Universal Basis Research Articles

The equity implications of an expanded health and wellbeing role for housing associations

Objectivesin light of the acknowledged relationship between housing circumstances and health outcomes, the research explored the implications of the diversifying role of housing associations, considering the extent and form of engagement with the health sector and the potential repercussions for inequalities. Study designthe research was based on a single case study of the Manchester city-region, chosen to provide a way of considering the role of recently agreed devolved governance and funding arrangements in respect of housing and health. Methodsprimary qualitative data were assembled via a programme of semi-structured interviews with housing and health policy actors and direct observation of six quarterly meetings of a housing-health steering group established as part of new devolved governance arrangements. Resultsthe findings reveal a perception among housing managers that the reorientation of housing association services to offset the rationalisation of mainstream provision risks exacerbating inequalities. Interview and observational data suggest that the diversification of housing association activity may have begun to erode the sector's ability and willingness to provide affordable housing on a universal basis to those in need. ConclusionsThe growing non-landlord functions of some housing associations can act as a deterrent to the allocation of housing to applicants with complex (and expensive) needs. This reinforces the increased selectivity in housing association stock allocations, linked to marketization and the increasingly commercial outlook of some providers. Further inequalities may be engendered because while tenants can benefit from the extended housing associations services, others continue to depend on a weakened statutory sector.

Вербализация философско-антропологических смыслов религиозно-художественной целостности

The article deals with the verbalization of the meanings of religious and artistic integrity. The concept of meaning is revealed, its discovery in a language that captures the sensual religious and artistic experience in verbal sign symbolic forms. The problem of verbalization of meaning is considered in the context of sensory and rational cognition, philosophy of language and hermeneutics. Verbalization is postulated as the universal basis of the creed, which finds justification in the appeal to religious imagery in art with references to poetic and musical works. Special attention is paid to the art of the word, its role in expanding the horizons of understanding the world and man, as well as the initiation of Scripture and Tradition by the word of all kinds of art, not only religious, but also secular, due to the effectiveness, performativity of the word.

On the issue of using expenditure functions in simulation of pneumatic links of the "throttle - capacity" type

Problem. When studying the work processes that occur in pneumatic or electropneumatic circuit of brake systems or pneumatic suspension systems of a wheeled vehicle, researchers use various expenditure functions on the basis of which they draw scientific conclusions and obtain scientific results, while they do not think about the fact that the functions are credible or not. The choice of the expenditure function, for researchers, is an actual scientific task, which should have a scientific justification and should not have a formalized nature. Goal. The aim of the study is to compare the expenditure functions to determine the nature of their influence on the dynamic processes that occur during filling or emptying links of the pneumatic circuit. Methodology. The approaches adopted in the work to solving the set goal are based on the analysis of the results of simulation modeling of work processes in pneumatic circuit. Results. A comparison of the research results obtained in this work with each other and with the results obtained in experimental studies, allowed us to establish the peculiarities of the course of work processes in the pneumatic circuit links when using different expenditure functions. It was established that, depending on the choice of the expenditure function, with the same initial conditions of simulation modeling, the results of the study can differ by up to 40%. Originality. The use of a universal basis of simulation modeling, based on various expenditure functions, enabled to establish that it is possible to propose new functions that better describe the working process in a pneumatic circuit than the known ones. Practical value. The obtained results can be recommended in the practice of simulation modeling of work processes in pneumatic or electropneumatic circuits of brake systems and systems of pneumatic suspension of wheeled vehicles.

Digital control unit for switching power supplies based on STM32G474RET6 microcontroller

The article is devoted to the development of a digital control unit based on a specialized STM32G474RET6 microcontroller, which will improve the software algorithm for controlling a switching power supply. The developed block consists of a minimum number of components and is a universal basis for controlling high-power power supplies with complex topologies. The microcontroller program makes efficient use of the computational resources of the new hardware. Illustr.: 4. Table: 1. Bibliography: 10 titles.
 Keywords: block, source, impulse, microcontroller, control.

