Equipment Units Research Articles

Reduction of equipment unplanned downtime during repairs and modernization based on strength analysis

In order to identify bottlenecks in the equipment operation and accumulate data for the development of organizational and technical measures to reduce unplanned equipment downtime, JSC “Vyksa Metallurgical Plant” keeps records of downtime of the main technological equipment. All equipment downtime is recorded by production personnel in the automated analysis system of the workshop. Reliability specialists in the workshops have classified all units into criticality categories, which are presented in the form of a matrix that includes two groups of indicators: 1) severity of the consequences – personnel safety, safety of equipment and environment, production losses, troubleshooting costs; 2) probability of occurrence – high, medium, low, or very low. When determining the criticality assessment of an equipment unit, the most critical case of equipment failure and the worst one are considered. Classification of equipment by criticality categories is used to rank equipment in terms of reliability. The article considers the criteria for operability of machine parts, as well as the main software complexes for strength analysis that exist today. Two have been selected that will be used as strength analysis tools. The analysis of equipment unplanned downtime due to the destruction of parts was carried out on the example of the wheel rolling shop of JSC “Vyksa Metallurgical Plant”, unloaded from the shop automatic analysis system. The authors proposed the directions of application of the selected strength analysis tools and made the strength analysis of equipment parts in order to increase their structural reliability. An assessment of the potential economic effect of introduction of strength analysis tools showed the feasibility of using this innovative approach leading to downtime reduction.

Well construction for sand protection of electrical submersible pump

The paper deals with the complications associated with the sand production occurring while operation of oil wells with electric submersible pumps. Due to the fact that electrical submersible pumps are related to those, which pump the fluid with high rotating ability under the effect of centrifugal force, the impact of the composition of pumped fluid on its working parts is great. Long-term performance and endurance of the pumps depend on the quantity and granulometric composition of pumped mechanical impurities. The principal protection of electrical submersible pump from sand is based on the scheme according to which the sand and other mechanical impurities in the composition of reservoir product are separated from the fluid in the context of the pumps, and in the form of solution are replaced towards the electrical submersible pump and mixed with pumped fluid in its upper part (at the pump outlet) again. To solve the problem, consistent connection of the pump is offered. The equipment unit consists of the electrical submersible pump, the ejector and sand separator, the operation principle of which is based on the centrifugal force. While starting the electrical submersible pump, the sand separator connected to the engine axis starts rotating as well. Due to the occurred turbulent flow, the sand particles in product acquire centrifugal acceleration and replaced towards production casing. Thus, sucking the fluid cleaned from sand, the electrical submersible pump transfers it to the ejector under the pressure, providing it with the energy necessary for lifting general fluid. The ejector, in its turn, sucking the mixture with sand particles flowing near the electrical submersible pump, mixes it with cleaned fluid and lifts to the surface. The major purpose of offered well scheme is to decrease to the minimum the probability of pump corrosion due to the prevention of physical contact of operating parts of the electrical submersible pump with mechanical impurities.

Using In-Vehicle Monitoring Data to Assess Road Conditions of Traffic Flows

Developments in adaptive systems for maintenance and repair of automotive vehicles set the task of monitoring the conditions of their operation. One of the main factors determining these conditions is the type of road surface.The article describes the results of identification of the type (and condition) of the road surface obtained by theoretical and experimental methods based on the analysis of vertical accelerations recorded on the vehicle body.The purpose of research was to provide a possibility of continuous monitoring of the type of road surface on which a vehicle is driving, with the subsequent application of the obtained data to correct maintenance intervals. The results of experiments have shown the dependence of the vertical acceleration of the body on the micro-profile of the road surface. The described experimentally obtained profiles of vertical accelerations refer to different types of road surface in different conditions. For quantitative assessment, it is proposed to calculate the average level of accelerations as an integral average over a certain time interval.The results of the experiments have allowed to substantiate the empirical dependence of the average level of accelerations on speed of a vehicle. Based on this dependence, a method is proposed for recalculating the current values of the average levels of accelerations obtained at different speeds into values adjusted to the base speed to ensure the possibility of their comparison.It is shown that based on the values of average acceleration levels obtained through operation monitoring regarding a previously known type of road surface, it is possible to determine its condition. A short algorithm is formulated for practical implementation and assessment of road conditions of traffic flows. As for hardware, it is proposed not to equip a vehicle with additional sensors but to use operational standard accelerometers as part of in-vehicle emergency call systems, e.g., ERA-GLONASS equipment units.

