United Bank Research Articles

The Influence of Organizational Culture on Increasing Employee Motivation in Sumut Bank of Sharia Unit, North Sumatera

This study wants to describe the influence of organizational culture on increasing employee motivation in Sumut Bank of sharia unit, North Sumatera. This research uses descriptive and verification methods. The place of research was conducted at Sumut Bank of Sharia Unit in North Sumatera. Considering the nature of this research is descriptive and verification, the research method used is descriptive survey and explanatory survey method. The type of investigation in this research is causality, which is testing the causal relationship between independent variables, intervening variables, moderating variables and dependent variables. The unit of analysis in this study is the employees at the North Sumatra Syariah Unit Bank in North Sumatra. The result shows that Organizational Culture on Increasing Employee Motivation in Sumut Bank of Sharia Unit, North Sumaterais perceived as less powerful to very strong. The highest average value on management indicators supports strengthening organizational culture, meaning that management always improves organizational culture as a support of the company's goals.

RISIKO KEUANGAN DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

Research aims to test financial risk and influence on the profitability of Sharia Bank in Indonesia. Financial risk indicators include CAR, NPF, BOPO, FDR and ROE. Profitability indicators of Sharia Banks in Indonesia are ROA. The research method uses a quantitative approach with multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Data used secondary data in the form of a monthly data From The Financial Report of Sharia Commercial Bank and Sharia Business Unit published by Sharia Banking Directorate, Bank Indonesia and the Bank Licensing and Banking Information Department, Indonesia Financial Services Authority from January 2006 to January 2018. Research results: (1)The result of the model estimate shows its R<sup>2</sup> value of 0,614 representing the value of coefficient of determination. This means that 61,40% of the variable variations of the ROA are capable of being described by independent variable in this model. The remaining 38,60% is explained by other reasons that do'nt fit into the model; (2)A regression model on the independent variable simultaneously affects the dependent variable, so that the independent variable regression model can be used to predict the dependent variable; and (3)CAR, NPF and FDR are significantly influence on ROA. BOPO and ROE influential on ROA. But, it's not significant.

Consumer Behavior in Crisis Situations. Research on the Effects of COVID-19 in Romania

The emergence of some critical incidents of economic, biological type-crises, armed conflicts, natural cataclysms can affect significantly the activity of the human society. The article aims at analyzing the behavior of the Romanian consumer in the context of COVID-19 emergence. The performed research has highlighted the particularities of the emergence of this sanitary crisis at the local economy level. Although the Romanian population’s infection degree has been more reduced as compared to the Western states, the strict prevention measures imposed by the authorities have determined a model of behavior of the consumer close to the one of other states affected by the infection with the new coronavirus, SARS-CoV2. The market studies performed by specialized companies have shown that imposing home isolation conditions, due to the emergency state, has significantly reduced the social activities of the Romanian consumer, the actions being oriented mainly towards covering the basic necessities. The health of the consumers (purchase of medicines or visit to the physician), procuring food or financial activities at the banking units are the main motivations for leaving the residence. By comparison, the sports activities or the visits for supporting family members have the lowest weight. A segment of consumers, advocate of traditional commerce, has been forced to appeal to modern trade methods based on online shopping, and the specialists’ estimations provide the maintenance of the trade behavior. Companies will have to focus on understanding the consumer’s needs and to adapt their product offer and distribution system so that to reduce the new consumption limits and to facilitate the sales act. The main orientation during the crisis towards the local products can represent an opportunity for the Romanian companies, but Government support measures are necessary for the Romanian producers. The research results are a novelty, being among the first studies conducted at national level on the complex impact of COVID-19 on the health of the population, the national economy and consumer behavior start.

Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Platelets, Red Blood Cells, and Monocyte-Like Cells Differ Regarding Their Ability to Induce Factor XII-Dependent Thrombin Generation.

