ambiguity of the idea of the object of study complexity - videogames, the need to analyze them through the prism of several approaches, the subject of the study was an attempt to create a relatively universal narrative-psychological concept, which we called the "White Room". The universality of this concept lies in its applicability to various game contexts, however, this universality does not entail stereotypes, but implies the need to take into account three components when designing this concept in a game scenario: space, consciousness and simulacra. Space is where the game action takes place, consciousness is the game experience, the perception of the game process, simulacra - everything that fills the game world (objects, players, etc.), depending on the context, determines the interpretation of game events. Scientific novelty lies in the creation of a new narrative-psychological concept, which is based on the ideas of related disciplines and can be used for a wide range of tasks when creating a narrative video game design. The specificity of the concept of the White Room lies in the compositionally correct design of the space and the regulation of the game experience, its imposition on incoherent game scenes, the choice of the right simulacra, which are determined by the game context. The white room can act as the starting setting of the world, the setting, the creation of the world, the place of "psychological relief", self-digging, memories of the past to understand yourself today, the climactic scene, the whole game can also take place in it.

Social Singularities in Cosmic Environments: Engendering Big History

According to archaeologist André Leroi-Gourhan, humanized space can be understood on multiple levels – for meeting basic survival needs, to establish a social system, and as a starting point for understanding the wider conceptual universe. In our own social ecology work, we have found that gender is integral to the spatial dimensions of human life, and so the question arises: Is Gender also Central to the Study of Big History? Can we represent gender, so it addresses synergies and symbiotic relationships of the cosmos, as well as concerns for the conservation of ecology and heritage? These questions correlate well with Big History’s consideration of the universe’s varied environments, making the study of humanized space a key factor in self-understanding.

Psycho-images of Language Units in the Consciousness of the Individual - the Basis of Bilingual and Intercultural Communication

The contact of languages and cultures forms bilingualism and biculturalism at different levels of their functioning. The purpose of the article is to analyze and describe the dual simultaneous formation and functioning of bilingual and bicultural communication based on the material of contact between the Kazakh and Russian languages. Language is the basis of bilingualism and biculturalism, since both bilingual and intercultural processes in an individual and society are carried out through the use of language units. Psycho-images of linguistic units and cultural symbols are formed in the consciousness of an individual of society, which are the basis of monolingual and monocultural communication within an ethnos. These national-linguistic-cultural psycho-images contribute to the formation of foreign, foreign-cultural psycho-images in the minds of the future bilingual, bicultural individual and society. The materials of the study were Kazakh (In general, Turkic), Russian linguistic and speech units, universal and national-specific cultural concepts and symbols, which, on the one hand, give rise to interference, on the other hand, facilitation, the latter facilitates the assimilation of non-native languages and cultures. Therefore, teaching a second language will be more effective if it is carried out when teaching and language material is presented in a harmonious combination of the language, which, in content, are logically closely interconnected with the cultural values of the foreign people. In the course of the study, methods of comparative analysis, opposition of minimal pairs, methods and techniques of inductive and deductive nature were used. The results of the scientific research are of theoretical and practical importance in the aspect of the formation of bilingualism of knowledge, skills and abilities of intercultural communication in the conditions of active Turkic-foreign (Kazakh-Russian) bilingualism and biculturalism.

Growth in Adulthood: A Revised Psychoanalytic Framework for Adult Development

ABSTRACT Psychic development over the course of adulthood has been largely neglected in the psychoanalytic literature over the past 30 years. This paper is an attempt to update a psychoanalytic understanding of adult development and to begin to illustrate its clinical value. Over time, increased longevity has changed the experience of life phases, and our ideas about development have moved away from rigid stage theories and universal concepts toward a more flexible, individualized, and socio-culturally informed understanding of the core challenges that define development of the personality over the course of life. In this paper I will focus on important aspects of self-experience across the adult life cycle to outline a revised and expanded scheme of the key intrapsychic tasks of adulthood. I will use an extended case example to illustrate how the psychoanalytic practitioner can use this adult development perspective to inform treatment. Finally, I will consider the applicability of the “developmental object” concept to adult treatment and to our ideas of how people change over the course of life, both within and outside treatment.

