Universal Concept Research Articles

Formation of professional communicative competence of medical profile specialists under conditions of complication of social-professional interactions

The article updates the problem of forming the professional communicative competence of medical profile specialists in the conditions of the complication of socio-professional interactions due to the deepening of social isolation caused by the COVID pandemic, the need to provide medical care in emergency situations (war, technological and environmental disasters, etc.). It is emphasized that the mentioned processes are accompanied by an increase in the risks of emotional burnout and conflict in the professional activities of medical profile specialist, the need to act quickly in extreme situations and make vital decisions, which increases the urgency of the issue of the readiness of professionals for effective, partly crisis communication, which in the medical field has be characterized by timeliness, accuracy, completeness and an unambiguous understanding of a specific medical situation. Modern approaches to the interpretation of the concept of «communicative competence» both as a universal concept and taking into account the specifics of the professional activity of medical profile specialists are analyzed. It was found that communicative competence is a system of knowledge, abilities and skills of an individual that ensure effective interpersonal interaction, and includes: speech, discursive, sociolinguistic, illocutionary, strategic, linguistic and intercultural competence. It is noted that the communicative competence of a medical profile specialist presupposes the formation of contact skills, readiness to collect and analyze information, plan and convey to the patient the essence of diagnostic and treatment procedures, completion of communication, structuring of a communicative act, the ability to use various communication mechanisms in order to ensure a therapeutic effect on the patient. It was concluded that a high level of communicative competence of medical professionals determines the effectiveness of providing medical services in general, promotes understanding between all subjects of the medical care process, increases the patient's trust in the medical professional, avoids unnecessary conflicts and delays in the treatment process, etc.

IndepthPathway: an integrated tool for in-depth pathway enrichment analysis based on single-cell sequencing data.

Single-cell sequencing enables exploring the pathways and processes of cells, and cell populations. However, there is a paucity of pathway enrichment methods designed to tolerate the high noise and low gene coverage of this technology. When gene expression data are noisy and signals are sparse, testing pathway enrichment based on the genes expression may not yield statistically significant results, which is particularly problematic when detecting the pathways enriched in less abundant cells that are vulnerable to disturbances. In this project, we developed a Weighted Concept Signature Enrichment Analysis specialized for pathway enrichment analysis from single-cell transcriptomics (scRNA-seq). Weighted Concept Signature Enrichment Analysis took a broader approach for assessing the functional relations of pathway gene sets to differentially expressed genes, and leverage the cumulative signature of molecular concepts characteristic of the highly differentially expressed genes, which we termed as the universal concept signature, to tolerate the high noise and low coverage of this technology. We then incorporated Weighted Concept Signature Enrichment Analysis into an R package called "IndepthPathway" for biologists to broadly leverage this method for pathway analysis based on bulk and single-cell sequencing data. Through simulating technical variability and dropouts in gene expression characteristic of scRNA-seq as well as benchmarking on a real dataset of matched single-cell and bulk RNAseq data, we demonstrate that IndepthPathway presents outstanding stability and depth in pathway enrichment results under stochasticity of the data, thus will substantially improve the scientific rigor of the pathway analysis for single-cell sequencing data. The IndepthPathway R package is available through: https://github.com/wangxlab/IndepthPathway.

Ethnic and Moral Aspects Expressing National Image in Georgian Language

The manuscript deals with the aspects describing national image in Georgian proverbs and riddles. In particular, vines and wine are analyzed as concepts expressing the Georgian mentality marked with a national sign. The results of the qualitative method approximately explain what the Georgian considers these concepts to be traditional and with what specific characteristics they are presented in the phraseology of the language. At the same time, these realis create wise ethical and moral parameters and pass them down from generation to generation. The topic of Georgian proverbs is quite interesting in this regard: the quality of wine and its positive properties; the tradition of superiority while drinking wine and the respect towards this tradition; negative consequences caused by excessive intake of wine; the superior role of wine, which it plays in the life of any Georgian; allegoricality (no one is irreplaceable; taking on debt is not good; one should not celebrate until the end of the work; wine as a bribe; stinginess is a repulsive trait); The epithets of negative semantics used in the riddles with vine, grapes and wine are special, which in reality are loaded with tender, loving attitude of the speaker (vine - twisted, lame; grapes - crushed, boss-eyed; wine - crazy, nutty, wacky... etc. Based on the results of the research, the manuscript raises the question that the discussionof the concepts of grapes and wine is quite possible in terms of universal concepts, because their linguistic expression is quite diverse (synonyms, thematic fields, folklore and literary stories, stereotypes of behavior, objects of material culture, etc.), However, the formation of the final opinion will be possible only with a multifaceted and in-depth analysis of the issue, which involves the follwong stage of the research.