As transmitters of biological information, extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for the maintenance of physiological homeostasis, but also contribute to pathological conditions, such as thrombotic disorders. The ability of EVs to support thrombin generation has been linked to their exposure of phosphatidylserine, an anionic phospholipid that is normally restricted to the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane but exposed on the outer leaflet during EV biogenesis. Here, we investigated whether EVs of different cellular origin and from different settings, namely platelets and red blood cells from blood bank units and a monocyte-like cell line (THP-1), differ regarding their potential to support factor XII-dependent thrombin generation. EVs were isolated from blood products or THP-1 cell culture supernatants using differential centrifugation and characterized by a combination of flow cytometry, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and Western blotting. Soluble factors co-enriched during the isolation of EVs were depleted from blood-cell derived EV fractions using size exclusion chromatography, while proteins bound to the surface of EVs were degraded by mild protease treatment. We found that platelet-derived and red blood cell-derived EVs supported factor XII-dependent thrombin generation to comparable extents, while monocytic EVs failed to support thrombin generation when added to EV-depleted human plasma. We excluded a major contribution of co-enriched soluble proteins or of proteins bound to the EV surface to the thrombogenicity of blood cell-derived EVs. Our data suggest that the enhanced potential of blood cell-derived EVs to support thrombin generation is rather due to enhanced exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surface of blood cell-derived EVs. Extending these investigations to EVs from other cell types, such as mesenchymal stromal cells, will be crucial for their future therapeutic applications.

The Effort to Increase Waste Reduction Through the Development of Waste Banks in South Surabaya

Waste bank is one of the government’s efforts in reducing inorganic waste going to landfills by involving the role of the community in sorting out waste. In 2016, Surabaya had 240 waste bank units. The effort to reduce waste through waste banks in Surabaya was still relatively small at 0.55 tonnes/day. Waste reduction through waste bank needed to be improved so as to reduce the load of garbage accumulation in the landfill site. Currently, South Surabaya has 60 waste banks, though only very few of those waste bank units are still operating. This research was conducted to determine the potential for waste reduction that could be done through the development of waste banks in South Surabaya. The STELLA 9.1.3 dynamic program was used to predict the potential waste reduction through the development of waste banks in the next 10 years.

The Impact of Employee Relationship Management on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention in Selected Deposit Money Banks in Ogun State, Nigeria

The focus of this study is to gain an insight about the impact of employee relationship management on job satisfaction and turnover intention of selected deposit money banks in Ogun State, Nigeria which will aid job satisfaction and reduce turnover intention. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The population of this study consists of employees of the four selected deposit money banks (United Bank of Africa, Zenith Bank Plc, Access Bank Plc and Guaranty Trust Bank) located in Ogun state, Nigeria which amounts to 1630 employees. Using Raosoft Calculator, the sample size was 406 and stratified sampling technique was employed. Both adapted and self-structured questionnaires were administered to the respondents. The questionnaire was developed by using a six point Likert scale. Regression analysis was used to analyse the hypothesis which was supported while the research instrument was validated and data gathered was analysed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analysis which was carried out with the aid of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 software to test the hypothesis. The findings revealed that there is a positive and significant effect between trust on job satisfaction ( β = 0.833, R= 0.634, R 2 = 0.402, F = 219.108, p<0.05) , also employee participation have a significant effect on turnover intention ( β = 0.947, R= 0.441, R 2 = 0.195, F = 78.102, p<0.05). This study concluded that Employee relationship management contribute towards job satisfaction and turnover intention of selected deposit money banks in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study therefore, recommends that management team of the selected deposit money banks should not ignore the relevance of employee trust on management and employee participation in decision making because they help in the development of an organisation.

A Case of Smoldering Multiple Myeloma with Simultaneous Increase of a Polyclonal Immunoglobulin

Anwarul Islam1* and Joanne Becker2 Author Affiliations 1Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA 2Associate Professor and Clinical Chief, Division of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical Director, Blood Bank and Therapeutic Apheresis Unit, Roswell Park Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA Received: April 08, 2020 | Published: April 23, 2020 Corresponding author: Anwarul Islam, Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Buffalo General Hospital, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2020.27.004468

Big Bank Theory: A Study of Amalgamation Plan of 10 Public Sector Banks into 4 Entities