Development of methodology and measures to ensure the reliability of energy systems equipment

THE PURPOSE: The article presents the results of the development of a methodology for the design calculation of reliability and changes in the level of reliability of energy systems, taking into account the influence of control actions based on statistical methods of collection, analysis and models of experimental data processing.METHODS: The system analysis and generalization of experimental data on technological failures of the main equipment of thermal power plants were used in the calculation assessment.RESULTS: The objective function of controlling the reliability parameters of the thermal power plant power equipment is proposed. The approbation of the presented objective control function was performed, which showed the adequacy of the results obtained to assess the reliability of the main nodes and elements of the TPP power equipment.CONCLUSION: The results of the conducted studies show that when determining reliability indicators, it is necessary to take into account the actual technical condition of individual elements and resource-determining functional units of thermal power plant power equipment. The results obtained can be used to develop a methodology for evaluating control actions for calculating the output control parameters and a mathematical model for changing the output characteristics of TPP steam turbines in terms of heat and electric energy generation, as well as at the stage of developing design documentation for the creation of structural elements and practical recommendations in order to extend the service life of power equipment generating systems based on digital technologies.

Health Indicator for Batch Processes Based on SP-LASSO

For decades, manufacturers have been collecting and storing high amounts of data with the aim of better controlling and managing their processes. With the vast amount of information and hidden knowledge in all of these data, the challenge for these manufacturers to monitor their equipment units, is the extraction of an appropriate health indicator from these data that illustrates the actual state of their equipment units. In this paper, we are interested in extracting the health indicator of semiconductor equipment where manufacturing is performed by batch. For that, a novel automatic approach named Significant Points combined to the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (SP-LASSO) is proposed. This approach is mainly based on LASSO regression model. Its accuracy is illustrated by numerical application on simulated data.

Study heat exchange in porous structures

This paper shows the problem with heat exchange depending on units of thermal power plant equipment. The type of structures is determined and the heat flow for different pressures is proposed. Studies are developed for the condition of the heat exchange surface. Devices with porous coatings eliminate the development of cracks in the components and units of TPP equipment have been suggested. The research is applicable to gas turbine units of TPP. Comparable capillary-porous and flow systems have high reliability, but the former allowed the reduction of coolant consumption dozens up to 80 times. The results show that at higher heat loads it is suitable to use in porous surfaces to control the cooling surface. Evaluation of capillary-porous structures has shown their advantages over traditional cooling systems.

FEATURES OF ALFALFA PREPARATION ON RICE CROP ROTATION

Currently, the technological processes of preparation of alfalfa as fodder in the rice crop rotation in the districts of Kyzylorda region and the coefficient of technical readiness of equipment used for mechanization does not exceed 0,7 and the load per unit of equipment is 1.2-1.6 times higher than the norm. The article considers the interaction between the technical means of preparation of alfalfa as fodder and the probable nature of the processed material and the factors influencing the external environment, taking into account the interrelationships between them. In order to substantiate the technology of alfalfa preparation, the general service theory (GPP), probability theory, reliability theory were used. Experimental studies were conducted in irrigated fields of Kyzylorda oblast and using natural experiments, time calculations and simulation models developed using experiments. The results of the research were processed using the methods of probability theory and mathematical statistics. On the basis of natural and computational experiments of technology of preparation, transportation and storage of fodder, analytical dependences of performance indicators of the main natural and technological factors characterizing operating conditions of system are defined. operating modes allow to increase the efficiency of production processes of preparation, transportation and storage of fodder in real production conditions.

Process Supervision of Long Products Hot Rolling Mill. Attack or Failure Identification.