PRINCIPLES OF THE DEVELOPMENT COMPANY ECONOMIC POTENTIAL GROWTH THROUGH THE VIRTUAL ASSETS MARKET

The article is devoted to the study of the basics of the development companies' integration into the virtual assets market as a component of their economic potential growth in the context of the digital transformation of Ukraine. The article proves the role of development companies in the digitization development of the construction industry of Ukraine. The current state of Ukrainian legislation regarding digitization and the virtual assets market was considered, the analysis of which allowed to single out the virtual assets’ application areas in the operational activities of development companies, in particular, investment activities and marketing communications. The application areas of secured virtual assets are defined and the concepts of construction products tokenization are considered. The issue of entering smart contracts by the development company on Blockchain technology using secured virtual assets was investigated. Particular attention is paid to the construction of the development company metauniverse with a hierarchical structure in the form of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) sets of different levels. The relationship between the growth of the development project metauniverses and the implementation of BIM technologies in the design of real estate objects is proven. A universal concept of metauniverse construction of development company that implements residential construction projects has been developed. With the help of artificial intelligence technologies, conceptual views of non-fungible tokens at the level of the development company, development project (housing complex), individual multi-story residential buildings, individual apartments in these buildings, as well as individual stages of real estate development have been created. The main features of the created tokens are described concerning the corresponding characteristics of particular real estate objects. A scheme for integrating the real estate development process into the virtual asset market has been developed concerning the stages of the real estate object's life cycle. The prospects for the growth of development projects metauniverses after the introduction of "real" real estate objects into operation are determined, in particular, through the introduction of PTE technologies.

Coulomb-free 1S0p − p scattering length from the quasi-free p + d → p + p + n reaction and its relation to universality

The Coulomb-free 1S0 proton-proton (p-p) scattering length relies heavily on numerous and distinct theoretical techniques to remove the Coulomb contribution. Here, it has been determined from the half-off-the-energy-shell p-p scattering cross section measured at center-of-mass energies below 1 MeV using the quasi-free p + d → p + p + n reaction. A Bayesian data-fitting approach using the expression of the s-wave nucleon-nucleon scattering cross section returned a p-p scattering length {a}_{pp}=-18.1{7}_{-0.58}^{+0.52}{| }_{stat}pm 0.0{1}_{syst} fm and effective range r0 = 2.80 ± 0.05stat ± 0.001syst fm. A model based on universality concepts has been developed to interpret this result. It accounts for the short-range interaction as a whole, nuclear and residual electromagnetic, according to what the s-wave phase-shift δ does in the description of low-energy nucleon-nucleon scattering data. We conclude that our parameters are representative of the short-range physics and propose to assess the charge symmetry breaking of the short-range interaction instead of just the nuclear interaction. This is consistent with the current understanding that the charge dependence of nuclear forces is due to different masses of up-down quarks and their electromagnetic interactions. This achievement suggests that these properties have a lesser than expected impact in the context of the charge symmetry breaking.

Physical Violence and Scapegoating Within the Family: An Exploration of Biblical Texts and Contemporary Psychology.

