Production Of Units Research Articles

The Urban Geographies of Philippine Transnationalism

Overseas Filipinos have had an enduring impact in facilitating urban change in the Philippines. This article focuses on three sites—gated subdivisions, islands, and homes in peri-urban villages—that demonstrate the different ways Filipino transnationalism is entangled with urban transformations in the Philippines. The diaspora has an important role in the production of urban spaces, where houses, condominium units, and other structures are not just profit-driven investments, but are intimately linked to aspirations and dreams anchored in diasporic homelands.

Improving the efficiency of condensation installations of steam turbines by applying liquid-vapor ejector

This paper considers the possibility of using liquid-vapor ejectors in condensing units of steam turbines. This unit is designed for pumping out a steam-air mixture from a steam turbine condenser, in which the process occurs at a pressure lower than atmospheric. In the traditional scheme, this is provided by a two-stage steam-jet ejector unit. The proposed scheme involves the use of a single-stage liquid-vapor ejector and its possible pre-vacuum mode of operation in conjunction with a liquid-ring vacuum pump. A working process of the liquid-vapor ejector does not require the supply of working steam from the outside since its generation occurs in the active nozzle of the liquid-vapor ejector. A description of the traditional scheme and the proposed options is given, which are different both in the scheme solution and in the operating parameters. The object of this study is a liquid-vapor ejector, which is used in the condensing system of a steam turbine. Thermodynamic calculation of the proposed circuit solutions was carried out. As a result, the necessary mode parameters of the schemes were determined. To assess the feasibility of using a liquid-vapor ejector in the condensation systems of steam turbines, an exergy analysis was performed. The proposed scheme makes it possible to increase efficiency by 2.3 times, and when used with a liquid-ring vacuum pump – by 2.44 times. To assess the economic efficiency of the modernization of the condensing system, thermoeconomic analysis was performed. The use of the proposed scheme makes it possible to reduce the cost of generating boiler steam and reduce the cost of the resulting product of the steam turbine unit by about 51 %. The estimated cost of a unit of the amount of boiler steam consumed per ton of product and the unit cost of steam were established.

Quaternary subsidence history of Xisha Islands (northern South China Sea): Evidences from the reef-bank system

Subsidence is a potentially important factor influencing the evolution of carbonate platforms. Yet, few studies have been carried out on the quantitative reconstruction of subsidence history of carbonate platforms in the South China Sea. Using paleo-water depth constraints from core XK-1, drilled in the Xisha Islands, northern South China Sea, the tectonic and total subsidence history of Xisha Islands during the Quaternary is quantitatively reconstructed in this study. Slow tectonic subsidence between 1.945 and 0.988 Ma was related with magmatic intrusion beneath the Xisha Islands, while the relatively high tectonic subsidence rate between 0.988 and 0.781 Ma and the subsequent gradual decline in tectonic subsidence rate between 0.781 and 0.07 Ma were linked to the thermal cooling process. A rapid tectonic uplifting process after 0.07 Ma occurred as a result of compression and volcano eruption. Total subsidence rate showed an increase from the stage of 1.945–0.988 Ma to the stage of 0.988–0.781 Ma, and a gradual decline during the stage of 0.781–0.07 Ma. After 0.07 Ma, there was a rapid uplifting in response to the tectonic movement. The high eustatic sea level and intermediate total subsidence rate from 1.945 to 1.0 Ma caused the domination of bank deposits on the Xisha carbonate platform. From 0.988 to 0.65 Ma, the long-term eustatic sea-level lowering and the relatively high total subsidence rate favored the production of thick reef units. By contrast, the low eustatic sea level and the slow total subsidence between 0.65 and 0.42 Ma forced the accommodation space to be limited, resulting in formation of thin reef-bank deposits and occurrence of exposure horizons. During the stage of slow subsidence, the high eustatic sea level around 0.4 Ma allowed the last presence of thick reef unit in the Quaternary section, after which the lower eustatic sea level reduced the accommodation space again and only thin bioclastic bank deposits and iron-stained exposure horizon occurred. Around 0.07 Ma, the Xisha Islands were continuously exposed due to the uplifting and low eustatic sea level. The strong winter monsoon caused a heterozoan factory nearby the Xisha Islands, and blew the carbonate sediments onshore forming aeolianites. Our results proves that the total subsidence has indeed greatly influenced the evolution of Quaternary carbonate system in the Xisha area. The long-term (at scale of Myr) sea-level lowering could facilitate the flourishment of corals, and a moderate total subsidence in the context of secular sea-level lowering would provide more effective accommodation space for the continuous reef accretion, favoring the formation of thick reef units in the tropical areas.