The aim of this paper is to explore the potential capabilities of nonlinear projectors to represent the integrated behaviour of products when manufacturing involves several plants inside a typical facility of heavy industry. The interest is focused in the integrated supervision of production able to identify sudden failures or infrastructure attacks discovered from the process perspective. In this analysis, not only the feasibility but also computational capabilities are going to be explored. The selected methodology is the case analysis with action research, and the selected facility is a hot rolling mill for long steel products, which involves more than twenty plants or equipment units. The challenge is to define a monitoring procedure able to assess the product as well as the individual behaviour of each equipment. The results obtained allow to define an automatic procedure applicable in intraprocess time, which can have as an additional benefit its visual interpretation from the operator point of view.

Оценка технической готовности мобильных средств пожаротушения к применению по предназначению

Introduction. The technical readiness of mobile fire extinguishing equipment determines the performance by the units of EMERCOM of Russia of actions for their intended purpose. Currently, EMERCOM of Russia uses more than 50 thousand units of fire equipment of various types, service life and technical condition, which creates significant difficulties in managing the technical support of units. Therefore, consideration of the problem of managing the technical support of the units of EMERCOM of Russia to maintain the technical readiness of mobile fire extinguishing equipment in modern conditions is extremely important. Goals and objectives of the study. The aim of the study is to improve the management of the technical support of the departments of EMERCOM of Russia by updating and scientifically substantiating the factors influencing the processes of managing the technical support for the high-quality operation of mobile fire extinguishing equipment. To achieve the goal, the tasks of selecting and updating criteria that affect the technical readiness of mobile fire extinguishing equipment during their operation, analyzing the number of equipment by type, using mobile fire extinguishing equipment by samples, equipment composition by brand, qualitative composition of the car fleet by categories, calculating the coefficient of technical readiness, determination of criteria for assessing the state of a technical facility, the relationship of types of technical condition, the relationship of criteria from the technical condition. Research methods. In the course of the study, methods of system analysis were used. Results and its discussion. The most significant factors influencing the process of managing technical support to maintain the technical readiness of mobile fire extinguishing equipment during their operation have been identified. The results of the analysis of the number of equipment by type, the use of mobile fire extinguishing equipment by samples, the composition of equipment by brand, the qualitative composition of the car fleet by category, the coefficient of technical readiness, the criteria for assessing the condition of the technical equipment, the relationship between the types of technical condition, the relationship of criteria from the technical condition are presented. The analysis of existing approaches to the assessment of readiness for the use of fire equipment was carried out. A model and algorithm for assessing the readiness for the use of mobile fire extinguishing equipment has been developed. The relevance of the ongoing research and its main directions, which are due to the most significant factors affecting the operation of mobile fire extinguishing equipment, are confirmed. Conclusion. The results obtained in the course of the work can be used in the development of proposals for improving the management system for the technical support of units in the operation of mobile fire extinguishing equipment and identifying promising areas of research in this area. Keywords: technical support, control system, criteria for assessing the condition of a technical facility, types of technical condition, technical readiness, assessment of technical readiness, reliability, good condition, technical readiness factor, mobile fire extinguishing equipment.

AN ALGORITHM FOR CONTROLLING THE FILLING OF POLYMERS AND COMPOSITES BY OIL TO A GIVEN LEVEL

To ensure high productivity while minimizing human impact and improve the quality of friction units of machines and equipment used in the agricultural and industrial complex, an algorithm for controlling the technological process of oil filling of polymer and composite materials to a given level of filler penetration has been developed. The implementation of this process has become possible thanks to the automated process of studying the oil filling of polymers and composites. (Research purpose) The research purpose is developing an algorithm for controlling the technological process of oil filling of polymers and composites with an oil filler based on M8-B engine oil and hexane. (Materials and methods) A previously developed database on the penetration rate of oil filler has been taken as the basis. The article presents the installation of electrothermal oil filling. The practical implementation of the installation for electrothermal oil filling was carried out according to these schemes: the control unit, the electrode bath, and the modified industrial installation UZP 2500 were prepared for the experiments. The algorithm of a complex automated control system for the technological process of electrothermal oil filling of polymer and composite materials has been developed and described. (Results and discussion) The developed technology allows filling polymers and composites to a given level, knowing the control parameters of the process (speed and depth of penetration). (Conclusions) According to the compiled algorithm for controlling the technological process of oil filling of polymers and composites, it will be possible to increase the performance characteristics of parts used in the agricultural industry with an increase in productivity for their modernization due to this process, which leads to minimizing labour.