To understand physical violence in the family, it is important to define the role of the victim. The term "scapegoat" is a universal anthropological concept, often used in sociological theories, where a certain group of people and/or minorities are often victimized or blamed (e.g., social ills). We may note that the phenomenon of scapegoating is most clearly expressed in the Bible. Therefore, we will use relevant biblical texts that refer to parental use of corporal punishment in which a child is scapegoated and/or victimized by parental violence. In this sense, the Bible is the most profound explanation and manifestation of the cultural, social, and especially religious development of humanity. At the same time, the concept of scapegoating is also demonstrated in psychology and therapy, where it also serves as a basis for understanding, for example, physical violence in the family, and where it is also crucial to define the role of the victim. In this article, therefore, we will explain the biblical background of this concept and highlight two basic dynamics of violence against children in the family: when the child is the "scapegoat" for unresolved tensions in the family and when the child becomes the "sacrifice" or victim of the dysregulated emotional response of his or her parents.

Re-interpreting interpreting

ABSTRACT In the face of newly emerging practices and shifting conceptual boundaries in translation and interpreting studies, the article engages with two recent theoretical proposals aiming at a reconceptualization of translation from the perspectives of semiotics and accessibility studies. The biosemiotic theory by Kobus Marais based on Peircean semiotics and Gian Maria Greco’s universalist conception of accessibility grounded in human rights are explored with reference to interpreting, and their theoretical, terminological, professional and academic implications are discussed. In addition, a conceptual mapping of various forms of media access services, including speech-to-text interpreting, serves as a basis for discussing ongoing redefinition efforts in the context of international standardization, highlighting the complex interplay of different stakeholders, including scholars, service providers, service users, and regulators.

Death as the Cessation of an Organism and the Moral Status Alternative.

The mainstream concept of death-the biological one-identifies death with the cessation of an organism. In this article, I challenge the mainstream position, showing that there is no single well-established concept of an organism and no universal concept of death in biological terms. Moreover, some of the biological views on death, if applied in the context of bedside decisions, might imply unacceptable consequences. I argue the moral concept of death-one similar to that of Robert Veatch-overcomes such difficulties. The moral view identifies death with the irreversible cessation of a patient's moral status, that is, a state when she can no longer be harmed or wronged. The death of a patient takes place when she is no longer capable of regaining her consciousness. In this regard, the proposal elaborated herein resembles that of Veatch yet differs from Veatch's original project since it is universal. In essence, it is applicable in the case of other living beings such as animals and plants, provided that they have some moral status.

Is Academic Entrepreneurialism a Universal Concept? New Ideas and Insights From Contextualisation Beyond East and West

This paper considers the conceptualisation of ‘academic entrepreneurialism’ and develops new ideas and insights by contextualising the concept. It critically reviews the conceptual literature of academic entrepreneurialism which is dominated by research and conceptualisation by the West and reflects its implications for understanding academic entrepreneurialism in China. After that, it answers the key question: Is academic entrepreneurialism a universal concept? By academic entrepreneurialism, it refers to the phenomenon that universities are willing to supply knowledge for capitalising new opportunities, managing risks and maximising revenues, reputation, or human capital in response to the demands for education, research and knowledge solutions by the knowledge society and economy, as well as developing new markets for their knowledge-based services and goods. This paper draws on global perspective and the case of Chinese higher education, and engages in conceptual discussions about the applied universality of academic entrepreneurialism and its limitations of making sense of cultural uniqueness in various contexts. We argue that academic entrepreneurialism is not a universal and all-encompassing template but the beginning of constitutive, continuous and complex transformation of institutional reasoning of different universities across the world. Not taking the culturalist presuppositions, new ideas from this paper may be helpful for reconsidering, redesigning and reorganising research, education and engagement of universities beyond East and West so as to foster their self-understanding in the entrepreneurial age and future-oriented development.