The Indian government on 30th August 2019 unveiled a plan to merge 10 public sector banks (PSBs) into four, reducing the number of state-owned banks from 18 to 12, in a bid to create “next-generation” financial institutions with stronger balance sheets and bigger risk appetite. Having done two rounds of bank consolidation earlier, this is what Government wants to do for a robust banking system and a $5-trillion economy. Punjab National Bank will take over Oriental Bank of Commerce & United Bank of India to become the country’s largest lender after State Bank of India in terms of business. Canara Bank will subsume Syndicate Bank; Andhra Bank and Corporation Bank will merge with Union Bank of India; and Allahabad Bank will become part of Indian Bank. The key factors for the mergers were: Technological platform, customer reach, cultural similarities, and competitiveness. In 2017, India had 27 PSBs, but the National Democratic Alliance government implemented two rounds of mergers in its previous tenure. One was the merger of five associate banks and Bharatiya Mahila Bank with SBI (from April 2017); second, Dena Bank and Vijaya Bank merged with Bank of Baroda to create the country’s third-biggest lender, which came into effect from April 1 this year. The present paper is based on the study of Public Sector banks total business, deposits and Non-Performing Assets (NPA). The paper also studies the Government’s plan to amalgamate the 10 public sector banks into four large institutions as a part of its attempt to bolster the capital base of these lenders. The paper in the end, studies the impact of PSBs Merger and how customers are likely to be impacted.

Mergers of Banks in Economy – Indian Scenario

Banking area possesses a significant spot in each economy and is one of the quickest developing sectors in India. The challenge is very high and tough from the worldwide player’s i.e. International banks. On the counter part, both public and private banks are also facing strong competition among themselves to reach the targeted audience. But the worrying factor is Non performing assets are also increasing simultaneously with core business. The result is mergers in the banking sector in order to reduce the NPA. The most recent and largest merger in the history of banking industry took place on April 1, 2017 i.e., State bank of India and its associates banks. And, now the govt. of India announces India’s biggest and largest mega banks merger on august 30, 2019, i.e., merging of 10 public sector banks into 4 large banks. These banks are oriental bank of commerce and united bank of India merging with Punjab national bank; Syndicate bank with Canara bank; Andhra bank and corporation bank merging with Union bank of India; and Allahabad bank merging with Indian bank; This merger will bring nearly a half yearly of all outstanding loans in Indian’s banking sector. This big bank merger will be a good move from the central govt. to reach $5 trillion economy in next 5 years. This merger will help to give some boost to the Indian economy, which is suffering with high rate of NPA’S. In this research paper an attempt is made to know the impact of banks performance after merger will really give acceleration to the economic growth rate or not.

Social Performance of Rural Bank: Impact of Commercialization Factors

Although social performance is an important target in islamic rural bank, this performance is constrained by various factors of commercialization. This study examined the impact of commercialization factors covering profitability, regulation, and competition on the social performance of rural bank. This research was quantitative that based on a survey on fifty units of rural banks in West Sumatera province of Indonesia from 2016 to 2018. The secondary data collected from the publication of financial services authority and other financial documents at rural banks then analyzed with panel data regression. The findings of this research showed that profitability and competition influenced the social performance, meanwhile regulation could not predict the achievement of social performance. This finding reinforced the previous studies which identified the impact of some commercialization indicators towards the achievement of social performance but there was no regulation’s impact on social performance. The impact of regulation which was originally expected to be able to strengthen the social responsibility mission of rural banks evidently did not stimulate the increase of social performance.

STRUKTUR INDUSTRI PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the structure of Islamic banking industry in Indonesia after the issuance of Law No. 21 of 2008 on Islamic Banking, including the factors that influence the structure industro through concentration ratio. The method used in this study was a descriptive study (descriptive study) and correlational studies, collecting data through observation techniques to data released by the Financial Services Authority and Bank Indonesia. The data that has been collected analyzed using the ratio of the concentration of 4 largest companies and non-parametric statistical test through Pearson product moment correlation to determine the relationship between variables that affect the concentration ratio. Based on the results of the study showed that the structure of the Islamic banking industry in Indonesia after Act No 21 of 2008 is included in the criteria but with a tight oligopoly involving Islamic Business Unit (UUS) and sharia rural banks (BPRS) included in the competition category is p. The structure of the industry has had a negative relationship with the share market, absolute capital and government policies, and have a positive relationship with the economies of scale and market growth.

