Unique Dialect Research Articles

The Distinct Linguistic Reality of the Jews in Late Antique Palestine and Babylonia as Reflected in the Lexicosyntax of ‮אפשר‬‎ ʾpšr

Abstract Aramaic influence on Hebrew among Jews in the Land of Israel is well established, especially from the Persian period (from the sixth century BCE) until it completely replaced Hebrew as the natively spoken vernacular sometime before the Arab conquest (seventh century CE). Scholars have paid little attention to the Jews of that period as a distinct speech community, the uniqueness of their dialect or dialects of Aramaic, and the possibility that their ancestral language, Hebrew, had influenced their unique dialects of Aramaic. The present article aims to illuminate these understudied questions by analyzing the syntax of the lexeme ‮אפשר‬‎ ʾpšr, unique to Rabbinic Hebrew and the Jewish dialects of Qumran, Targumic, and Talmudic Aramaic from Palestine and Babylonia. This lexeme, and its shared syntax among those languages and dialects, points to an early use of language to maintain ethnic and religious distinctness among Jews in antiquity.

PENETRATION OF BORROWED HYBRIDS INTO THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

Nowadays the history of linguistics is characterized by an intensive period of replenishment of the Kazakh language with foreign terms. The introduction of considerable amount of international words of foreign background and their quick combination in the Kazakh language is explained by fast changes of public and academic life. Many borrowed words were introduced to Kazakh language by different ways and the reason for these were connected with scientific, economic, political and cultural ties. The examples of hybrid words in Kazakh language and their origin within the unique dialects are given in this article. The structure for creating hybrid words using English and Kazakh languages and their functional characteristics are presented in this article. Hybrid words are considered to be borrowed words. Loan words are words which came from other dialects and they refer to the process of speakers adopting words from a source language into their native language. The penetration of hybrid terminology into Kazakh language and the development of Anglo-Kazakh bilingualism is a result of this very «internationalism» of the English language. This leads to the creation of a new language situation, the study of which is very relevant nowadays. Keywords: hybrid, language, loan words, lexicology, neologism, foreign words, word-building, terminology.

Bedouin teachers in non-bedouin Arab schools: alienation and attempts to adjust and fit in

The aim of this study was to examine relationships between Bedouin Arab teachers and non-Bedouin Arab teachers from rural villages who work together in schools in northern Israel. These relationships were examined from the perspective of the Bedouin teachers. This qualitative research was conducted through in-depth interviews, as a means for identifying challenges faced by Bedouin teachers when attempting to become an integral part of the school staff. The interviews were conducted with 31 Bedouin teachers (28 women and three men) from Arab schools where the Bedouins are a minority, and who speak a distinct Arabic dialect that distinguishes them from the majority. The findings indicate that the Bedouin teachers are often offended and embittered by the condescending attitudes of the other Arab teachers towards them, as the Bedouins are clearly expected to conduct themselves and their work in line with the rules and codes of the majority. While the Bedouins, as with any typical minority group, resent this attitude, they make great efforts to adapt themselves to fit into the rural hegemonial space. In their strive to be accepted and become an integral part of the school, the Bedouin teachers often make a conscious effort to replace their unique dialect with that of the rural (Fellah) Arabic that is spoken in the school’s village – in an effort to be accepted by the staff, students, and parents.

Linguistic and cultural analysis of the written monuments of the Old Kipchak language of the Mamluk-Golden Horde period