Estimation of ischemic core in acute ischemic stroke with CT angiography and non-contrast CT: Attenuation changes in ASPECTS regions vs. automated ASPECTS scoring.

PurposeReperfusion therapies for acute ischemic stroke due to large-vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) are highly time-dependent, and large infarction is related to poor outcomes and risk of symptomatic hemorrhage. It is of significance to investigate and optimize the screening means and selection criteria for reperfusion therapies to identify more appropriate patients with better outcomes. This study aimed to compare the performance of attenuation changes vs. automated Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) and using CT angiography (CTA) source images vs. non-contrast CT (NCCT) in distinguishing the infarction extent of ischemic core volumes ≥ 70 ml within different time windows.MethodsA total of 73 patients with AIS-LVO who received multimodal CT were analyzed. The automated software was used to calculate ASPECTS. Attenuation change was defined as the sum of products of relative Hounsfield unit (rHU) values times weighting factors of all 10 ASPECTS regions. rHU value of each region was the HU of the ischemic side over that of the contralateral. The corresponding weighting factors were the regression coefficients derived from a multivariable linear regression model which was used to correlate regional rHU with ischemic core volumes, because each region in the ASPECTS template is weighted disproportionally in the ASPECTS system. Automated ASPECTS and attenuation changes were both calculated using CTA and NCCT, respectively.ResultsAttenuation changes were correlated with ischemic core volumes within different time windows (Rho ranging from 0.439 to 0.637). In classification of the ischemic core ≥ 70 ml, the performances of attenuation changes were comparable with ASPECTS (area under the curve [AUC] ranging from 0.799 to 0.891), with DeLong’s test (P = 0.079, P = 0.373); using CTA (AUC = 0.842) was not different from NCCT (AUC = 0.838).ConclusionAttenuation changes in ASPECTS regions were correlated with ischemic core volumes. In the classification of infarction volumes, attenuation changes had a high diagnostic ability comparable with automated ASPECTS. Measurement of attenuation changes is not involved in complicated scoring algorithms. This measurement can be used as an available, rapid, reliable, and accurate means to evaluate infarction extent within different time windows. The usefulness of infarction volumes measured by attenuation changes to identify more appropriate patients for reperfusion therapies can be validated in future clinical trials.

BICOMPLEX ANALYSIS OF INVARIENT POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS BASED ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

The article considers a bicomplex calculation for calculating the invariant power supply systems based on renewable energy sources. Modern energy supply systems based on renewable energy sources have non-linear systems with complex transients and possible critical and chaotic regimes. The study of structures of hypernumerical systems, their features, methods of calculation and approximation of the elementary functions of a hypercomplex variable allows to effectively apply such systems in mathematical modelling of invariant power supply systems based on renewable energy sources. In some cases, the use of hypernumerical systems makes it possible to replace the original problem with an equivalent one, that is to build a bicomplex solution model.
 The system of complex numbers was considered as the initial system. With recurrent doubling of the system, hypernumerical systems of different dimensions with different properties were obtained, which made it possible to assign different values to the products of imaginary units. It is proved that the introduction of additional conditions of commutativity and associativity, which apply to real numbers and imaginary units, allows to specify the choice of a hypernumerical system.
 In the analysis of nonstationary processes of invariant systems and the study of the possibilities of hypernumerical systems, the expediency of choosing a bicomplex calculation method in mathematical modelling of systems with multiple modulation is substantiated. The method of bicomplex representation involves direct and inverse bicomplex transformation, which allows obtaining an analytically complete solution for the analysis of an invariant power supply system based on renewable energy sources. Examples of the use of bicomplex integral transformation for the analysis of systems with multiple modulation are considered. The application of the hypercomplex calculus apparatus for the transformation of systems of differential equations is proposed to simplify or compress them into one equation. It is shown that the use of hypercomplex calculus allows to significantly reduce the amount of processed information without reducing the informativeness of the mathematical model.
 The proposed formulation of tasks in a hypercomplex view allowed to compress the processing information and obtain a compact vortex for the output signal.