Understanding the "other" in the dialogue of cultures

The article presents an analysis of the principles of the "dialogue of cultures" principle, as a means of intercultural interaction between people belonging to different cultures. The clash of different cultures creates the need for dialogue and actualizes the question of the possibility of understanding. The problem of understanding the "other" in the dialogue of cultures includes not only the problem of understanding representatives of different cultural communities, but also the clash of "other" social communities, "other" peoples, "other" personalities. It is important to note that the existence of culture is possible only in the dialogue of those who created and those who perceive the phenomenon of culture. The dialogue of cultures is a form of interaction, understanding and evaluation of cultural objectivity and is at the center of the cultural process. The interaction of cultures in the modern world is manifested at all levels of human life: in everyday, economic, political, business levels. The increased interest in the issues of the culture of negotiation, intercultural interaction, the role of culture in society and various spheres of public life is closely related to the problems of a cultural nature. It becomes relevant to study the processes of adaptation to a foreign cultural environment, where the subject of research is not only new value standards, but also the mechanisms of interaction of existing cultural norms and, which is very important, the study of universal concepts used in various forms of cultural dialogue.

Creative Writing Class Module using the Metaphorical form of Modern Poetry－Focusing on Non-identity and Activating a Living Metaphor

This study, as a class study to enhance creative writing ability among students, tried to use the operation method of ‘living metaphor’. In this process, this study presented a class module and applied it in the classroom to review its achievements and limitations. The problem with existing studies that usually connect ‘metaphor’ with ‘writing education’ is that they accept too lightly the universal concept of metaphor and apply it to classes. This study tried to pay attention to the concept of ‘living metaphor’ that highlights ‘difference and non-identity’, rather than the ‘concept of metaphor’ that has been connected to ‘similarity’ without any review. This is because the metaphor entails a structure of thinking that can trigger novelty and creativity. In this process, this study focused on the concepts of metaphor and diaphor, which were noted in the theory of poetry and the theory of poetry creation. In addition, Korean modern poetry, which is being created as of late, was used as a reference material and as a module for the class. Through this process, this study confirmed that creative expression and logical commentary are possible by using the corresponding class module. In addition, this study confirmed that such a class module can lead to self-concept and identity exploration beyond simply creating creative expressions.

Of Sexbots, Cyborgs and Artificial Intelligence: Articulations of the Posthuman Subject in Jeanette Winterson’s Frankissstein: A Love Story

Abstract Jeanette Winterson’s latest novel, Frankissstein: A Love Story (2019), was written as a contribution to the world-wide celebrations of the second centenary of the publication of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein. Evincing the characteristic excessiveness and parodic stance of the postmodern romance, it alternates two interlocked story lines. The first, narrated by Mary Shelley, is situated during her own life span and populated by Mary herself, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Lord Byron, John William Polidori and Claire Clairmont. The second, situated in 2018, is narrated by Dr Ry Shelley, a transgender medical doctor who sells body parts to Prof. Victor Stein, a cutting-edge researcher in Artificial Intelligence. The essay argues that for all its parodic doubleness, temporal circularity, thematic enmeshment and palimpsestic structure, the novel draws a clear-cut distinction between the Idealist conception of subjectivity endorsed by the male Romantic poets that leads to Prof. Stein’s transmodern conception of a future universe colonised by bodiless enhanced humans, and Mary Shelley’s affectively charged conception of embodied subjectivity that foreruns Ry Shelley’s posthuman conception of fluid subjectivity.

The ‘Home’ Re-Framed: Interrupting Key Assumptions of the Home in Leisure Studies

‘Home’ is often central to discussions of leisure as ‘home’ has potential to create a sense of place, facilitate personal control, and encourage creative self-expressions. Within leisure studies/sciences ‘home’ remains privileged and uncritiqued. This stable perspective assumes ‘home’ as a universal concept that is commonly known, understood, and taken-for-granted. Transdisciplinary scholarship articulates ‘home’ as having multiple meanings, and through the disruption of the standard template of ‘home’, other possibilities for living ‘home’ can be actively (re)created. Leisure studies may benefit from critical explorations of ‘home’ described in mobilities, diasporic and cultural/geography literatures. This article serves to conceptually dis-locate the ‘home’ and offer a revived starting point for its critique in leisure studies. To do so, we share a critical exploration of ‘home’ in leisure studies, articulations of its re-imagined formations using transdisciplinary literature, and present implications for conceptualizing ‘home’ differently.