Relevance. The study of the linguocultural foundations of the Kipchak language lays the foundation for the formation of historical, cultural, phonetic and lexico-grammatical components, which create a mechanism for the development of Turkic studies as a whole. The process of loss of clarity and sharpness of cultural contrasts and their dissipation must be adapted to save the potential of subtle differences in Kipchak speech present in the social reality of the Turks. Purpose. The purpose of the study is to analyse the features of the functioning of Turkic linguistic and cultural trends, taking into account the peculiarities of the use of Kipchak language units. Methodology. To achieve the research goals, the following methods were used: structural, content analysis, comparative. Results. The results of the work determined that the Kipchak words form the basis for the study of linguocultural and lexical components that form the cultural, phonetic and grammatical structures of the development of Turkic studies in general. Content analysis made it possible to identify various language units that describe the picture of the world of the Turks and are unique dialects of the cultural context. It was determined that the study of the phonetic and lexical and grammatical properties of the Kipchak language contributes to the active promotion of linguocultural elements that permeate the traditions, customs, and culture of the Turks. Conclusions. Consideration of the relevant phrases, expressions, and language units made it possible to see a wide linguocultural spectrum of the functioning of the Kipchak language within the framework of historical events, life, and professions of that time. The practical significance lies in the use of the results of the study by scientists, as well as specialists in the field of cultural studies, linguoculturology, linguistics and Turkology. Keywords: Kipchak language; culture; identity; dialects; linguistic picture of the world

The Element Selection and Analysis of Visual Transformation of Wenzhou Dialect

Wenzhou dialect, as a unique dialect, is not only known by the people all over China, but also plays a positive role in promoting the spread of Chinese culture and Wenzhou culture as Wenzhou merchant spread all over the country and even around the world. At the same time, like dialects in many areas of the country, Wenzhou dialect is also facing the possibility of shrinking the range of dissemination and audience, and shrinking or even disappearing of dialect user groups. In recent years, China’s language resources protection project is actively promoting the construction. While vigorously promoting the national standard language, it can also scientifically protect Chinese dialects and minority language resources, and promote the development and utilization of language resources. Dialect protection and dialect inheritance, as the most important resources, naturally belong to the core part, but the research on the visual transformation of dialects has rarely been involved. This paper tries to explore the selection and analysis of design elements in the visual transformation of Wenzhou dialect pronunciation.

Приоритетные направления и перспективы развития языковой политики в странах ЕС

Linguistic diversity is deeply rooted in Europe's cultural heritage, making the development of language policy a complex and multifaceted issue. However, it is crucial to balance practical considerations with broader issues related to cultural equality in the EU community. Based on official EU policy evidence, some potential priority areas and realistic perspectives include supporting multilingualism by investing in education programmes and translation services, promoting greater recognition of regional or minority languages through structures such as the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages, balancing practicality with political factors when developing policies that require sensitive approaches that recognise identity. values. Language policy-making becomes a complex balancing act. On the one hand, there are practical considerations - logistics, costs, benefits - all pragmatic variables that require attention. But on the other side are more subtle but no less important issues: questions of cultural equality and preservation within the EU community. It is not only about facilitating communication, but also about mutual understanding between representatives of different cultures while preserving each unique dialect. Based on official EU policy, there are several potential priority areas that need to be explored and invested in. One such area is the support of multilingualism through the expansion of educational programmes and translation services in EU member states. This is not only about the major languages, but also about regional and minority languages - echoes of Europe's past that still resound in its present.

Tibet Dialects as Defined by Factors

Tibetan dialects are an essential part of the cultural heritage of the Tibetan people, reflecting local distinct identities and historical development. However, these unique dialects are facing threats of extinction due to various political, cultural, and historical factors. This paper explores the significance of endangered Tibetan dialects and presents arguments on the severity of Tibetan language preservation. Drawing from existing research and scholarly work, this paper aims to shed light on the confusing status of Tibetan dialects: whether or not they require immediate attention and severity in Linguists’ recognition.

Лингвистические особенности живого разговорного языка жителей Бардымского района Пермского края (некоторые фонетические и грамматические отличия от литературного языка)

