Universal Character Research Articles

Tuning Elastic Properties of Metallic Nanoparticles by Shape Controlling: From Atomistic to Continuous Models.

Understanding and mastering the mechanical properties of metallic nanoparticles is crucial for their use in a wide range of applications. In this context, atomic-scale (molecular dynamics) and continuous (finite elements) calculations is used to investigate in details gold nanoparticles under deformation. By combining these two approaches, it is shown that the elastic properties of such nano-objects are driven by their size but, above all, by their shape. This outcome is achieved by introducing a descriptor in the analysis of the results enabling to distinguish among the different nanoparticle shapes studied in the present work. In addition, other transition-metal nanoparticles are considered (copper and platinum) using the aforementioned approach. The same strong dependence of the elastic properties with the shape is revealed, thus highlighting the universal character of the achievements.

Anticolonialism as a Guiding Principle of Chinese Foreign Policy

This article explores the ideology of anticolonialism as a guiding principle in the foreign policy of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). It highlights the close association of anticolonialism with decolonialism, anti-imperialism, and the Nonaligned Movement, emphasizing their importance throughout the history of the PRC. While the current Chinese leadership may not emphasize anticolonial rhetoric as frequently as during the Mao Zedong era (1950–1970s), the core essence of Chinese foreign policy remains unchanged. China acknowledges its former semi-colonial status and aligns its policies with the interests of developing countries, seeking cooperation to protect its own interests amidst potential superpower pressures. Recent initiatives by Xi Jinping, such as the Belt and Road Initiative and the concept of a “Community with a shared future for mankind,” demonstrate a universal character that extends beyond developing countries. Authored by scholars from Russia and China, this article aims to familiarize the international audience with China’s official discourse on its semi-colonial past, anticolonialism, and decolonization. The authors also highlight the potential for cooperation between Russia and China based on their shared perspectives on these issues. Understanding China’s foreign policy principles provides valuable insights into its historical context and contemporary approach to international relations.

SARS-CoV-2 Virus-like Particles with Plasmonic Au Cores and S1-Spike Protein Coronas.

The COVID-19 pandemic has stimulated the scientific world to intensify virus-related studies aimed at the development of quick and safe ways of detecting viruses in the human body, studying the virus-antibody and virus-cell interactions, and designing nanocarriers for targeted antiviral therapies. However, research on dangerous viruses can only be performed in certified laboratories that follow strict safety procedures. Thus, developing deactivated virus constructs or safe-to-use virus-like objects, which imitate real viruses and allow performing virus-related studies in any research laboratory, constitutes an important scientific challenge. Such species, called virus-like particles (VLPs), contain instead of capsids with viral DNA/RNA empty or synthetic cores with real virus proteins attached to them. We have developed a method for the preparation of VLPs imitating the virus responsible for the COVID-19 disease: the SARS-CoV-2. The particles have Au cores surrounded by "coronas" of S1 domains of the virus's spike protein. Importantly, they are safe to use and specifically interact with SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Moreover, Au cores exhibit localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR), which makes the synthesized VLPs suitable for biosensing applications. During the studies, the effect allowed us to visualize the interaction between the VLPs and the antibodies and identify the characteristic vibrational signals. What is more, additional functionalization of the particles with a fluorescent label revealed their potential in studying specific virus-related interactions. Notably, the universal character of the developed synthesis method makes it potentially applicable for fabricating VLPs imitating other life-threatening viruses.

Stimulating the Law through Ubuntu and Nagomi in Three Japanese Short Stories

Abstract Critical engagement with and intersections of Japanese and African literatures are burgeoning. In pre-colonial African society, a lawful action was that action that took into consideration the common good expressed in the spirit of Ubuntu. Interestingly, Japanese literature and African literature share this universal character in common. Ubuntu intersects with the Japanese philosophy of Nagomi which emphasises harmony and balance thereby creating a nexus of transcultural hybridity. This paper examines Ubuntu and Nagomi as transcultural motifs in stories by Akutagawa Ryunosuke, Nagai Kafu, and Uno Koji in Akutagawa and Others: Three Japanese Short Stories to highlight ideological and law-oriented similarities. Carl Jung’s Persona-Archetype is privileged in this study because it accounts for the recurring images of Ubuntu and Nagomi in the public life of the characters. These cultural images help them to mitigate defiant conducts which violate the fundamental human rights and life purpose of other characters. In Nagai Kafu’s “Behind the Prison”, the motif of physical and psychological imprisonment is eye-catching as the narrator writes His Excellency expressing his frustration at the awful state of things in his Japanese society. Uno Koji’s “Closet LLB” interrogates the imperatives of choice and identity while Akutagawa Ryunosuke’s “General Kim” is a story based on the history of Japan and its neighbour, Korea. In the stories, the protagonists and other characters act heroically in ways that evince the tenets of Ubuntu and Nagomi. Their heroic actions allay the fears of their vulnerable compatriots and protect their fundamental human rights.

FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF LIGHT INDUSTRY IN FOREIGN COUNTRIES

The category of competitiveness is currently widely used and has a universal character. Solving the problem of competitiveness determines the socio-economic situation in each country. The coercive nature of competition forces producers to continuously strengthen their advantages at the risk of exiting the market, creating an incentive to increase competitiveness. At the same time, competitiveness can be considered as the main criterion for the performance of the subject. In this regard, all developed countries pay exceptionally great attention to the competitiveness of the state and individual enterprises. Light industry plays an important role in the economy of each country since it is a serious source of budgetary funds and has a significant export potential. The state of light industry affects the economic and strategic security of the country. The socio-economic significance of this industry is determined by the fact that it plays an important role in providing employment for the able-bodied population, especially women, and has an impact on people's health. Light industry products are used in all spheres of human activity and are second only to foodstuffs in terms of consumption. Because of this, light industry is designated in Kazakhstan as a priority industry. The relevance of this study is determined by the need for an in-depth study of the problems of ensuring the competitiveness of light industry enterprises and finding ways to overcome them. The goal is to adapt foreign experience in supporting light industry to the realities of Kazakhstan. The subject of the study is organizational and economic means of ensuring the competitiveness of light industry enterprises. The methodological basis was formed by theoretical concepts and practical developments of domestic and foreign authors on the issues under study.

Relevance of Genetic Identification and Kinship Analysis in Human and Natural Catastrophes—A Review

Different types of disasters, whether natural or human in character, lead to the significant loss of human lives. In the latter case, the quick action of identification of corpses and human remains is mandatory. There are a variety of protocols to identify victims; however, genetics is one of the tools that allows an exact identification of the victim. However, several factors may interfere with this identification, from the biological samples’ degradation not allowing the analysis of nuclear information, to failure to dispose of biological samples from family members. Access to certain family members could be a determinant of the proper choice of genetic markers that allow the identification of the victim, or his/her inclusion in a given genetic maternal or paternal lineage. New advances in the field of genetics are soon expected to allow for the identification of victims from disasters with only their biological postmortem samples; it may also be possible to draw a robot portrait of a victim’s most likely physical characteristics. In all cases, genetics is the only modern tool with universal character and can be used in essentially all biological samples, giving and identification of more or less accurate statistical character, depending on whether nuclear or lineage markers are used.

Sprawiedliwość jako relacje w życiu społecznym

The study is of a mostly conceptual and scientific-and-research nature, and the analyses contained herein are of a universal character. The article discusses the issue of relations of justice in social life. These relations have been based on the example of the right to life from the moment of conception, as it is the first, basic, and superior right. It began with considerations regarding the notion of justice. As a starting point, the classic definition in the formula “to render to everyone his or her own” (suum cuique tribuere) was adopted. It was emphasized that justice is for every human being. It was stated that justice as a universal value and a principle-norm, from which obligations originate, “builds” relations between entities. The article mostly analyses the relation between entities A and B, where entity A is every human being (the scientific data justifying when a human being originates are also pointed out), and entity B is a holder of legislative authority, always defined as an individual body just because of the considerations of justice, and as such participating in the relationship of justice.