About Some Terms of Regional Linguistics

The article discusses the problems of terminology of the scientific direction developing within the framework of modern humanitarian knowledge – regional linguistics. The integrative nature of regional linguistics (its relationship with geography, history, ethnography, dialectology, sociolinguistics, etc.) not 
 only forms the specifics of this discipline, the variety of terminological nominations of its key concepts and their interpretations, but also determines the multivector approaches to solving its main tasks. Within the framework of the proposed
 approach, based on the analysis of the scope of the concept of region, considered as a field structure, the external boundaries of the derived terminological nominations are clarified – regiolect, regional worldview and regional linguistic personality. The latter, in turn, are characterized against the background of universal concepts of the world picture and linguistic personality. The specifics of correlation relations between the concepts of regional linguistic personality and regional worldview are determined. The role and place of regional knowledge in the structure is characterized.

The Holy See and Fyodor Dostoevsky: Mutual Attraction and Repulsion

The article analyzes the attitude of Fyodor Dostoevsky toward the Roman Catholic Church. The author shows how Dostoevsky comes to the Slavophile idea of unity and the impossibility of salvation outside church communion, while speaking of the Church as an ecclesia, that is, an assembly of believers. At the same time, the reception of Dostoevsky from the side of the Vatican is presented. In the article, special attention is paid to the perception of Dostoevsky’s ideas by Pope Francis. The author notes that the point of attraction and repulsion between Dostoevsky and Catholic culture lies in the plane of his understanding of the concepts of nationality and universality. Dostoevsky’s Russian idea and his view on the essence of Christianity grows from the synthesis of these concepts. The author emphasizes that only in this perspective it is necessary to interpret Dostoevsky’s ideas.

Do you want to know your future? A qualitative study of patient perspectives on knowing the risk of an incurable disease through ophthalmologic screening

BackgroundDementia and Alzheimer's disease are currently incurable. Evolving technology is investigating ways to diagnose cognitive impairment earlier. In the field of ophthalmology, optical coherence tomography is emerging as a noninvasive, cost-effective means of predicting the risk of future cognitive impairment in patients. ObjectiveTo explore patient perspectives and determine patients’ preferences regarding the desire for knowledge of a future risk of cognitive impairment years before the onset of any symptoms. MethodsWe conducted a qualitative study using a five-question survey distributed to seniors aged 50 and older at a senior center. ResultsOf the 210 participants, 194 (92.4%) wanted to know if they had a risk of dementia or Alzheimer's disease using retinal scanning. Of those responding “yes,” 150 (77.4%) wanted to know so that they could plan for the future. Education did not appear to have an impact on decision making. Of those with up to a high school education, 89.4% wanted to know the risk, while 94.8% of those with an education beyond high school wanted to know the risk. Of those employed in healthcare, 85.7% wanted to know about the risk of cognitive decline, and 93.1% of those employed outside of healthcare wanted to know the risk of cognitive decline. ConclusionsAn overwhelming majority of participants chose to know their future risk of cognitive impairment. Many cited “planning for the future” as the reasoning behind their choice. This study supports the idea that patients want to know more about their health risks and potential future diagnoses, so that they can make better informed decisions regarding their healthcare. The desire to know risk appears to be a universal concept, as there was not a statistically significant difference in opinion based on education or employment.

Human Rights Pluralistic Universality: A Bridge Between Global Norms and Cultural Diversity

ABSTRACT International law in general and human rights norms specifically are experiencing a wave of criticism from various fronts. One aspect of this is seen in the continuous debate on human rights universality and cultural diversity: there is growing discontent around tensions between global standards and local particularities. This article proposes to rediscover the pluralistic universality envisaged by the drafters of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 1948 as an interpretative tool that can provide guidance for this dilemma. The declaration’s drafters understood universality as a set of commonly shared values that are essential for the respect of human dignity, but the content of which is open-ended and flexible enough to entertain a variety of notions of human flourishment. The drafters determined which concepts enjoyed universal acceptability and which did not by looking at a horizontal cross-cultural agreement, intercultural dialogue, and accepting reasonable disagreement on controversial subjects. The article proposes that their concept of universality and method for determining global standards could be used to address the tensions between the international and national spheres and enhance the legitimacy of the human rights system.