Introduction. Northwestern Bashkir is a vernacular language spoken by Bashkirs inhabiting the northwestern parts of Bashkortostan and — the southern parts of Perm Krai in the valleys of the Tulva and the Barda (latter’s left tributary). As for Perm Bashkirs, they form communities in Bardymsky, Permsky, Osinsky, Kuyedinsky, Chernushinsky and a number of other districts. The rural inhabitants still speak the Gaina dialect (a dialect of the Bashkir clan Gaina, Bash. ғəynə) of northwestern Bashkir. Goals. The article examines some ethnolinguistic features of the living colloquial language spoken by inhabitants of Bardymsky District (Perm Krai, Russia). The study of the Gaina dialect is of historical significance, and the latter cannot be considered fully articulated to date. The former has been subject to repeated scientific discussions and is still a most controversial scientific issue that is of utmost interest to researchers. There is no unequivocal opinion in scientific discourse as to ethnic characteristics of the language spoken by the inhabitants of the delineated area. Materials and methods. Our insight into the material from the perspective of cross-cultural communication in the era of growing interest towards other cultures may prove instrumental in learning the originality of equal dialogic interaction between representatives of different linguocultures, which makes it possible to cognize a different cultural reality in comparison with one’s own. The work employs the analytical and structural-typological methods, techniques of linguistic observation, expeditionary collection and systematization. Results. The shaping of a peculiar and unique dialect of Gaina Bashkirs was facilitated by that the latter had been geographically somewhat separated from the bulk of their fellow tribesmen. The Gaina dialect spoken in Bardymsky District is rich in phonetic and grammatical features characteristic of northwestern Bashkir, including related dialects (and subdialects). At the same time, the paper’s insight into the available material reveals some certain features inherent to the region only.

지역 정체성을 통해 바라본 초등 음악교과서 분석

Objectives From a regional perspective, Jeju-related songs and Characteristics of Jeju folk songs included in elementary music textbooks, Understand the distribution and notation of Jejueo, culture and festivals. Based on cultural identity, we seek the direction and tasks of textbook revision in terms of the transmission, preservation, and development of Jeju culture.
 Methods Analysis of 34 music textbooks revised in 2015 for a total of 4 grades from 3rd to 6th grade of elementary school, All contents related to Jeju being described were extracted, Jeju-related songs with musical scores, and all songs related to Jeju described regardless of musical scores were checked. By extracting all contents related to Jeju including Jeju language. It was analyzed by concentrating on deriving the current status and problems.
 Results Except for one textbook, Jeju-related contents are relatively faithfully recorded, there are many work songs, mainly musical characteristics are not defined, and they are described as folk songs with a strong local color composed of Jeju-do's unique dialect, and various Jeju words are used. It can be seen that there are differences in the interpretation and notation of Jejueo in each textbook and Jeju Chilmeoridang Yeongdeung-gut and Jeju Haenyeo culture.
 Conclusions Differences must be acknowledged, education must be conducted from the perspective of diversity, Thinking of the educational meaning of various Jeju cultures that were positive in preservation, not negative historical isolation, In the future, it is necessary to clearly describe Jejueo, Jeju folk songs, and Jeju myths in the compilation of music textbooks.

Text-Independent Automatic Dialect Recognition of Marathi Language using Spectro-Temporal Characteristics of Voice

Text-independent dialect recognition system is proposed in this paper for Marathi language. India is rich in language varieties. Each language in turn has its unique dialect variations. Maharashtra has Marathi as official language and for Goa it is a co-official language . In literature there are very few studies available for Indian language recognition and then their respective dialect recognition. So research work available for regional languages such as Marathi is extremely limited. As a part of research work, an attempt is made to generate a case study of a low resourced Marathi language dialect recognition system. The study was carried out using Marathi speech data corpus provided by Linguistic Data Consortium for Indian Language (LDC- IL). This corpus includes four major dialects of Marathi speakers. The efficiency and performance evaluation of the explored spectral (rhythmic) and temporal features are carried out to perform classification tasks. We investigated the performance of six different classifiers; K-nearest neighbor (KNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT) classifier , Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) classifier and Ridge Classifier (RC). Experimental results have demonstrated that the RC classifier worked well with 84.24% of accuracy for fifteen spectral and temporal features. With twelve MFCCs it has been observed that SGD has outperformed among all classifiers with accuracy of 80.63%. For further study, a prominent feature subset as a part of dimensionality reduction has been identified using chi square, mutual information and ANOVA-f test. In this chi-square based feature extraction method has proven to be the best over over mutual information and ANOVA f-test.