Effect of the Volatility of the Crypto Currency and Its Effect on the Market Returns

In this study, cryptocurrency is a type of digital money that uses cryptography to protect transactions, limit the production of new units, and verify asset transfers. The focus of this research is to see how volatile Bitcoin exchange rates and returns. The standard deviation of logarithmic returns is calculated to gauge volatility. The finding of the results was based on the Shapiro-Wilk test that was employed to predict normality in this investigation. In addition, the box-whisker plot and statistical process control chart were used to find high volatility. Volatility is now regarded to be a high value. Eventually, Because of the current high level of volatility, investing in Bitcoin is seen as a high-risk endeavor. The purpose of this study is to assist investors in developing a strategy that maximizes returns while minimizing risk.

Comparison of Choi, RECIST and Somatostatin Receptor PET/CT Based Criteria for the Evaluation of Response and Response Prediction to PRRT.

Aim: The most suitable method for assessment of response to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is still under debate. In this study we aimed to compare size (RECIST 1.1), density (Choi), Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) and a newly defined ZP combined parameter derived from Somatostatin Receptor (SSR) PET/CT for prediction of both response to PRRT and overall survival (OS). Material and Methods: Thirty-four NET patients with progressive disease (F:M 23:11; mean age 61.2 y; SD ± 12) treated with PRRT using either Lu-177 DOTATOC or Lu-177 DOTATATE and imaged with Ga-68 SSR PET/CT approximately 10–12 weeks prior to and after each treatment cycle were retrospectively analyzed. Median duration of follow-up after the first cycle was 63.9 months (range 6.2–86.2). A total of 77 lesions (2–8 per patient) were analyzed. Response assessment was performed according to RECIST 1.1, Choi and modified EORTC (MORE) criteria. In addition, a new parameter named ZP, the product of Hounsfield unit (HU) and SUVmean (Standard Uptake Value) of a tumor lesion, was tested. Further, SUV values (max and mean) of the tumor were normalized to SUV of normal liver parenchyma. Tumor response was defined as CR, PR, or SD. Gold standard for comparison of baseline parameters for prediction of response of individual target lesions to PRRT was change in size of lesions according to RECIST 1.1. For prediction of overall survival, the response after the first and second PRRT were tested. Results: Based on RECIST 1.1, Choi, MORE, and ZP, 85.3%, 64.7%, 61.8%, and 70.6% achieved a response whereas 14.7%, 35.3%, 38.2%, and 29.4% demonstrated PD (progressive disease), respectively. Baseline ZP and ZPnormalized were found to be the only parameters predictive of lesion progression after three PRRT cycles (AUC ZP 0.753; 95% CI 0.6–0.9, p 0.037; AUC ZPnormalized 0.766; 95% CI 0.6–0.9; p 0.029). Based on a cut-off-value of 1201, ZP achieved a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 67%, while ZPnormalized reached a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 76% at a cut-off-value of 198. Median OS in the total cohort was not reached. In univariate analysis amongst all parameters, only patients having progressive disease according to MORE after the second cycle of PRRT were found to have significantly shorter overall survival (median OS in objective responders not reached, in PD 29.2 months; p 0.015). Patients progressive after two cycles of PRRT according to ZP had shorter OS compared to those responding (median OS for responders not reached, for PD 47.2 months, p 0.066). Conclusions: In this explorative study, we showed that Choi, RECIST 1.1, and SUVmax-based response evaluation varied significantly from each other. Only patients showing progressive disease after two PRRT cycles according to MORE criteria had a worse prognosis while baseline ZP and ZPnormalized performed best in predicting lesion progression after three cycles of PRRT.

Nitrofurantoin: Furious against bacteria?