Boys’ underachievement in mathematics and science: An analysis of national and international assessment data from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Boys in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia consistently and significantly underperform compared to girls across different grades and subjects, forming one of the largest gender gaps in student achievement in the world. Saudi Arabia offers a unique setting in which boys and girls attend separate schools on a universal basis starting from grade 1. This means that boys and girls are educated only by male and female teachers, respectively, in effect inhabiting parallel education systems. In this context, this study examines the factors that are associated with student achievement in mathematics and science in grades 4 and 8 and the extent to which these associations are different for boys and girls, in an effort to gain insights into boys’ underachievement in mathematics and science in Saudi Arabia. The paper employs data from two recent large-scale assessments of education: Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) 2019 and Saudi Arabia’s National Assessment of Learning Outcomes (NALO) 2018. A series of hierarchical two-level linear regression models showed that in grade 4, school climate was more strongly associated with boys' compared with girls' achievement in both mathematics and science, with boys attending schools of poorer school climate having a considerably lower performance compared with girls attending such schools. The findings also indicated that although greater literacy and numeracy readiness was linked with higher science achievement among boys and girls, grade 4 boys tended to benefit more from this readiness than girls. In addition, the results show that student absenteeism in grade 4 is particularly strongly associated with decreases in mathematics achievement among boys. In grade 8, significant interactions between gender and the extent to which students feel confident in science, the degree of schools’ emphasis on academic success, and teachers’ age are observed. The paper concludes by discussing some of the implications of these findings for educators and policy makers in Saudi Arabia.

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF ENTERPRISES. PROBLEMS AND CRITERIA OF DIGITALIZATION

Working on the examples of large companies, leaders in their market niches, and the ability of technologies, namely automation and the transition to modern software, to positively influence the efficiency, effectiveness, cost, and quality indicators of the company both among its competitors and within the organization and communications of its departments. Attention is focused on the preparatory process and planning of the transformation stage itself. General goals are singled out, which must be formed in advance. Errors that may occur in the process of digital business transformation at its various levels and stages are identified and analyzed. Examples are given of how it is possible, if not to get rid of, to reduce the negative effect of the transition to a new stage of development. The main categories of approaches to digitization, their pros, cons, and compromises that the management will have to make when choosing one or another option are analyzed. An analysis of the correlation of the concepts of digitalization and economy, software, and personnel management at the level of teams and departments is carried out. The issue of building an infrastructure for personnel training for a smoother transition and adaptation of all internal interactions is raised. A universal generalized basis of the construction plan with prescribed stages and expected results of the implementation of digital technologies is derived, which does not depend on the level of development of the company or individual team. Examples of correct metrics for retrospective analysis of achieved results are given.

Interest as Grounds for Consumer Rights Abuse Classification

The abuse of subjective civil right is one of the most difficult legal phenomena to understand, the roots of which go back to the time of Ancient Rome. There is more or less consensus in civil law regarding the criteria for a civil tort, but there is no consensus on the identification of abusive actions. Studying a case of abuse of the right by consumers, the author proves that the key role in solving this problem can be in the interest that determines the aim of all the powers provided for by law for this subject: the satisfaction of personal or family needs. In this context, the ratio of objective and subjective interests, as well as the impact of the process of their implementation on the mechanism of law enforcement, is analyzed in detail. At the same time, it is concluded that interest is not a universal basis for recognizing dishonest behavior as an abuse of the right, i.e. depending on the type of legal relationship and the specifics of the legal status of its participants, the criteria for classifying the abuse of the right may vary. This explains the ongoing long-term discussion about the essence of this phenomenon.

Deep Multiview Clustering via Iteratively Self-Supervised Universal and Specific Space Learning.

Multiview clustering seeks to partition objects via leveraging cross-view relations to provide a comprehensive description of the same objects. Most existing methods assume that different views are linear transformable or merely sampling from a common latent space. Such rigid assumptions betray reality, thus leading to unsatisfactory performance. To tackle the issue, we propose to learn both common and specific sampling spaces for each view to fully exploit their collaborative representations. The common space corresponds to the universal self-representation basis for all views, while the specific spaces are the view-specific basis accordingly. An iterative self-supervision scheme is conducted to strengthen the learned affinity matrix. The clustering is modeled by a convex optimization. We first solve its linear formulation by the popular scheme. Then, we employ the deep autoencoder structure to exploit its deep nonlinear formulation. The extensive experimental results on six real-world datasets demonstrate that the proposed model achieves uniform superiority over the benchmark methods.