LINGUISTIC MEANS OF ARTISTIC EXPRESSION IN TRANSCULTURAL PROSE OF FINLAND PART 2

The article is a continuation of the analysis of the peculiarities of transcultural prose writing in Finland (part 1). In the previous article, the concept of transcultural literature was considered and alliteration as an artistic and expressive means was analyzed. The purpose of this article is to identify and describe the stylistic features of the novel. The subject of the study are metaphors, allusions, repetitions, some syntactic means, namely the preferred use of homogeneous subordination, even though homogeneous adjuncts are connected by means of syndetic or asyndetic coordination. This way of connecting subordinate clauses gives the text a lilt and rhythm. The article examines cultural phenomena and facts, episodes significant for the lyrical subject. They do not always have a universal character; they may even seem deformed from the point of view of a huge cultural community. Transculturality in the work is manifested at the points of intersection of cultures, when the heroine compares the traditions, behavior, lifestyle of Egyptians and Finns. ElRamly uses color vocabulary because of its high communicative potential. Color nominations act as a means of conveying emotions, emotional experiences of the character. They are an integral part of the individual author’s picture of the world. The methodological basis of the research is a transnational approach to cultural phenomena. The main research methods are the method of motivic analysis, the method of intertextual analysis, the method of linguistic description of specific linguistic facts.

Variational methods for a singular SPDE yielding the universality of the magnetization ripple

AbstractThe magnetization ripple is a microstructure formed in thin ferromagnetic films. It can be described by minimizers of a nonconvex energy functional leading to a nonlocal and nonlinear elliptic SPDE in two dimensions driven by white noise, which is singular. We address the universal character of the magnetization ripple using variational methods based on Γ‐convergence. Due to the infinite energy of the system, the (random) energy functional has to be renormalized. Using the topology of Γ‐convergence, we give a sense to the law of the renormalized functional that is independent of the way white noise is approximated. More precisely, this universality holds in the class of (not necessarily Gaussian) approximations to white noise satisfying the spectral gap inequality, which allows us to obtain sharp stochastic estimates. As a corollary, we obtain the existence of minimizers with optimal regularity.

Refining and relating fundamentals of functional theory.

To advance the foundation of one-particle reduced density matrix functional theory (1RDMFT), we refine and relate some of its fundamental features and underlying concepts. We define by concise means the scope of a 1RDMFT, identify its possible natural variables, and explain how symmetries could be exploited. In particular, for systems with time-reversal symmetry, we explain why there exist six equivalent universal functionals, prove concise relations among them, and conclude that the important notion of v-representability is relative to the scope and choice of variable. All these fundamental concepts are then comprehensively discussed and illustrated for the Hubbard dimer and its generalization to arbitrary pair interactions W. For this, we derive by analytical means the pure and ensemble functionals with respect to both the real- and complex-valued Hilbert space. The comparison of various functionals allows us to solve the underlying v-representability problems analytically, and the dependence of its solution on the pair interaction is demonstrated. Intriguingly, the gradient of each universal functional is found to always diverge repulsively on the boundary of the domain. In that sense, this key finding emphasizes the universal character of the fermionic exchange force, recently discovered and proven in the context of translationally invariant one-band lattice models.

Universal singularities of anomalous diffusion in the Richardson class.

Inhomogeneous environments are rather ubiquitous in nature, often implying anomalies resulting in deviation from Gaussianity of diffusion processes. While sub- and superdiffusion are usually due to contrasting environmental features (hindering or favoring the motion, respectively), they are both observed in systems ranging from the micro- to the cosmological scale. Here we show how a model encompassing sub- and superdiffusion in an inhomogeneous environment exhibits a critical singularity in the normalized generator of the cumulants. The singularity originates directly and exclusively from the asymptotics of the non-Gaussian scaling function of displacement, and the independence from other details confers it a universal character. Our analysis, based on the method first applied by Stella etal. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 207104 (2023)10.1103/PhysRevLett.130.207104], shows that the relation connecting the scaling function asymptotics to the diffusion exponent characteristic of processes in the Richardson class implies a nonstandard extensivity in time of the cumulant generator. Numerical tests fully confirm the results.

Universal behavior of low-temperature heat capacity of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene thermoplastic polymer and its composite with graphene oxide

The low-temperature dependence of the heat capacity of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer and its composite with thermally reduced graphene oxide was studied. The existence of a so-called “boson peak” characteristic of orientational and structural glasses was demonstrated. The boson peak appears in the form of a local maximum in the heat capacity curve displayed as C/T3 vs T at Tmax = 3.52 K. It was found that for both ABS polymer and its composite, as well as for a number of other substances of a crystalline and amorphous nature, the manifestation of the anomaly of the boson peak in the heat capacity has a universal character that is described by an empirical function Δ*. The value of Δ* depends on the magnitude of the anomaly in the heat capacity and the temperature of the boson peak manifestation. Thus, this study provides new physical information about the possible causes of the boson peak appearance in disordered materials and indicates the universality of boson peak anomaly for substances with short- and long-range order.