CLT-seq as a universal homopolymer-sequencing concept reveals poly(A)-tail-tuned ncRNA regulation.

Dynamic tuning of the poly(A) tail is a crucial mechanism for controlling translation and stability of eukaryotic mRNA. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of how this regulation occurs requires unbiased abundance quantification of poly(A)-tail transcripts and simple poly(A)-length measurement using high-throughput sequencing platforms. Current methods have limitations due to complicated setups and elaborate library preparation plans. To address this, we introduce central limit theorem (CLT)-managed RNA-seq (CLT-seq), a simple and straightforward homopolymer-sequencing method. In CLT-seq, an anchor-free oligo(dT) primer rapidly binds to and unbinds from anywhere along the poly(A) tail string, leading to position-directed reverse transcription with equal probability. The CLT mechanism enables the synthesized poly(T) lengths, which correspond to the templated segment of the poly(A) tail, to distribute normally. Based on a well-fitted pseudogaussian-derived poly(A)-poly(T) conversion model, the actual poly(A)-tail profile is reconstructed from the acquired poly(T)-length profile through matrix operations. CLT-seq follows a simple procedure without requiring RNA-related pre-treatment, enrichment or selection, and the CLT-shortened poly(T) stretches are more compatible with existing sequencing platforms. This proof-of-concept approach facilitates direct homopolymer base-calling and features unbiased RNA-seq. Therefore, CLT-seq provides unbiased, robust and cost-efficient transcriptome-wide poly(A)-tail profiling. We demonstrate that CLT-seq on the most common Illumina platform delivers reliable poly(A)-tail profiling at a transcriptome-wide scale in human cellular contexts. We find that the poly(A)-tail-tuned ncRNA regulation undergoes a dynamic, complex process similar to mRNA regulation. Overall, CLT-seq offers a simplified, effective and economical approach to investigate poly(A)-tail regulation, with potential implications for understanding gene expression and identifying therapeutic targets.

Research of the Phenomenon of Animalistic Art in the Works of Foreign and Russian Authors

The article considers animalistic art as a significant historical and artistic phenomenon, which has become a field of research of foreign and Russian authors. The article analyses important questions concerning the specificity of animalistics and related reflections of world outlook. The author discusses moral issues, asks the question about the role of animals in human history, notes the negative results of the consumerist attitude of man to wildlife and, in this regard, the need for a positive and careful attitude to it. The reader’s attention is drawn to animalistic art as a fertile sphere of influence on human feelings and thoughts, especially in the era of global change. The position of the artist, researcher, looking at and studying the world of living nature is revealed. In this aspect the historical stratum of separate epochs is emphasized, in which the figurative nature of animals and in it the qualities of iconicity, symbol as identifying, concentrated meanings are vividly revealed. The first group of questions considers animalistic art from an educational point of view, allowing us to look at the images of animals and birds from the position of a scholar, study. The second group is related to the method of work of the animalist artist, revealing the peculiarities of the genre. The worldview aspect, determined by the artists’ views on the animal world, is inseparable from the pictorial aspect, i.e. the embodiment of animals and birds in the artistic image. This aspect also implies a conversation about the specificity of animalistics, which in the works of Russian researchers found a clear and precise expression. The relevance of the topic is denoted by the importance of talking about the problems of ecology, which have acquired a pronounced character in the modern world. This universal concept of preservation of the natural world, which has become universal, has opened a new layer of significance of animalistic art. At the present stage, when the main principle — the relationship between man and nature — is being reassessed, the reference to the world of animals, including in the historical and artistic aspect, acquires high significance.