Preparation of Biocidal Nanocomposites in X-ray Irradiated Interpolyelectolyte Complexes of Polyacrylic Acid and Polyethylenimine with Ag-Ions.

Due to the presence of cationic units interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) can be used as a universal basis for preparation of biocidal coatings on different surfaces. Metallopolymer nanocomposites were successfully synthesized in irradiated solutions of polyacrylic acid (PAA) and polyethylenimine (PEI), and dispersions of non-stoichiometric IPECs of PAA–PEI containing silver ions. The data from turbidimetric titration and dynamic light scattering showed that pH 6 is the optimal value for obtaining IPECs. Metal polymer complexes based on IPEC with a PAA/PEI ratio equal to 3/1 and 1/3 were selected for synthesis of nanocomposites due to their aggregative stability. Studies using methods of UV–VIS spectroscopy and TEM have demonstrated that the size and spatial organization of silver nanoparticles depend on the composition of polymer systems. The average sizes of nanoparticles are 5 nm and 20 nm for complexes with a molar ratio of PAA/PEI units equal to 3/1 and 1/3, respectively. The synthesized nanocomposites were applied to the glass surface and exhibited high antibacterial activity against both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella). It is shown that IPEC-Ag coatings demonstrate significantly more pronounced biocidal activity not only in comparison with macromolecular complexes of PAA–PEI, but also coatings of PEI and PEI based nanocomposites.

Eisenstein's Two Concepts of Montage and the Evolution of the Soviet Avant-Garde in the 1920s-1930s

In the 1920s, montage became one of the most characteristic strategies of avant-garde art, which was based on the understanding of the art work as a complex whole. It suggested the possibility of a recombination of relatively autonomous elements which was based on a rethinking of the general concept of artistic creativity and, in particular, the rejection of the traditional opposition of artistic labour to industrial, “alienated” labour. Sergei Eisenstein’s theory and practice of film editing were vivid manifestations of this approach. Thus, the scene “Kerensky in the Winter Palace” from the film October (1927) can be regarded as a thematization of his concept of montage and its ideological implications: dispersing the single image of the emperor and God, Eisenstein put the heterogeneity and discreteness of signifiers in place of totality. Such a model of montage can be called inductive: the movement proceeds from a particular representation to a general meaning by comparing this representation with others, particular and "non-correlative". At the turn of the 1930s, the concept was criticised within the anti-formalist campaign . However, in 1938, Eisenstein undertook a revision of his theory based on a deductive approach rather than inductive one. Now montage was carried out in the perspective of the initially given signifier: it appeared as a choice of a limited number of signifiers from a potentially infinite set for the best disclosure of the topic - to create its comprehensive representation". Eisenstein found examples of the use of this strategy in all forms of art, including painting and literature: everywhere, the image formation means the selection and comparison of a small number of components and the achievement of the effect of the identity of the particular and the general. At the same time, Eisenstein used the concept of the image (obraz), which played a key role in the aesthetic discussions of the 1930s; he understood the image as montage and extended the montage principle to all types of art, both temporal and spatial. His article “Montage 1938” contains one of the most convincing and articulate theories of the image in the history of aesthetic thought. By undertaking to rehabilitate montage, Eisenstein exceeded the level of the task at hand and defined this strategy as the universal basis of any artistic practice, rooted in the functioning of human consciousness itself.

Structuring the benchmarks of artistic and creative motivation for creating a stage image of a role by an actor in a drama theatre

The purpose of the article. Determination of the structure of the main guidelines of artistic and creative motivation in the process of creating a stage image of a role by an actor in a drama theatre. The research methodology consists of the use of systemic, art history, analytical, structural, and functional methods of researching the main guidelines in organizing the creative process of transforming the performer of the role actor into a certain stage image in accordance with the subject of his creative activity in the theatrical production, which is directly represented by the character of the dramatic work. Research novelty. For the first time, the structuring of the conceptual and categorical basis of guidelines for artistic and creative motivation of professional requirements for creating a stage image by an actor in a drama theatre has been carried out. Conclusions. At present, the fundamental scientific-theoretical method of consistency in building the structuring of the process of an actor's work on a stage image, apart from Stanislavsky's orientation system, has not been developed. For the better or not, is a controversial issue, because the creative search for a more effective and universal basis for acting is taking place in modern creative laboratories of theatre artists. So, the process of inventing new original artistic techniques for a stage play, figurative motivations, and the interpretation of a character in a dramatic form remains an incompletely resolved problem for stage artists.
 Key words: theatre, actor, acting, stage image, character, role, character.