Dissociation Across Cultures: A Transdiagnostic Guide for Clinical Assessment and Management.

The clinical heterogeneity of dissociation constitutes a challenge to the culture-sensitive clinician. Variability in experiencing dissociation, the interplay between acute and chronic conditions, and the predominance of a nosologically interface-type of clinical surface conceal core dissociative symptoms. While the latter (amnesia, depersonalization, derealization, identity confusion, and identity alteration) usually remain underreported, the clinical surface may be dominated by acute (functional neurological symptoms, brief psychosis, an experience of possession, or acute dissociative reaction to a stressful event) or chronic (mood and personality disorders) secondary syndromes. However, these syndromes also constitute gateways in pursuing the clues of core dissociation. Given that culture influences communication between clinician and patient, accurate expression of mental content requires the idiomatic armamentarium describing the experience. The latter is problematic in dealing with phenomena of core dissociation while the secondary representations have a relatively universal character for both clinicians and patients. Nevertheless, this approach requires a transdiagnostic understanding in conceiving this clinical interface. This interface reflects, in fact, complications of dissociative disorders which require to be addressed in the first line. This is either due to the medical and psychiatric urgency (e.g., functional neurological symptoms, brief psychosis) or due to resistance to treatment (e.g., antidepressant pharmacotherapy) which seem to be indicated for the particular condition. This transdiagnostic schema is based on a combined utilization of etic and emic principles in the cultural understanding of psychiatric disorders. Namely, universal medical-psychiatric categories are conceived as tools of communication and mutual understanding rather than being mere appearances or primary disturbances.

Scaling dynamics and universality of fission-gas-bubble growth in amorphous systems

ABSTRACT We present a generalised approach for describing the universal dynamics and statistical properties of fission gas bubble growth in amorphous systems, using as an example. We examine the scaling properties of both the growth and coalescence regimes of bubble growth, and find that the scaling exponents in these regimes are controlled by the fission rate and temperature. The nucleation regime is characterised by a growth exponent close to 1/2, while the coalescence regime is characterised by a growth exponent around 1/3. We show that the statistical distribution over bubble size is of a universal character. Analytical results are verified by numerical simulations and clarified with experimental data. This study provides insight into the kinetics of fission gas bubble growth in amorphous systems.

Страсти по детям, или этюд о Высшем Третьем

The article considers a few burial sites with numerous chindren’s graves of the Early Eneolithic and the beginning of the Bronze Age (the fifth and fourth millennia BC) in the North-West Black Sea region (cemeteries at Giurgiulești, Koshary, Vykhvatintsy and Bursuceni). Analysis of the burial rite and distribution of grave goods allows us to discern some ternary structures which could exemplify certain principles in the organization of prehistoric societies and institutions of social power. It is suggested that young children could be treated in a ritual as sacred victims whereas burial sites themselves could partially or completely function as sacrificial places. Archaeological parallels for such triple structures can be also traced outside the region in question. The ritual ternary compounds uncovered at archaeological sites are compared with threefold structures and motives evidenced within different mythological traditions. An inference is drawn that triple social models have no universal character and can emerge and disappear depending on specific historic situations.

Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Spatial Aspects in the Selection of Wind Farm Locations: Integrating the GIS and PROMETHEE Methods

Apart from wind potential, there are many other spatial factors which impact the possible implementation of wind farm projects. The spatial advantages and limitations of these factors can be used as criteria for selecting the most suitable location for a potential wind farm. The specific method for evaluating wind farm locations in this paper is novel because of its choice of spatial criteria and its two-stage evaluation procedure. The first stage involves the elimination of unfavorable areas for locating a wind farm, based on elimination criteria, using GIS. The second stage is the selection of the most suitable wind farm location using the PROMETHEE method. This is based on the multi-criteria evaluation of locations according to different weight categories and scenarios. The results are then multiplied based on which decision-making subjects can make appropriate decisions. The results indicate that the method presented has a universal character in terms of its application. However, its specifics in terms of quantitative statements for the individual spatial criteria used in the evaluation depend on the specifics of national and international regulations, the area in question and the particular project. By integrating the spatial criteria with the relevant legislation, this method has potential for global application. It aims towards systematicity, efficiency, simplicity and reliability in decision-making. In this way, potential conflicts and risks for investors and other users of the space are prevented in the earliest development phase of a wind farm project.