In vitro evaluation of nitrofurantoin as an intracanal medicament against Enterococcus Faecalis. Materials and Methods: 150 single-rooted premolar teeth were chosen and instrumented using a Protaper gold rotary file system; the root canals of these teeth were inoculated for 21 days with an Enterococcus faecalis bacterial solution. The canals were inoculated with Nitrofurantoin, Calcium hydroxide, and MTAP after 21 days and left for 7 days. On the eighth day, the samples were examined to determine the degree of infection. The study's findings revealed that both Nitrofurantoin and MTAP were very successful, with no Colony Forming Units (CFU) production in their respective groups. The current investigation indicated that nitrofurantoin is effective in eradicating E. faecalis cells in pure culture as well as root canals.

Examining the Effects of Policy Design on Affordable Unit Production Under Inclusionary Zoning Policies

Problem, research strategy, and findings Evidence suggests that inclusionary zoning (IZ) correlates with affordable housing and mixed-income communities; however, what effect the policy design has on affordable housing productivity remains unclear. In this study we investigated the relationship between policy features and average annual affordable unit production under IZ by using the IZ data set, which includes adoption year, standardized characteristics, and outcomes in terms of affordable unit counts for 27 U.S. states and the District of Columbia. Although the data set does not fully capture affordable unit production for all IZ policies or those produced from in-lieu payments, this study is by far the largest scale empirical examination of IZ outcomes. Findings indicated that jurisdictions with policies that were mandatory, older, covered the entire jurisdiction, or had more complex income requirements designed to reach lower income levels had significantly higher production of affordable units. The top 15% of high-producing policies disproportionately consisted of policies that created affordable rental units, covered the entire jurisdiction, and had more complex income requirements. In addition, longer affordability terms were not associated with lower affordable unit productivity in our regression models. Takeaway for practice Our analysis identified common traits in IZ policies that produced at least one affordable unit as well as high-producing policies. These commonalities generally support enacting more stringent IZ policies with some flexibility in terms of the income levels served for greater affordable unit productivity. Limitations revealed in the data set suggested that local jurisdictions should better track affordable units to gain more information about what works. Considering that IZ policy design varies greatly, planners and policymakers must consider local housing market conditions relative to findings in this study as well as state and local regulatory environments when designing IZ policies.

Life cycle cost analysis of CO2 compression processes coupled with a cryogenic distillation unit for purifying high-CO2 natural gas

Novel compression processes coupled with a cryogenic distillation unit are designed in this study to purify high-CO2 natural gas or biogas before injection into the reservoir. Four different designs are evaluated to achieve the required injection pressure and minimize both the capital and operation costs. Depending on the pressure–temperature pathway for the compression of the top and bottom products of the distillation unit, the energy and equipment costs are quantified using process simulation models and economic analysis tools, which are integrated with the flow simulation model to determine the required injection pressure. This holistic approach of integrating the compression process and injection pipeline is efficient for optimizing the process design and operation variables. The results suggest that liquefying the top product followed by mixing with the bottom product is the most cost-effective method, as it eliminates costly compressors and simplifies the process configuration. In addition to the life cycle cost analysis of the process, the sudden release of CO2 from the vessel is also studied experimentally. The results show that releasing gaseous CO2 through the valve induces the formation of solid CO2 inside the vessel before complete removal of CO2 from the vessel, thus requiring a controlled release strategy to avoid solid CO2 formation inside the vessel and through the valve.

Production of Eco-Friendly Concrete Masonry Units Using Powder Waste Glass

This article investigates the use of powder waste glass (PWG) as partial replacement of cement for the production of Concrete Masonry Units (CMU) using a lab experimental program. Initially, an optimum level of partial replacement of cement with PWG was determined in the preliminary experimental tests on mortar mixtures incorporating PWG. Mixtures with 100% cement were also produced for comparison with the PWG modified mixtures. Test results of the main experimental program confirmed the viability of 15 wt.% replacement of cement with fine PWG having median particle size of 18 µm towards production of CMU with enhanced strength and durability attributes. The use of PWG as partial replacement cement benefitted the later-age strength and durability of the resulting cementitious mixture. At 56 and 90 days of ages, the PWG mixture-based CMU achieved about 12% higher strength than that of control CMU. Furthermore, eight-day cumulative water sorption of PWG-based CMU was recorded to be 43% less than that of normal CMU. Similarly, a 10% reduction in the dry density of the hardened CMU produced with PWG was recorded in comparison to that of control CMU produced with 100% cement. The inclusion of PWG as partial replacement of cement was observed to increase the initial and final setting times and slightly reduce the flow characteristic of the resulting cementitious mixtures. The use of PWG for the production of CMU blocks is viewed as an excellent practice for the production of strong, durable, light, economical and eco-friendly masonry construction.