Земледельческие песни Арцаха

The present work is dedicated to the Artsakh horovels; it aims to cover the peculiarities of the musical linguistic thinking of that region. Agricultural songs are one of the oldest layers of Armenian folk music. Our study is based on the notes of Komitas Vardapet, Robert Atayan and Matevos Muradyan, where Varanda region (present-day Martuni region) dominates. Back in the dawn of Christianity, Artsakh was one of the most important centers of the Armenian world, with its very unique dialect, ancient folklore and traditional composition. Probably this is the reason why Komitas Vardapet wrote the Artsakh horovels with special attention (10 out of 20 recorded horovels are from Artsakh). As a result of our comparative analytical work, we have come to the conclusion that almost all the horovels in that region have melodic-grammatical original formulaic expressions, the vast majority of them develop in the Tertiary-based Phrygian scale system. The expedition conducted by R. Atayan in Artsakh in 1957, during which a horovel was recrded, is getting published for the first time in the present article: (The decipherment is ours).

THE PHENOMENON OF WRITTEN DIALECT TEXTS (NAIVE POETRY OF NORTHERN PODLACHIA)

The article examines the issue of works of naive literature as written monuments of the dialect language. Based on the materials of the ethnolinguistic-dialectological expedition of 2005, nine poems of two authors from the vicinity of Bielsk Podlaski – Olha Onatsyk (born in 1921, Yagushtovo village) and Volodymyr Sosna (born in 1937, Pashkivshchyna village) – were introduced into scientific circulation and analyzed in linguistic and thematic terms. From a psychological point of view, the desire to write poetry arose among numerous naive poets of Northern Podlachia mainly because of the desire to fill a kind of lacuna associated with the functional limitation of the native language. In the case of such poets, usually retired peasants, the value of their works for humanitarian studies is determined not only by the representation of the peasant picture of the world, but also (or primarily) by the language itself. The archaic dialects used by them deserve the special attention as one of the most important parts of ethnoculture. The themes and stylistic means of the presented works confirm the researchers' conclusion that such poetry "stands between literature and folklore". The works of both amateur poets are presented according to manuscripts and parallel audio recording (author's reading) – this approach allows to avoid subjectivism when evaluating dialectal phenomena, primarily phonetic ones. Particular attention is paid to the unique dialect features in the manuscripts. The principles of publishing works of Podlachian naive literature written in Latin graphics are proposed: accurate transmission of manuscripts, parallel transliteration in Cyrillic, commenting on unclear lexemes (narrow-local dialectisms, borrowings). The importance of preserving the ethno-cultural heritage of the Ukrainians of Northern Podlachia is emphasized. Systematic research, the publication of ethnolinguistic descriptions, dialect texts and dictionaries will allow us to create a reliable picture of the current state of the dialects of the Buh and Narva interfluve, the last area where Ukrainians live compactly on the territory of Poland.

Verb constructions in West and East Flemish dialects

The article deals with verb construction in West and East Flemish dialects in the 1960s and 1970s. The research was based on the unique dialect collection of the Ghent University Stemmen uit het Verleden (“Voices from the Past”). The main objective of the paper is to find verb constructions that are specific only for the Flemish dialects and to describe them. Based on a number of criteria, 21 recordings were examined. The article gives a detailed analysis of the use of such verb constructions as weten te + inf. (‘to know where something is located’) and durven te + inf. (‘to dare to do something’), gaan + inf. (‘going to’) and the infinitive constructions om/voor/van te + inf. In some cases, the results of the research correspond to the standard of Belgian Dutch, in other cases the constructions appear to be used in a specific way. We conclude that both weten + inf. and durven + inf. are used in the texts without the particle te. Auxiliary verb gaan can never occur as the only verb and is always doubled or even tripled. Besides, voor te + inf. turned out to be the most commonly used construction to express the aim of an action, although om te + inf. also frequently occurs in the function. Van te + inf., however, is used in other functions and never expresses purpose.