Automated assessment system of energy parameters of the tractor fleet

The expediency of operational control of the energy parameters of the agricultural enterprise’s MTP under operating conditions is shown, which allows timely repair and maintenance measures to reduce power losses. An algorithm for automating the monitoring of energy indicators of tractor engines has been developed, including the main technological procedures for each unit of household equipment. An automated system has been formed based on the proposed algorithm and the diagnostic device for energy monitoring of the tractor fleet of the agricultural enterprise developed at SibFTI. The issues of practical application of the system in the agricultural enterprise are considered.

3D МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ В ПРОГРАММНОМ КОМПЛЕКСЕ ANSYS WORKBENCH НА ПРИМЕРЕ РАСЧЕТА КОНСТРУКЦИЙ АЭРОДРОМНОЙ ТЕХНИКИ

The use of modern computer technologies makes it possible to achieve high practical and economic results in various fields of industry. Information technologies used in design are also actively developing. There is an increasing number of various computer simulation programs. The article proposes a 3D model of the structure of a metal subframe with subsequent calculation of the loads acting on it in the ANSYS Workbench 16.2 software package using the Static Structural module. Loading diagrams are given and graphs of the movement of the structural unit under study are formed for four cases of movement of airfield special equipment. An analysis was made of the dynamic characteristics of the movement of the car and the coefficients of adhesion to the road, during which the numerical values suitable for the developed system were determined in order to calculate the contact and non-contact forces. In the course of research, for each type of movement, the numerical values of the loads along the three main axes were identified. Dangerous areas are indicated where cases of violation of the integrity of the structure are possible. On the basis of the data obtained, a conclusion was formed that allows developing the design of an airfield watering machine, while eliminating shortcomings and errors in the design of power units of equipment.

ФОРМУВАННЯ ЦІНОВОЇ СТРАТЕГІЇ В СИСТЕМІ МАРКЕТИНГУ МАШИНОБУДІВНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА

Abstract. Objective. The research problem for this study is to analyze the mechanism of the price strategy development of a mechanical engineering company in a competitive environment. To achieve the goal, it is necessary to generalize theoretical approaches to determining the strategic direction of the company's price policy and analyze the main factors of the market situation in the field of domestic mechanical engineering. Methods. The issues of evolution and analysis of the strategic direction of the price policy of a mechanical engineering company were analyzed in the works of such researchers as Bozhkov D., Zhegus O., Koriniev V., Pererva P., Sus L., Shevchuk N. and many others. In their studies, considerable attention is also paid to issues of strategic management and increasing the competitiveness of industrial companies in modern economic conditions. Results. The main task when setting the price strategy for mechanical engineering products is to determine the consumer value of the product, which is calculated as the difference between the benefits received by the buyer and his costs. When analyzing a company's competitive advantage, it is necessary to compare its own costs with the costs of its main competitors. In some cases, it is necessary to determine the costs of competitors on the basis of data on the amount of wages, the cost of materials and production equipment, as well as other indirect information. The strategic form of the price policy can include different implementation options depending on the marketing strategy carried out by the company. It is also important to consider the level of business environmental turbulence and its impact on the strategic planning. It is recommended to allocate all costs for equipment maintenance in proportion to the quantitative composition of production and technical equipment used for each type of activity, and only then calculate the total amount of maintenance costs for each unit of equipment throughout the useful life of its operation. Scientific novelty. The scientific novelty of the obtained results is in the improvement of the methodical approach to marketing pricing, which is based on a comparison of the level of production costs of the manufacturer, the level of prices and value orientations of consumers. Practical significans. The author's conclusions can be used in the practical activity of manufacturers and trade companies as well as be put into the basis for further scientific developments in improving the processes of marketing pricing of domestic business entities. Key words: marketing pricing, pricing factors, pricing methods, pricing policy of the company, pricing strategy, marketing activity of the company, production capacity of the mechanical engineering company, production costs, price elasticity, target pricing.

National inventory of authorized diagnostic imaging equipment in Ghana: data as of September 2020.