АНАЛІЗ СТАНУ ТА ШЛЯХИ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ МОДЕРНІЗАЦІЇ ОЗБРОЄННЯ І ВІЙСЬКОВОЇ ТЕХНІКИ У ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛАХ УКРАЇНИ

Today, the basis of defense planning in Ukraine should be the principles of forming programs and plans for the development of its law enforcement agencies, based on the needs of ensuring the required level of defense capabilities of the country as a whole by finding the optimal balance between defense needs and economic capabilities. The degree of fulfillment of tasks on equipping the Armed Forces of Ukraine (the AFU) with the latest or modernized models of armaments and military equipment (AME) depends on the state of financing of defense needs. Analysis of the availability of basic models of weapons and military equipment in the AFU, as well as the pace of their renewal showed today the most problematic issues of national scale is the state of existing AFU, as well as the current pace of modernization. The number of weapons that need to be replaced, upgraded and repaired is constantly increasing, and their condition is approaching unsatisfactory every year. The development or purchase of new modern models of AME of domestic or foreign production, modernization of existing complexes and systems, individual models of weapons, testing, serial production and equipping of military units of the AFU is an urgent problem today. considered a state-wide problem. In the article the authors analyze the development of AME of the AFU over the years of independence and reveal the dynamics of the ratio of the number of available and required basic samples of AFU to determine the magnitude of their mismatch. Based on the results, the practical recommendations have been developed on the algorithm of modernization of AME of the AFU. Failure to comply with a certain annual percentage of modernization of AME will sooner or later have a negative impact on the country’s military security level. Keywords: combat capabilities, modernization of armaments and military equipment, financing of defense needs, military-economic factors, state of modernization, volumes of financial resources.

Tuning the natural gas dew point by Joule-Thomson and Mechanical Refrigeration processes: A comparative energy and exergy analysis

In this study, to adjust the dew point of natural gas, two methods of Joule-Thomson and mechanical refrigeration have been analyzed in terms of technical, energy and exergy. The basis of design was a natural gas feed with an intensity of 1743 kgmole/h. The initial dew point of the feed before processing was equal to 9.65 °C. Comparison of the results showed that the mechanical refrigeration method had much better performance and the energy efficiency in this system was 99.84%, while this value was 97.8% for the Joule-Thomson method. Furthermore, the intensity of gas condensate production, as one of the products of dew point adjustment unit, for mechanical refrigeration that uses propane refrigerant for natural gas refrigeration was estimated as 1842 barrels/day. This value exhibited an increase of 185% compared to Joule-Thomson method. The dew points of produced gas through Joule-Thomson and Mechanical refrigeration processes were −8.4 and −24.91 °C, respectively. It implies that the quality of hydrocarbons dew point in the produced gas was much lower for Joule-Thomson unit compared to mechanical refrigeration. However, in terms of exergy analysis, the mechanical refrigeration method had an efficiency of 88.69%, while the exergy destruction rate for this method was 15.78% less than the Joule-Thomson process.

Influence of chromatographic column selection on the determination of 23 preservatives

以化妆品中23种防腐剂检测方法为例,探讨色谱柱选择对液相色谱方法测定结果的影响。参照《化妆品安全技术规范》甲基异噻唑啉酮等23个组分的检验方法,在2台不同的高效液相色谱仪上用15款不同品牌、型号的C18色谱柱检测23种防腐剂,计算色谱峰的理论塔板数和分离度,对23种组分的分离效果进行分析,并应用USP (United States Pharmacopeia)数据库和PQRI (Product Quality Research Institute)数据库等2种等效色谱柱选择方法,对不同色谱柱的分离效果及等效性进行评价和预测。实验结果表明,15款色谱柱对23种防腐剂的分离效果差异显著,仅有2款色谱柱可以实现23种组分的完全分离。USP和PQRI数据库中2种等效色谱柱选择方法均无法预测出合适的等效色谱柱,对23种防腐剂的液相色谱分析参考价值均较小。色谱柱是影响23种防腐剂液相色谱法测定结果准确性的关键因素,有关实验室在应用该方法时,应考虑色谱柱选择性差异。化妆品基质复杂,如何在现有研究成果的基础上,开发色谱柱的筛选和预测评价体系,进而指导实际样品的分离是下一步研究的重点、难点。建议有关部门在制修订检测方法时,注重色谱柱的耐用性考察,完善系统适应性指标,细化色谱柱分类和增加描述信息,指导色谱柱的合理选择,从而规避由于色谱柱使用过程中选择依据缺失而导致测定结果不准确的风险。