ANALISIS TAWHIDI STRING RELATION (TSR) TERHADAP FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENYALURAN PEMBIAYAAN PERBANKAN SYARIAH INDONESIA 2009-2019

This study uses the Sharia Commercial Bank and Sharia Business Unit as a whole as the object of research from the period 2009-2019 (quarterly). The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. To find out the relation process used Tawhidi String Relation (TSR) analysis based on unity, correlation and evolution. Based on the research, the results show that Third Party Funds (TPF) have a positive and significant effect on the distribution of Islamic Banking financing. Non Performing Financing (NPF) has a positive and not significant effect on the distribution of bank financing. While Bank Indonesia Sharia Certificates (BISC) have a negative and significant effect on the distribution of bank financing. Based on the TSR analysis, it was concluded that BISC had a negative effect on all variables used in this study, both: DF, TPF and NPF. Therefore, this research can be a criticism for the Islamic banking industry in channeling financing in the form of BISC.

An Analysis of Financing Scheme Effect on Non-Performing Financing Asset at Islamic Banks In Indonesia

This research aims to identify the impact of financing contracts on the risks confronted by Islamic banks measured by Non-Performing Financing (NPF). The data indicate that the value of NPF tends to annually increase along with a value close to the maximum limit set by Bank Indonesia (BI). The data of this study utilized secondary data in the form of monthly time series data in the period of January 2014 to December 2017 and cross-section data from the two types of Islamic Banking (Bank Usaha Syariah and Unit Usaha Syariah). The result indicates that the financing scheme which is based on the empirical scheme of profit-sharing schemes is proven to increase financing risk.

The Financial Statement Analysis of Commercial Banks in Bahrain: A case study of Ahli United Bank

Financial sector of kingdom of Bahrain intensely supports the growth of the economy. It contributed 27% of Bahrain GDP in 2018.The wellbeing of an economy can be examined by financial performance of the bank. Financial performance is the result of its policies and operations in monetary terms. The aim of the study is to examine the financial performance of the banks in Kingdom of Bahrain- A Case study approach. For the evaluation of the performance of bank, secondary data was collected from the annual audited report of the bank for the period of 2011 to 2017. It focuses on two important indicators the profitability and liquidity. As the shareholders are in need to maximize their return on investment and the depositors need to get back their savings according to their needs focuses on liquidity. To measure the profitability, return on asset and return on equity is the variable and loan to deposit and loan to asset to evaluate the liquidity. For this ratio analysis is being used to measure as it is evident from the previous studies. The study used percentage analysis, descriptive statistics and correlation the result of the analysis portrayed that return on asset and return on equity are positively correlated and negatively correlated with loan to asset.

Analisis Pengaruh CAR dan FDR terhadap Equivalent Rate Deposito serta Dampaknya terhadap Total Aset pada Industri Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia Periode Januari 2013 – April 2018 dengan Path Analysis

This study aims to determine the influence of CAR and FDR on Deposit Equivalent Rate which then re-analyzed its impact on Total Asset at Sharia Commercial Bank and Sharia Business Unit in Indonesia. This study used Path Analysis with quantitative approach. Statistical tool used in this research is SPSS Version 23. The data used in this research are secondary data which fully downloaded from official site of Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK). The result of Regression Model 1 reveal CAR and FDR simultaneously have significant influence to Deposit Equivalent Rate, evidenced by significance value below alpha of 0,05. While the other result (Regression Model 2) show that CAR, FDR, and Deposit Equivalent Rate simultaneously have significant affect to Total Asset, which is also evidenced by significance value below alpha of 0,05.Keywords: : CAR, FDR, Equivalent Rate, Total Asset, Sharia Banks

VARIABEL EKONOMI MONETER YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DAN FINANCIAL INCLUSION BANK SYARIAH DI INDONESIA PERIODE 2010-2017

This study aims to determine the effect of exchange rate and money supply on economic growth and financial inclusion in Bank Syariah Period 2010-2017. The sample used is saturated samples, ie all parts of Sharia Bank, including Sharia Commercial Bank and Sharia Business Unit which in the last year of 2017 amounted to 13 Sharia Commercial Banks and 21 Sharia Business Units, furthermore this research uses time series data analysis by analyzing data from year to year. The research approach used is quantitative approach using analysis technique PLS (Partial Least Square) with four latent variables namely exchange rate and money supply as exogenous variable, economic growth as endogen intervention variable, and financial inclusion as endogen variable. The results of this study indicate: the exchange rate has a significant negative effect on economic growth, the money supply has a significant positive effect on economic growth, economic growth has a significant positive effect on financial inclusion of Sharia Bank.Keywords: exchange rate, money supply, economic growth, and financial inclusion