Introductionto address the challenge of inadequate and non-equitable distribution of diagnostic imaging equipment, countries are encouraged to evaluate the distribution of installed systems and undertake adequate monitoring to ensure equitability. Ghana´s medical imaging resources have been analyzed in this study and evaluated against the status in other countries.Methodsdata on registered medical imaging equipment were retrieved from the database of the Nuclear Regulatory Authority and analyzed. The equipment/population ratio was mapped out graphically for the 16 regions of Ghana. Comparison of the equipment/population ratio was made with the situation in other countries.Resultssix hundred and seventy-four diagnostic imaging equipment units from 266 medical imaging facilities (2.5 units/facility), comprising computed tomography (CT), general X-ray, dental X-ray, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) gamma camera, fluoroscopy, mammography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were surveyed nationally. None of the imaging systems measured above the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) average imaging units per million populations (u/mp). The overall equipment/population ratio estimated nationally was 21.4 u/mp. Majority of the imaging systems were general X-ray, installed in the Greater Accra and Ashanti regions. The regional estimates of equipment/population ratios were Greater Accra (49.6 u/mp), Ashanti (22.4 u/mp), Western (21.4 u/mp), Eastern (20.6 u/mp), Bono East (20.0 u/mp), Bono (19.2 u/mp), Volta (17.9 u/mp), Upper West (16.7 u/mp), Oti (12.5 u/mp), Central (11.9 u/mp), Northern (8.9 u/mp), Ahafo (8.9 u/mp), Upper East (6.9 u/mp), Western North (6.7 u/mp), Savannah (5.5 u/mp) and North-East (1.7 u/mp).Conclusionmedical imaging equipment shortfall exist across all imaging modalities in Ghana. A wide inter-regional disparity in the distribution of medical imaging equipment exists contrary to WHO´s recommendation for equitable distribution. A concerted national plan will be needed to address the disparity.

Liquid Deactivation of Equipment Units in Solutions with Complexing Agents by Electrochemical and Combined Process Intensification

Liquid Deactivation of Equipment Units in Solutions with Complexing Agents by Electrochemical and Combined Process Intensification

CONTRIBUTION OF THE I.E. ULMAN SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL TO THE CREATION OF THE SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS OF THE TECHNICAL SERVICE OF MACHINES

The science of repair and restoration of components and parts of agricultural machinery was actively developed in the conditions of the planned economy of the country in the 1950-1980 s. The work of the network of specialized repair plants, maintenance stations, diagnostic points deployed in all regions of the country was based on the scientific and technological basis created by domestic scientists. A great contribution to the accumulation of significant scientific and practical experience in the restoration of agricultural machinery was made by the scientific school of the Chelyabinsk Institute of Mechanization and Electrification of Agriculture, headed by I.E. Ulman. (The purpose of the study) TTo analyze the directions of research and development in the field of creating a system for organizing and carrying out maintenance and repair of agricultural machinery and to identify its role in the development of the agro-industrial complex of the region. (Materials and methods) Determined that the beginning of work I.E. Ulman is associated with the development of experimental research methods on various friction units of mechanisms and machines in the laboratory of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute named after M.I. Kalinin and industrial training at the Putilov plant. (Results and discussion) The scientific research of the I.E. Ulman school covered the following main areas: research and development of technological processes for the restoration of worn parts by electrophysical methods; evaluation of the reliability of repaired units and restored parts by accelerated testing methods; diagnostics of mobile equipment units in the process of their repair, research and development of organizational bases for maintenance and repair of machines, restoration of worn parts of a wide range. (Conclusions) The scientific school of I.E. Ulman has made a significant contribution to the development of technologies for restoring worn-out machine parts with various coatings (galvanics, vibro-arc surfacing, baking metal powders).

Bi-Level Energy Management Model of Grid-Connected Microgrid Community

As the proportion of renewable energy power generation continues to increase, the number of grid-connected microgrids is gradually increasing, and geographically adjacent microgrids can be interconnected to form a Micro-Grid Community (MGC). In order to reduce the operation and maintenance costs of a single micro grid and reduce the adverse effects caused by unnecessary energy interaction between the micro grid and the main grid while improving the overall economic benefits of the micro grid community, this paper proposes a bi-level energy management model with the optimization goal of maximizing the social welfare of the micro grid community and minimizing the total electricity cost of a single micro grid. The lower-level model optimizes the output of each equipment unit in the system and the exchange power between the system and the external grid with the goal of minimizing the operating cost of each microgrid. The upper-level model optimizes the goal of maximizing the social welfare of the microgrid. Taking a microgrid community with four microgrids as an example, the simulation analysis shows that the proposed optimization model is beneficial to reduce the operating cost of a single microgrid, improve the overall revenue of the microgrid community, and reduce the power interaction pressure on the main grid.