Not about religion: A reinterpretation of the Chinese rites controversy

As one of the most significant events in the history of Sino-Western interaction and that of Chinese Christianity, the “Chinese Rites Controversy” has been the subject of numerous studies from both Western and Chinese scholars since the 1980s. When interpreting the rites issue of the Controversy, most studies see the crux of it as the “religious” nature of the Confucian rites. In contrast to this dominant understanding, this article argues that both the uncritical repetition of “religious” in the modern interpretations of the Controversy and its tacitly approved validity presuppose a universal and timeless conception of “religion.” Through a method of historicisation, i.e., examining carefully in what sense “religious” and related terms such as “civil,” “political,” “superstitious,” and “yinsi,” etc. were used in the original texts of the Controversy, this article intends to show that the use of “religious” by modern authors constitutes, though to a great extent unconsciously, a hermeneutical anachronism. The root of this anachronism lies in that the use “religious” as a generic adjective defining a distinct sphere of human enterprise that can be differentiated from those “non-religious” ones is a modern invention, and could find its place in neither encompassing Christian truth nor the tianxia order, nor even the fusion of these two horizons manifested in the awareness of literati Catholics, all of which defined the context in which the rites issue was debated during the Controversy.

Is there a ‘universal’ core? Using semantic primes to select vocabulary across languages in AAC

Core vocabulary lists and vocabulary inventories vary according to language. Lists from one language cannot and should not be assumed to be translatable, as words represent language-specific concepts and grammar. In this manuscript, we (a) present the results of a vocabulary overlap analysis between different published core vocabulary lists in English, Korean, Spanish, and Sepedi; (b) discuss the concept of universal semantic primes as a set of universal concepts that are posited to be language-independent; and (c) provide a list of common words shared across all four languages as exemplars of their semantic primes. The resulting common core words and their corresponding semantic primes can assist families and professionals in thinking about the initial steps in the development of AAC systems for their bilingual/multilingual clients.

인도 사상의 언어학적 전회

The theory of sphoṭa (burst of sound) appears in Mahābhārata and Aṣṭādhyayī, but it was first systematized in Patañjali's Mahābhāṣya. In grammar, sphoṭa is a unit of meaning that is possessed by utterance. There are phoneme (varṇa) sphoṭa, word(pada) sphoṭa, and sentence (vākya) sphoṭa etc. Bhartṛhari just only acknowledged sentence sphoṭa which holds that the sentence is the final unit of meaning conveyed by the speaker. In other words, when a speaker speaks a particular sentence, it is due to the sphoṭa of that sentence. When a listener hears that sentence, the sphoṭa of that sentence arises in her or his mind. Therefore, sentence sphoṭa is a permanent and universal concept for the meaning of speech that is not limited by the speakers, listeners, time, or space.
 This paper examines the relationship between speech, meaning, and object, and notes that in āstika, sphoṭa is interpreted as a concept of the power of Brahman. Furthermore, in Bhartṛhari's theory of semantics on sphoṭa, the paper examines his view that a word denoting a universal (jātiśabda) can be applied to individual reality in some verses of Vākyapadīya. On the other hand, Dignāga’s exclusion of other referents (anyāpoha) theory, which can be seen as a counterpart to the concept of sphoṭa, examines the argument that denies the universality of sound (arthasāmānya) and meaning (śabdasāmānya) in the early part of Pramāṇasamuccayavṛtti V.
 As this study analyzes and compares the semantics surrounding universals between Bhartṛhari's sphoṭa and Dignāga's apoha, it concludes by presenting the possibility that the two interpretations of the meaning of language could lead to conflicting understandings on the relationship between substance and phenomenon in Indian thought. Therefore, the transformation from sphoṭa to apoha on the conception of unversal could be considered the linguistic turn of Indian philosophy.

SPECIAL NEEDS SCHOOL WITH GREEN-UNIVERSAL DESIGN CONCEPT IN BOGOR REGENCY

Bogor Regency is included in The Province of West Java which has the highest amount of children with special needs (disability) in Indonesia. Based on the indication of National Economic Survey Data (SUSENAS), by the year 2018, 3 of 10 children with disability never really attend formal study at school. Until 2019, the number of children with disability that never attended school reach 400,000 children. One of the causes of many children with disability never attending school is that they are indicated as the 40% poorest families in Indonesia. Other than financial problems, the lack of learning facilities like special needs schools is also becoming the cause of many children with disability never really attending school life. The number of special needs schools in 2019 is only 1.861 in Indonesia. That is inversely proportional to the number of children with disability that reach the number 500,000 children by the year 2019. Special needs school is a learning facility for children with certain disabilities. Special needs school is made as a place for children with disabilities to study and improve their certain interests and talent just like normal children did. The building of special needs school is expected to be a place that can be used by the user without exception. The application of a universal design concept is suitable for special needs school buildings. Other than that, the application of green architecture is also needed to create a good environment.