Клиповое мышление и гештальт постправды в пространстве нарциссической культуры

The article considers various aspects of the existence of clip thinking and its individual gestalts. Corresponding study looks quite relevant in the context of an actual philosophical agenda, since the current cultural situation decisively affects not only the practical thought algorithms of a modern person, but also the transformation of the structures of Reason as such. Actually, a modern person, as a subject of specific thinking, first of all, demonstrates the narcissistic nature of his/her identity, which is revealed in certain stable intellectual patterns. These patterns include the idea of a person’s existence as a series of events of appropriation of everything that was captured by this existence, the idea of the automaticity of the onset of the human right to be heard, the idea of the possibility of deriving direct references to an individual’s personal experience as a universal transcendental basis and the idea of the inalienable right of a person not to follow the discovered “truth” at will. The most important gestalt of clip thinking, functioning in the horizon of its essential qualities and narcissistic patterns, is post-truth. The very appeal to the concept of post-truth is a statement of the prevailing clear order in the modern world of a situation where on the one hand truth is always less important than the private comfort of a narcissistic personality, and on the other hand truth is no longer significant for the acting sociocultural practices. Among the most significant circumstances accompanying the action of post-truth as a gestalt, it needs to pay attention to the following. First, post-truth can be considered as one of the markers of the actualization of the desire for social escapism, which is characteristic of a modern man. Secondly, the phenomenon of post-truth is inextricably linked with the widespread dissemination of ideas that for any cognitive difficulty somewhere there is an appropriate operational algorithm that resolves all difficulties. Third, post-truth works as the organizing principle of the global meme space. Fourthly, post-truth is an important aspect of that each time anew initiated culture shock, which acts as a practical mechanism for “switching on” clip thinking and “switching” its acts. It can be concluded that the study of the mechanisms of the post-truth gestalt and the related aspects of the existence of clip thinking makes it possible to deepen the understanding of many relevant processes occurring in the modern sociocultural space.

Analiza argumentacji prawniczej. Który z modeli teoretycznych jest najbardziej kompleksowy?

Today, there is a clear need in developing a unified theoretical model of legal argumentation viable for all areas of legal practice and legal doctrine. Despite the existence of several models within either general argumentation theory or multiple judicial-reasoning doctrines, none of them can be used as a universal tool for studies of legal argumentation. The aim of this article is to suggest a theoretical model of legal argumentation viable for analysis of legal argumentation not only in judicial reasoning but also in other areas, e.g., law making, law application, or law interpretation. The subject matter of this article is a theoretical model of legal argumentation as a universal multidisciplinary theoretical basis for legal argumentation analysis. The theoretical model of legal argumentation encompasses an argumentative situation, a body of legal arguing, instruments of legal arguing and argumentation, a reconstruction and an evaluation of legal argumentation. In its turn, the body of legal arguing includes: parties of legal arguing, a subject of legal arguing, and a content of legal arguing. The instruments of legal arguing include legal and other arguments, argument schemes, argumentation structures, and rules of legal argumentation.

Heat Flux Measurement in Shock Heated Combustible Gases and Clarification of Ignition Delay Time

Correct understanding of the ignition and combustion processes in the combustion chambers are critical for modeling advanced schemes of engines of high-speed aircraft and promising spacecraft. Moreover, experimental data on the ignition delay time are a universal basis for the development and testing of combustion kinetic models. Moreover, the higher the temperature of the fuel mixture, the smaller this time value and the more important its correct determination. The use of a thermoelectric detector allows to measure ignition delay times and record heat fluxes with a high time resolution (to tenths of μs) during ignition in propane–air mixtures. Due to the faster response time, the use of it allows refining the ignition delay time of the combustible mixture, and the detector itself can serve as a useful device that allows a more detailed study of the ignition processes.