Recycling of Mining Waste in the Production of Masonry Units

Masonry units made of clay or Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) are widely used in constructions from Romania and other countries. Masonry units with superior mechanical and thermal characteristics can improve the energy efficiency of buildings, especially when they are used as the main solutions for building envelope construction. Their production in recent years has increased vertiginously to meet the increased demand. Manufactured with diversified geometries, different mechanical and/or thermal characteristics have a high volume in the mass of the building and a major influence in their carbon footprint. Starting from the current context regarding the target imposed by the long-term strategy of built environment decarbonization, the aim of the paper is to analyze the potential of reusing mining waste in the production of masonry units. Mining waste represents the highest share of waste generated at national level and may represent a valuable resource for the construction industry, facilitating the creation of new jobs and support for economic development. This review presents the interest in integrating mining wastes in masonry unit production and the technical characteristics of the masonry units in which they have been used as raw materials in different percentages. Critical assessment framework using SWOT analysis highlights the key sustainability aspects (technical, environmental, social, economic) providing a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the advantages and disadvantages regarding the integration of mining waste as secondary raw materials into masonry units production.

A ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobe for signal amplification monitoring of intracellular telomerase activity.

Telomerase is considered a valuable diagnostic and prognostic cancer biomarker. Accurate and reliable detection of telomerase activity is of great value in clinical diagnosis, screening of inhibitors, and therapeutics. Here, we developed a novel amplified fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) nanoprobe for highly sensitive and reliable monitoring of intracellular telomerase activity. The nanoprobe (QDSA@DNA) was composed of a streptavidin-modified quantum dot (QDSA) which was functionalized with a telomerase primer sequence (TP) and Cy5-tagged signal switching sequence (SS) through biotin-streptavidin interaction. When the nanoprobe was assembled, the Cy5 was in close proximity to the QDSA, resulting in high FRET efficiency from the QDSA to Cy5. In the presence of telomerase, the TP could be extended to produce telomeric repeat units, which was complementary to the loop of SS. Thus, the SS could hybridize with elongated sequences to form a rigid double-stranded structure, which forced the Cy5 away from the surface of the QDSA, causing low FRET efficiency. Furthermore, due to the production of multiple repeat units by telomerase, multiple hairpin structures could be opened, yielding significant fluorescence ratio (FQDsa/FCy5) enhancement for sensing of telomerase activity. In this way, the combination of a FRET and target-assisted strategy in a nanoprobe improved the detection accuracy and amplified the detection signal, respectively. The QDSA@DNA nanoprobe also showed high selectivity, excellent nuclease stability, and good biocompatibility. More importantly, this nanoprobe was found to be an excellent platform for efficient monitoring of intracellular telomerase activity, providing a potential platform in tumor diagnosis and screening of telomerase-related inhibitors.

SINTAKSIČKA SVESNOST KOD DECE SA RAZVOJNIM JEZIČKIM POREMEĆAJEM: IMPLIKACIJE ZA ŠKOLSKU PRAKSU

Research on the comprehension and production of syntactic units in children with developmental language disorders indicates the presence of various deficits. Given the insufficient research on syntactic abilities in this group of children in the Serbian- speaking area, the aim of the research is to determine the characteristics of syntactic aware- ness in children with developmental language disorder and consider the implications that are significant for school practice. The sample consisted of 240 children aged five to seven and a half, divided into two groups, i.e. children with developmental language disorders and children with typical development. The syntactic awareness test was carried out using the CELF-4 battery of language assessment tests. The obtained results showed that children with a developmental language disorder show significantly more deficits in comprehension and expression of syntactic units com- pared to children with typical development. In addition to mandatory treatment of language disorders, children with developmental language disorders need additional encouragement in styding at a younger school age. Specific characteristics of teacher’s speech in the school environment have been identified as stimulating for the development of language abilities in this group of children. Emphasis is placed on the need for teachers to use strategies that support the development and use of syntactic abilities in this group of children. These strategies can be used in more or less structured ways, according to children’s level of de- velopment, abilities and needs.