Women’s Equality in Islamic Teachings Seen Through the Perspective of Fair and Civilized Humanity (Kemanusiaan Yang Adil Dan Beradab)

The Islamic vision of women’s equality challenges the view of patriarchal ideology that has been established in the culture of society in various parts of the world. It is important to analyze Islamic teachings regarding women’s equality through the philosophical meaning of a fair and civilized humanity principle. Philosophical analysis produces a paradigmatic and universal understanding. The problem studied is the description of Islamic teachings regarding women’s equality and the analysis results are reviewed from the perspective of a fair and civilized humanity. The aim is to obtain a paradigmatic and universal concept of gender equality. The analysis uses the method of philosophical hermeneutics, through the stages of understanding, interpretation, description, internal coherence, and holistic analysis. The study results show that Islam teaches the position of women to be equal in gender relations, that is, not to demean, not indulge, nor to equate (blurred emancipation) between men and women. The humanity taught by Islam and the second precept of Pancasila is the same, that is, it is based on the nature of human nature. Humanity taught by Islam and the second precept of Pancasila do not differentiate between gender, social status, religious affiliation, ethnic background and race in the contexts of life. Men and women are components together in humanity, because men and women are responsible for realizing fair, civilized and democratic relations.

Japanese Society of Anxiety and Related Disorders/Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology: Clinical practice guideline for social anxiety disorder (2021).

The development of clinical practice guidelines for social anxiety disorder began in March 2018 when the Joint Clinical Practice Guideline Development Committee for Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders was formed by the Japanese Society of Anxiety and Related Disorders and Japanese Society of Neuropsychopharmacology to jointly develop guidelines for anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Based on the universal concept of evidence-based medicine, three clinical questions (CQs) about pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy were developed for clinical guidelines for social anxiety disorder, panic disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorder in accordance with the Minds "Manual for Guidelines Development 2017 by the Japan Council for Quality Health Care: CQ1-"What is the recommended pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder in adults?"; CQ2-"What is the recommended psychotherapy (psychological intervention) for social anxiety disorder in adults?"; and CQ3-"What are the recommendations regarding monotherapy and combination therapy for social anxiety disorder in adults in terms of pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy (psychological interventions)?" Summarized recommendations for social anxiety disorder in adults are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor for CQ1, cognitive behavioral therapy for CQ2, and there are no recommendations regarding monotherapy and combination therapy for CQ3. These were answered by considering the balance between benefits and harms based on systematic reviews of each. The aim of this brief guideline for the standard-of-care (i.e., medical treatment) for social anxiety disorder in adults (18 years and older) was to help "shared decision making," in which medical professionals, including physicians, and patients share scientific evidence to decide on a course of treatment.

‘The nation has conquered the state’: Arendtian insights on the internal contradictions of the nation-state

AbstractThe globalisation of political power into structures ‘above’ or ‘beyond’ the nation-state has increasingly been called into question as part of a ‘sovereigntist turn’ in contemporary politics. While such demands for local control by bounded peoples may be democratic, empirically they often also take a nationalist form. Building on Hannah Arendt’s analysis of how ‘the nation conquered the state’, I argue that the slippage from democratic to national sovereigntism is rooted in fundamental conceptual instabilities within the concept of the nation-state. Whereas the first term in this hyphenated construct favours certain individuals based on their ethnic background, the latter is a universal concept that demands the equal treatment of all. My basic thesis is that these internal contradictions help to explain the nationalist tendency in calls to return political power to the nation-state. I illustrate these points by drawing on examples from the ‘illiberal democracies’ of Central-Eastern Europe, focusing on Poland and Hungary.