A Research on Human Development , Rights to Eat & Social Protection

The factors that can make mankind successful and secure are human progress, human rights, and security. Human progress gives people the rights and skills they need to live happy, fulfilling lives. People are given support by human rights, which give them access to rights and skills. People have a right to the fundamental things in life, such as a sufficient level of living and entitlements for their existence. These rights, entitlements, and abilities may be fully fulfilled .if people are given the correct kind of authority, which will benefit everyone in society, but notably the poorest, exploited, and excluded. So, in order to develop policies and programmes for human improvement and security, it is vital to understand these ideas and how they interact. It is important to highlight the gap between "a right" and "a human right" here: A right is only one that society has the capacity to defend in order to enjoy it and to seek redress when it is abused. Being a human being must be a sufficient justification or reason for obtaining a right in order for it to be considered a human right, and only then. For instance, the "right to food" is a fundamental human right because everyone needs it to survive. The "Action Aid" brochure from 2004 provides the following succinct summary of human rights: “Regardless of their social, political, or legal standing, everyone has the right to live in dignity at all times”. Human rights are not a luxury, a gift, or a deed of kindness that may be granted on someone at their whim. All human rights are based on fairness and equality. It involves access to proper shelter, clean water, food, and health care, as well as freedom from slavery and reliable legal treatment. “The universal concepts of human rights are built on these fundamental human needs and ideals”. Keywords: Human progress, Evolution of Human right, Right to eat, Human security.

Environmental Sustainability: A Major Component of Sustainable Development

Without embracing environmental sustainability (ES), the universal concept of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) cannot be achieved in today's world. As an inseparable part of SDGs, ES can help the nations to fulfil the goal of Agenda 2030. The world, particularly the developing countries, is now encountering several environmental problems, including carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, hazardous pollution, climate change, global warming, floods, droughts, deforestation, excessive and less rainfall crisis, scarcity of food, water and other natural resources, misuse and overconsumption of natural resources, and loss of biodiversity. All these factors heavily impact our natural environment and cause irreparable loss. Our study finds that with unsustainable socio-economic development, environmental degradation is rising worldwide. We argue that human activities in the name of development are the main reasons for destroying the environment and natural resources. In this study, we explore that despite taking significant initiatives by the United Nations engaging the member countries to protect the earth from the aboementioned environmental problems, these problems are still prevalent in many countries in the world. Our study finds that irresponsible human activities primarily hinder sustainable development progress, which is essential for present and future generations. In this article, we find that embracing the environmental sustainability approach for all countries is necessary to ensure holistic sustainable development.

Фреймовая структура концепта «успех» в русской лингвокультуре

The present article discusses the structure of the concept "success" using the method of frame analysis. The relevance of the topic is justified by the great popularity of success research in various sciences, such as philosophy, cultural studies, psychology and sociology. In linguistics, the study of success is also a promising study. Modern society aims at achieving success, scientific and journalistic literature presents various approaches to the definition of success, its importance in the life of society, as well as ways of achieving it. The article aims at studying and describing linguistic means of success in Russian, as well as at revealing the attitude to success in Russian speakers. The concept "success" is one of the significant in Russian linguistic culture and has a high frequency of verbalization in speech. The authors consider that success, as it is understood by modern people, originates from the national idea of the "American Dream", while highlighting the difference in the perception and verbalization of universal concepts. The concept, being a cognitive structure, is verbalized in frames, which was the choice of frame analysis as a research method. The article emphasizes the importance of acquiring frames in the process of life experience, which manifests itself in the reflection of language consciousness. Frame analysis resulted in the identification of eight sub-frames and fourteen slots, which formed the basis of the objectification of the concept "success". Thus, the review of etymological interpretations and the study of the material of the National Corpus of the Russian language allowed us to identify the differences between folklore and modern understanding of success.