Analysis of geometric parameters and technical requirements for pin conical joints in pump nodes

The article analyzes the causes of the situation with the appearance of manufacturing errors and the lack of the necessary technical requirements to perform a pin conical joint his intended purpose. The analysis was performed based on geometric construction of the assembly dimensional chain of two parts to be connected and a conical pin with a taper 1:50 according to GOST 9465-79, which is used in the pin joints of pumping equipment. The geometric analysis included the separation of deviations into linear dimensions and angular deviations. The values of the angular deviations were reduced to the linear values of their projections along the axis of the pin, to determine the tolerance on the end height protrusion of the pin above the surface of the connecting parts. Also, the unfoundedness of assigning the roughness index of the hole under the pin at the level of Ra 1.6 μm and its inexpediency when it is impossible to ensure the required contact length is theoretically proved and the solution of this contradiction is proposed. A detailed analysis of the technical requirements for drawings of pumping equipment units containing pin conical joints and paragraphs of the relevant standards, which resulted in the inconsistencies, and offer recommendations that will ensure the quality of the joint following its official purpose. Analysis of the geometric parameters of pin conical joints for the first time allowed to determine the dependence of the height of the pin end protrusion above the surface of the connecting parts and the tolerance for this parameter, as well as to propose mathematical dependences for their determination. The presented dependencies can be used in practice for a reasonable calculation during the design of pin conical joints in pump nodes and in machine-building enterprises where such joints are used. For the first time, the determination of the tolerance for hole size for machining conical reamers is presented, and the formula for calculating this parameter is proposed, which is given in the recommendations for their use in machine building enterprises and products containing pin conical joints.

The Digital Twin for Agricultural Machinery Restoration Processes

Introduction. Agricultural machinery provides the required level of mechanization. Sand abrasive, dirt, and open-air operations considerably accelerate the wear of mechanisms. An improper work plan and lack of complete information about the state of specific equipment units increase the time for repair and maintenance operations. The purpose of the study is to develop a digital twin model for the repair and restoration system of enterprises. The model will reduce material costs and allow for the best solutions to organize the work. Materials and Methods. The model is developed on the basis of simulation modeling. The authors used the approach based on discrete-event modeling with the logical-mathematical apparatus for describing events occurring in a real object. Results. Information support is formed taking into account the parameters of the production systems of repair enterprises and a mathematical model, which is a digital twin of the production system. This approach made it possible to automate the development of optimal plans for organizing repair work by repair enterprises, taking into account their interrelationships. Discussion and Conclusion. The digital twin for the generalized production system of repair organizations allows developing options for the resource allocation and verifying them promptly to choose the best options through accumulating information about the most successful solutions. This will reduce the time for repair and restoration works, improve their quality and save labor.

Design and simulation analysis of high-temperature heat-storage combined-circulation system

Abstract In view of the continuous increase in the proportion of renewable energy connected to the grid in China and the increasing peak-to-valley difference in electricity demand on the power grid, this paper proposes a high-temperature thermal-storage combined-cycle power-generation system. Using Thermoflex thermal simulation analysis software, a high-temperature thermal-storage combined-cycle simulation analysis system model was established, and the influence of different initial temperatures and pressure ratios on the combined-cycle system was analysed. Sensitivity analysis of factors such as electricity cost, annual operating hours, initial equipment investment, unit efficiency and other factors that affect the net income of the system was carried out. According to the current power-peak-shaving auxiliary service market in China, it is pointed out that high-temperature thermal-storage combined-cycle projects must be profitable and obtain good economic benefits. The results obtained, on the one hand, provide suggestions for the flexibility and transformation of current gas-fired steam generators for peak shaving and, on the other hand, provide references for the subsequent development of high-temperature thermal-storage combined-cycle demonstration projects.