Seaming the Dialect of Space

Each discipline in the built environment has a unique dialect for thinking, designing, crafting, and inhabiting space. Words such as tectonics, materiality, and vernacular all hold a specific interpretation in architecture. Even common words have understated complexity, but only when offered under an architectural lens, words such as gesture, negotiate, and scale. Interiors also have their own language, words such as adjacency, identity, surface, and atmosphere. Language from interior design shares most origins with architecture, but arguably, as a discipline, interiors exist at a point of intersection between disciplines. To be classified as an interior, a space needs a boundary, a container, or an expression of an outside; however, the language of interiors does not need to be so contained. Interior design foundationally is interdisciplinary and exists as a point of entry into other disciplines. While interiors and architecture share a dialogue, for architecture to understand interiors means also to use interiors to connect with other disciplines, such as fashion. Interiors offer a means for architecture to speak to fashion and, even more so, to converse with the body. However, existing interior language based primarily on architecture does not acknowledge close ties to other disciplines. Instead of using interiors to translate, imagine what opportunities could unfold if design disciplines were bilingual, understanding their own language but also that of interiors. The paper proposes a method to encourage interdisciplinary dialogue when discussing Design, perhaps even changing how architecture and fashion see each other through a renewed interior dialect. Borrowing words from fashion, like seaming, fit, tailoring, and mending, interior space becomes more fluid, boundaries blur, and ideas are more curious. Making and understanding space starts with remaking the language of interiors.

Արցախյան հոռովելներ

The paper examines the peasant songs – horovels of Artsakh; it aims to cover the peculiarities of the musical linguistic language of the region. Work songs are one of the oldest layers of Armenian folk music. Our study is based on the notes made by Komitas Vardapet, Robert Atayan and Matevos Muradyan, in which horovels of the historical Varanda (present-day Martuni) region predominate. Back in the dawn of Christianity, Artsakh was one of the most important spiritual centers of the Armenian world with its folklore, unique dialect and song-making tradition. Presumably, this was the reason why Komitas Vardapet took a keen interest in music folklore of Artsakh (10 out of 20 peasant songs, recorded by him, are Artsakh horovels). As a result of comparative analysis of the musical material, we have identified several typological principles of structure and evolution of the musical language of horovels of the region under review (presence of metro-rhythmic, intonational and melodic patterns, prevalence of Phrygian scale with a tertiary secondary support). This, in turn, attests to the existence of traditional modular thinking in the peasant songs of Artsakh. “Horovel”, recorded by R. Atayan during his first expedition to Karabakh in 1957, when historical Artsakh was part of the Azerbaijani SSR, is published in the article for the first time.

AZƏRBAYCAN DÖVLƏT DİLİNİN FORMALAŞMASINDA TARİXİ FAKTORLAR VƏ MÜASİR AZƏRBAYCAN DİLİ

Historical factors in the formation of the state language of Azerbaijan and the modern Azerbaijani language Each of them plays an important role in the formation of language. Thus, the development and emergence of a language, its vocabulary, harmony and so on. due to many internal and external factors. Thus, the role of historical, cultural, socio-political events in the enrichment of the language is undeniable. Although the Azerbaijani language belongs to the Turkic Oghuz group, it has enriched the vocabulary by taking different words from these languages, as it has socio-historical and political-cultural relations with the Persian, Arabic, Russian and European peoples at the stage of historical development. Elece also gained a unique dialect among the Turkic peoples. Key words: Azerbaijan, language, development, history, factor, modern

KARABAĞIN AĞDAM İLÇESİ VE DOĞU ANADOLUNUN ERZİNCAN İLİ AĞIZLARINDA ORTAK İSİM ÖZELLİKLERİ

In this investigation work it is researched with the dialects of Eastern Anatolian Erzinjan area and the dialects of Agdam region of Karabakh. It is known that both dialects have the most wanderful? Floving accents that all understand during the investigation. Erzincan region shows a feature that connects Eastern Anatolian dialects to Eastern Anatolia with many passages and straits. Starting with the Erzurum plateaus, Erzincan province, which stretches in the direction of Sivas and hangs in the direction of Malatya, has the character of a transition zone with its dialectological position. It is possible to see the dialectological transition in a concrete way in Erzincan, which opens to Erzurum in the east and Sivas in the west, where the cultural approach is as easy as transportation. Migrations, earthquakes, climate and geographical conditions affected the language culture of Erzincan and led to the emergence of a unique dialect. Names have many common features in the dialects of both regions that I mentioned above. In this study, some common features of names in both region dialects were referred to be examined. Erzincan dialect of the language and terms of style of Azerbaijan's Agdam region of the Republic of Turkey is very close to the dialect. Here the nouns have been investigated with the dialects of Eastern Anatolian Erzinjan area and the dialects of Agdam region of Karabakh and the all features of houns with exemples in both areas dialects have been investigated/ In this theme it was also applied to the researched of Turkish and Azerbaijan`s scientists/ The houns used in both countries dialects are investigated for their structure and feature and lexical and grammatical caracteristics and scientific wults have been received.