Solar Base LED Schlooring Display

The development of solar energy and the LED display, the superiority of the combination of them and software design of the system are discussed in this paper. Hardware design and software design are the key elements of this paper. Solar control circuit, LED display control circuit, etc are described, charge and discharge of the battery and output of the battery is controlled by Arduino IDE. The design of software provides driver to the related hardware circuit. The result of the experiment have achieved anticipate defects and met the design requirements. The aim of this paper is to design a textual display system, based on a light emitting diode (LED) dot matrix array powered by solar energy. The paper involves taking the device from an initial concept, through a design phase, to constructing a prototype of the product. The system consists of the display unit, which is powered from a photovoltaic ( PV) module and a solar sealed lead acid battery.. The self-contained nature of the intended design will allow the display to be mounted almost anywhere it is needed. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to utilize the solar energy and a rechargeable battery to power a universal self-contained characters display unit. This display unit is useful for creating attention-getting messages, location identifiers such as maps and address identification display modules.

Polynomial tau-functions of the orthogonal KP, multicomponent orthogonal KP and BUC hierarchies

This paper is concerned with the construction of the polynomial tau-functions (PTFs) of the orthogonal KP (OKP) hierarchy, multicomponent OKP hierarchy and universal character hierarchy of B-type (BUC hierarchy), which are proved as zero modes of certain combinations of the generating functions. By carrying out the action of the (multicomponent) quantum fields on vacuum vector 1, the generating functions for the orthogonal Schur function, multicomponent orthogonal Schur function and generalized Q-function have been presented. The remarkable feature is that PTFs are the coefficients of certain family of generating functions. Furthermore, in terms of the Vandermonde-like identity and properties of Pfaffian, it is showed that the PTFs of the OKP and BUC hierarchies can be written as determinant and Pfaffian forms, respectively. Meanwhile, the PTFs of the multicomponent OKP hierarchy can be expressed as the product of determinants. In addition, the soliton solutions of the OKP hierarchy have also been discussed.

Influence of Parameters and Regimes of the Electrodeposition on Hardness of Copper Coatings

Correlation among morphological, structural and hardness characteristics of electrodeposited copper coatings is presented in this review paper. Cu coatings were produced applying constant galvanostatic (DC) and pulsating current (PC) regimes on hard silicon (Si(111)) and brass substrates. The parameters of the electrochemical deposition were analyzed, which include the kinds of electrolyte and cathode, the coating thickness and the electrolyte stirring, as well as the parameters defining PC regime, such as the average current density and the current density amplitude, were analyzed. Morphology and structure of Cu coatings were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and by X-ray diffraction (XRD), while hardness was examined by Vickers microindentation. The coatings of Cu on both Si(111) and brass cathodes belong to “soft film (coating) on hard substrate” composite hardness system, and the Chicot–Lesage (C–L) composite hardness model was applied to estimate a hardness of the Cu coatings. Analyzing the examined parameters and regimes of electrodeposition, the critical relative indentation depth (RID)c of 0.14 has been defined by the C–L model. Based on done analyses, it is shown that this RID value, separating a zone where measured hardness corresponds to the coating hardness and a zone where it is necessary to apply the C–L model to determine an absolute hardness of the Cu coatings, has an universal character for the electrolytically produced Cu coatings on Si(111) and brass substrates.

Many-Body Description of STM-Induced Fluorescence of Charged Molecules.

A scanning tunneling microscope is used to study the fluorescence of a model charged molecule (quinacridone) adsorbed on a sodium chloride (NaCl)-covered metallic sample. Fluorescence from the neutral and positively charged species is reported and imaged using hyperresolved fluorescence microscopy. A many-body model is established based on a detailed analysis of voltage, current, and spatial dependences of the fluorescence and electron transport features. This model reveals that quinacridone adopts a palette of charge states, transient or not, depending on the voltage used and the nature of the underlying substrate. This model has a universal character and clarifies the transport and fluorescence mechanisms of molecules adsorbed on thin insulators.