Virus containment measures and homicide in Mexico: An assessment of community strain theory

ObjectivesThis study examined whether Covid-19 virus containment measures moderated the relationship between community strain and homicide rates in Mexico City neighborhoods and police quadrants. MethodsWe tested the moderation effects hypothesis with the use of a mixed-effects regression to estimate fixed effects with random effects at different levels of aggregation. A sensitivity analysis was used to assess whether results of the moderation effects were affected by changes in the unit of analysis. ResultsWe found no evidence that virus containment measures moderated the relationship between community strain and observed changes in homicide rates. Moreover, although community strain measures were found to be statistically associated with homicide rates, the results were seemingly affected by the Modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP). ConclusionsFirst, the link being made in the literature between the homicide drop and the Covid-19 pandemic based on strain theory premises has no universal empirical basis. Second, although homicide rates dropped on average after containment measures were implemented, these had different effects across places, making arguments based on overall average change inexact. Third, we find evidence that community strain can predict homicide rates, but results are sensitive to the MAUP. Thus, community strain explanations of homicide rates may only apply in some areas of cities and conditional on the unit of analysis.

Review: Building Socialism: The Afterlife of East German Architecture in Urban Vietnam

Review: <i>Building Socialism: The Afterlife of East German Architecture in Urban Vietnam</i>

On robustness and related properties on toric ideals

A toric ideal is called robust if its universal Gröbner basis is a minimal set of generators, and is called generalized robust if its universal Gröbner basis equals its universal Markov basis (the union of all its minimal sets of binomial generators). Robust and generalized robust toric ideals are both interesting from both a commutative algebra and an algebraic statistics perspective. However, only a few nontrivial examples of such ideals are known. In this work, we study these properties for toric ideals of both graphs and numerical semigroups. For toric ideals of graphs, we characterize combinatorially the graphs giving rise to robust and to generalized robust toric ideals generated by quadratic binomials. As a by-product, we obtain families of Koszul rings. For toric ideals of numerical semigroups, we determine that one of its initial ideals is a complete intersection if and only if the semigroup belongs to the so-called family of free numerical semigroups. Hence, we characterize all complete intersection numerical semigroups which are minimally generated by one of its Gröbner basis and, as a consequence, all the Betti numbers of the toric ideal and its corresponding initial ideal coincide. Moreover, also for numerical semigroups, we prove that the ideal is generalized robust if and only if the semigroup has a unique Betti element and that there are only trivial examples of robust ideals. We finish the paper with some open questions.

Phase Separation Properties in Transcriptional Organization.

Transcription is of great importance to stress response, fate control, and development, involving the functional cooperation of a large number of transcription factors and cofactors. Transcription machineries assemble rapidly to respond to the physiological and functional needs of cells. Recently, phase-separated biomolecular condensates have emerged as a universal biophysical basis for the spatiotemporal coordination of various cellular activities, including transcription. Here, we summarize and discuss recent advances in understanding of how phase separation contributes to RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated transcriptional regulation, with a focus on the physical properties and dynamics of transcriptional condensates.

Simultaneous operating temperature and output power prediction method for photovoltaic modules

Accurate cell temperature and output power prediction are vital for the optimal design and operation of photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, capturing the accurate relationships between cell temperature/circuit parameters and weather conditions is still a challenging task. In this study, a universal radial basis function neural network based hybrid modeling approach is proposed to model the cell temperature and circuit parameters. A simultaneous optimization model with l1 norm penalty is established and a separate parameter estimation strategy is proposed to handle the high computational parameter estimation procedure. The effectiveness of the proposed hybrid modeling approach is validated based on four practical experimental datasets of both commercial and laboratory PV plants. It is thus indicated that the proposed modeling approach could provide a promising potential solution framework for the accurate output power prediction under different PV types and relatively wide weather conditions.

Substituent effects on indole universal bases in DNA

A series of eleven 5-substituted-indole nucleoside residues were synthesized and incorporated into 15-mer oligodeoxynucleotide duplexes with each of the four natural bases (A, G, C, T) paired with the non-natural residues. The universal base properties of these residues were evaluated by comparing the stabilities of these complexes determined by UV thermal denaturation experiments. All of the substituted indoles were more stable than an unsubstituted indole residue, and measures of electronic influences of substituents on the indole pi system correlate with stability. Several residues were more promiscuous than the previously studied 5-nitroindole residue, but the relationship between substituents and selectivity is not clear.