Song variation in the Caatinga suboscine Silvery-cheeked Antshrike (Sakesphorus cristatus) suggests latitude and São Francisco River as drivers of geographic variation

Historical processes may result in patterns of differentiation among extant populations, which may lead to diversification and speciation. This is often expressed, and measured, as genetic and behavioral variation among populations. Suboscine birds acquire songs by innate mechanisms and are typically poorly studied relative to oscine birds, which may learn songs and thus develop unique dialects among populations. Behavioral features, including song, are extensively used to describe the structure and geographical variation in bird populations. In turn, this knowledge may shed light onto patterns of species diversification across ecoregions, which is particularly relevant in endemic species. Here we investigate for the first time song structure and variation in the Silvery-cheeked Antshrike, an endemic bird of a poorly studied South American dry forest, the Caatinga. We evaluate hypotheses for song diversification, correlating vocal acoustic parameters with geographic patterns and environmental variables. We measured temporal and spectral variables in the song of Sakesphorus cristatus across 14 localities spanning almost the entire range of the species’ distribution. The song presents a clear geographic pattern, and vocal variation was congruent with a barrier by the Sao Francisco River superimposed to a latitudinal clinal variation that was uncorrelated to climate variables. We argue that these regional differences may have a genetic basis since S. cristatus is a suboscine antbird that should not show song learning (social adaptation) and, apparently, does not have the song correlated to habitat features (acoustic adaptation). More detailed studies are required to test further hypotheses about the drivers of this potential genetic variation underlying the geographical variation in this suboscine bird song.

Intercultural Dialectic in Communication among Local Transmigrant Employees in Manggarai-Indonesia

This research mainly focused on describing the intercultural dialectic in the interaction among local transmigrant employees in manggarai-NTT. The employees have multicultural background since they come from different regions in indonesia. A descriptive qualitative research design was used to understand the pattern of interaction among mother tongue of each employees, indonesian language, and other local languages that emerge the variation of language in their daily communication. In order to shed light on this issue, the factors that influence the use of the language variations were also significant to be considered. The research findings indicated that dialect maintenance, dialect adaptation, the occurrence of other languages, and the emergence of a unique dialect evolved. These patterns occurred due to some factors such as speech situation and topic, keeping the intimacy among the employers, language pride and as a marketing strategy.
 
 Keywords: intercultural dialectic, language variation, local transmigrant employee.

АРТИКУЛЯТОРНЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИЙ ЗВУКОВ ТИПА /И/ В ЯЗЫКЕ ЮЖНЫХ АЛТАЙЦЕВ (ПО ДАННЫМ МРТ)

The paper considers some articulatory features of allophones of the vowel /i/ in the Altai-Kizhi dialect (spoken in the locality Ust-Kan, Altai) of the Altai language visualized by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The Altai-Kizhi is the central basic dialect of the Altai literary language. In Altai, each rural locality represents a unique dialect, whose relevance of studying was emphasized by V. V. Radlov. Speech sounds of the /i/-type in the dialects of the Altai language are realized mainly as front variants with different degrees of openness. In the written Altai speech, the symbol “и” is used to denote narrow front non-labialized vowel; some variants of the Altai vowel /i/ are central-back differing in this from the Russian vowel /i/. Experimental data on the territorial dialects of the Altai-Kizhi dialect, obtained from its 6 native speakers (d1-d6) taking into account variable inherent palate height, shows both the common articulation bases of native speakers (clearly-expressed frontness) and their differences (variable openness).