Factors affecting the adoption of mobile banking: The case of United Bank Addis Ababa city customers

Tele Communication Technology now a day has an important impact on a day to day activity of human being in all over the world. One of the bequests drawn from Tele communication technology is Mobile Banking system. The aim of this study was to examine factors that affecting the adoption of mobile banking in Ethiopian Banking industry. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis. Results are presented using tables, figures, graphs and charts to show the extent of influence of identified factors on the adoption of mobile banking. The data analysis includes a correlation matrix to test the direction and strength of the study variables against m-banking adoption and regression analysis to examine the extent to which they bring to adoption of m-banking. The major finding of the study reveals, Technological and Organizational factors from the institutional perspective and customers' experience and voluntariness of use from customers' perspective had strong and positive relation with adoption of m-banking. However, gender and age from the customers view and Environmental factor from the institutions view had a negative relationship with mobile banking adoption. The study indicated that Technology and customer's voluntariness of use had an impact on the adoption of m-banking in greater extent. Therefore, the result recommended that to enhance the m-banking adoption to the required level, United Bank and other banks should invest and deploy on new and "state of the art" technologies with the required human capital and develop a clear strategy to work exhaustively towards the belief of customers to use m-banking system.

Change Management and Firm Performance of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria

This study examined the influence of change management on firm performance of deposit money banks in Owerri, Imo State. Descriptive survey design and the questionnaire were used in data collection. The total population comprised of 124 staff of Fidelity Bank, Access Bank, Eco-Bank and United Bank for Africa Plc. Out of 124 copies of the questionnaire administered to the participants, 116 were responded and used for the analysis, while, the remaining 6 were not returned and utilized. The research hypothesis was tested and analyzed using simple regression method to generate the result. The null hypothesis was rejected at 5 % level of significance. The study found that change management variable (leadership change) exerts a significant positive influence on firm performance (competitiveness) of banks in Owerri, Nigeria. The study recommends the followings; organizational leaders are advised to train their members in form of; coaching, counselling of other psychological support to encourage members to enforce change in the workplace. Again, managers are encouraged to communicate to all stakeholders effectively during corporate restructuring or redesigning of business process to enable them to see the necessity of change.

Effect of Mobile Banking on Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Maiduguri Borno State {A Case of United Bank of Africa (Uba) PLC, Maiduguri Main Branch}

Effect of Mobile Banking on Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Maiduguri Borno State {A Case of United Bank of Africa (Uba) PLC, Maiduguri Main Branch}

Volatility Modelling of Global Financial Crises Effects on the Nigerian Banks

The most appropriate heteroskedastic models for predicting volatility of daily stocks prices of 10 major Nigerian banks are proposed. The banks are Access, United Bank for Africa (UBA), Guaranty Trust, Skye, Diamond, Fidelity, Sterling, Union, ETI and Zenith banks; and these are examined from 2004 to 2014. The models employed are Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (ARCH(1)), Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GARCH(1, 1)), Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (EGARCH(1, 1)) and Glosten, Jagananthan and Runkle-Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic (GJR-GARCH(1, 1)). The results show that all the bank returns are highly leptokurtic, significantly skewed and thus non-normal across the four periods except for Fidelity bank during financial crises; findings similar to those of other global markets. Also noticed is the strong evidence for the presence of heteroscedasticity, and that volatility persistence during crisis is higher than before the crisis across the 10 banks, with that of UBA taking the lead, about 11 times higher during the crisis. The same with persistence levels in volatility, which were relatively higher during financial crises across the ten banks compared to before the crises. Findings further indicate that Asymmetric GARCH models outperformed the symmetric GARCH models, especially during the financial crises and post the crises. Thus with these findings, one could generally conclude that Nigerian banks’ returns are volatility persistent during and after the crises, and are characterized by leverage effects of negative and positive shocks during these periods.