Direct German investments in the Russian economy: regional cross-section

Economic relations between Russia and Germany are developing in the context of such global challenges as the aggravation of the international political situation, the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions, the economic recession against the background of the Covid-19 pandemic. The subject of this study is the regional peculiarities of the placement of German capital on the territory of Russia. The object of the study is 55 subjects of the Russian Federation, which are recipients of direct German investments. The authors focus on studying the dynamics, species and geographical structure of accumulated direct German investments in the context of individual subjects and federal districts. The article assesses the level of differentiation of direct German investments within individual federal districts, calculates sub-federal investment positions, identifies trends in investment cooperation between Russian and German enterprises carried out within the framework of special economic zones. It is established that the factors contributing to the placement of German capital in European Russia are the preferential localization of special economic zones in this part of the country, as well as the conclusion of special investment contracts on the basis of already functioning production facilities. According to the results of the study, the authors summarize that the current regional structure of German investments does not contribute to the achievement of such a task provided for by the Spatial Development Strategy of the Russian Federation as the reduction of interregional socio-economic imbalances. The scientific novelty of this study is to develop recommendations for expanding investment cooperation between Russia and Germany in the Far East, special attention is paid to the role of state institutions. The authors substantiate that the implementation of investment projects for the production of wind power units and assemblies, solar panels, as well as the construction of wind and solar power plants in the Far East should be considered as a promising area of cooperation between Russia and Germany.

Agrophysical Properties of the Soil Depending on the Surface Treatment with Various Tillage Units

An important direction in the greening of tillage is to preserve and improve the physical properties of soils in the optimal range of values, which is a necessary condition for the effective use of other agronomic measures that affect the formation of crop yields. With the advent of new, modern energy-efficient tillage tools, there is a need to conduct research on their effectiveness on the first stubble cultivation on the southern chernozem. The purpose of the research was to establish the influence of surface (stubble) cultivation with tillage tools of the “Lozovsky mashiny” brand after harvesting winter barley on the agrophysical properties of Southern heavy loamy low-humus chernozem in the conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine. In the research process, methods were used: field, laboratory, comparative-calculation, statistical. It was found that DUCAT-2,5 (short Harrow-Husker) best structured the soil among the studied aggregates. The lowest soil hardness values (0.48-1.33 MPA) and the tendency to form a plow sole were obtained in the version with vertical processing – Verti-till (turbo disk). The obtained scientific results of the research will contribute to the wider introduction into the production of new units of the “Lozivski mashini” brand for surface soil cultivation, which will contribute to the reduction of mechanical stress and the preservation of moisture in the soil

Modelling of Iron Ore Processing in Technological Units Based on the Hybrid Approach

Abstract The process line of concentrating iron ore materials is considered as a sequence of connected concentration units, some of which partially return ore materials to the previous unit. The output product of the final concentration unit in the process line is the end product of the whole line. Characteristics of ore, such as distribution of ore particles by size and distribution of iron content by size classes, are considered. Processing of iron ore materials by process units (a cycle, a scheme) is characterised by a separation characteristic – namely the function of extracting elementary fractions depending on physical properties of ore particles. The results of fraction analysis of ore samples in different points of the process line provide an experimental definition of separation characteristics and numerical values of the Rosin–Rammler equation factors. To identify dependencies that cannot be analytically described, the hybrid approach accompanied by the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy models, in accompaniment with triangular membership functions determining fuzzy sets in preconditions, are used. To identify fuzzy sets in rule preconditions, triangular membership functions are used. Introduction of a-priori data on iron ore concentration as constraints for model parameters is a promising trend of further research, since it enables increased accuracy of identification despite limited availability of experimental data.