Unique Buildings Research Articles

Development of new tool joint for modular systems made of cellular polycarbonate

The paper discusses the use of solid and structural polycarbonate modular systems in energy efficient facades and roofs of unique modern buildings. Inferior to nearly all translucent materials by light transmission, cellular polycarbonate sheets offer a combination of important consumer properties, such as impact resistance, light weight, flexibility and chemical stability. At the current stage of construction development featuring cellular polycarbonate modules, the assembly (installation) fails to meet the constructability and work safety requirements. To address these drawbacks of cellular polycarbonate structural modules, a new butt joint is suggested consisting of two separate C and T shaped profiles, where one joint profile is placed inside the other one’s cavity after their fastening to a cellular polycarbonate sheet. To build a variety of most complex curved enclosures, the coupling parts can be rounded similar to existing ready-to-use cellular polycarbonate sheets with U-joints. The paper outlines the installation of cellular polycarbonate modules with the new joint profiles. To improve the constructability of vertical translucent enclosures, modular systems can be enlarged on special benches and installed using vacuum lifting beams. The reliability and safety of the new structures is ensured by extensive profile resting upon metal or other load bearing supports.

Modeling of stage of construction and operation of unique large-span structures

The results of the study of long-span unique buildings and structures using spatial structures performed on full-scale models of structures subjected to prolonged static and dynamic effects are presented. According to the results of theoretical and experimental studies, the behavior of spatial systems of various geometric shapes under dynamic impacts of high intensity is revealed. The purpose of the maximum load level for seismic impacts of various intensities, the maintenance of spatial stiffeners, the inclusion of which contributes to the way out of the resonant state of the spatial system, is proposed.

On studying the R&D support and the bridge structure monitoring

This article discusses the scientific and technhical support of the engineering survey and design of unique buildings and structures at the time of construction. The R&D support aims at developing and implementing some new research approaches to collecting most accurate and reliable data that would both the prediction of the reliable future of the structure to be built and also save on construction costs. As an example, the authors offer a highways bridge at the town of Kamensk-Shakhtinsk on the M-4 "Don" federal highway. Bending moments at the design stage were determined by simulation using the SPIKA software, which enables, in a short time, to obtain the factual data on the structure, thus avoiding some outdated methods of inspecting building objects, thus facilitating the operations and shortening the time of diagnostics.

The Effects of Seasonal Thermal Loads at Expansion Joints Locations in Arabic Area Buildings

Concrete buildings are subjected to fluctuation in seasonal temperature loads between summer and winter in the Arabic area. The long-term effects on buildings of such temperatures, along with the frequent fluctuation in the seasonal temperatures impose overall structural deformation, displacements, and alteration of stresses in concrete elements. The thermally induced deformations affect the serviceability conditions of buildings with time. Concrete creep and shrinkage will increase the cracks widths and the imposed stresses too. To eliminate this phenomenon effects, expansion joints should be provided. However, as per the buildings functions and trend to develop unique buildings by designers, joint-less buildings are usually the preferred option. When using this option, the structural engineer has to consider the effects of thermal loads changes in the design. Clear rules and standards must be provided to define the maximum joints spacing’s allowed length in addition to thermal study procedures. Different approaches are provided by researchers, each methodology provide different value for required joints spacing considering different aspects in design. In this paper I shall try to present three methods with comparison study for considered aspects and gaps for each method analysis to propose the most appropriate methodology as a tool helps engineers in calculating the maximum allowed spacing between expansion joints.

On the Protection of Unique Modern Architecture in China

<p>Nowadays in China, the action of “Shantytown Renovation” or “Dilapidated-house Transforming” is being undergone. In the process of it, some unique modern buildings are facing a damaged situation. How to deal with the relation between protection and innovation is worth considering. Thus, this paper, from the connotation of architecture and protection, discusses the present feasible approach of protecting those unique modern buildings, based on the meanings and features of the architecture. Meanwhile, the paper attempts to provide a certain reference for our country’s planning of “Shantytown Renovation” or “Dilapidated-house Transforming”.</p>

Audial comfort optimalization of The Lanraki Biringkanaya Makassar Church room

Church is one of the unique worship buildings which is full of audial activities such as speech, songs, and music. The purpose of this research is to evaluate and give redesign suggestions so that the audial comfort in the church room can be achieved. Quantitative research method by analyzing data with the statistically-descriptive. Reverberation time was calculated by the Sabine formula, redesign using Autodesk Ecotect Analysis 2011 program, and the questionnaire processed by IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program. The results conclude that the sound pressure level distribution has been spread evenly, while the background noise and the reverberation time in the church room still exceed the standard. But overall, the user has felt comfort with the condition of the audial church room. So, we made change of materials and furniture that may affect the value of reverberation time and background noise in a room. We hope this research can be a reference to design the next church or similar buildings.

Study of the Scale and the Reasons of Student Dropout from Technical University

The article addresses the problem of student dropout from technical university due to their academic failure. The modern technical universities face a decline in youth’s interest to technical and natural sciences and engineering specialties. In enrolling new students on these specialties the universities have to set lower standards and requirements for the admission. So, the students are less motivated, and the number of expelled students increases.The article presents the results of data analysis for the two leading areas of training at Moscow Automobile and Road State Technical University (MADI) – “Construction of unique buildings and structures” and “Land transport and technological means” carried out respectively at the Road-Building faculty (DSF) and the faculty of Automobile transport (ATF). The article adduces the total number of students in MADI, as well as the number of the enrolled students on the specified training directions, and the number of expelled students of all courses for the period from 1935 to 2018. The results in physics exams showed by undergraduate students were compared with the Unified State Exam scores in physics. There is a clear parallel between the Unified State Exam scores, an entrance testing and “residual knowledge” tests.The authors have also analyzed the results of an anonymous questioning among the same groups of students, which make it possible to understand their point of view on the problems of learning difficulties. The main reasons for student attrition are both the low scores of the applicants’ results of the Unified State Exam, and insufficient actions and ineffective strategies undertaken by the university to involve undergraduate students in its educational environment.

Numerical Analysis of the Creep and Shrinkage Experienced in the Sydney Opera House and the Rise of Digital Twin as Future Monitoring Technology

This paper presents a preliminary finite element model in Strand7 software to analyse creep and shrinkage effects on the prestressed concrete ribs of the Sydney Opera House as remarkable heritage. A linear static analysis was performed to investigate the instantaneous impacts of dead and wind loads on the complex concrete structure which was completed in 1973. A quasistatic analysis was performed to predict the effects of creep and shrinkage due to dead load on the structure in 2050 to discern its longevity. In 2050, the Sydney Opera House is expected to experience 0.090% element strain due to creep and shrinkage and therefore suffer prestress losses of 32.59 kN per strand. However, given that the current time after prestress loading is approximately 50 years, the majority of creep and shrinkage effects have already taken place with 0.088% strain and 32.12 kN of prestress losses. The analysis concludes that very minor structural impacts are expected over the next 30 years due to creep and shrinkage, suggesting a change in conservation focus from large structural concerns to inspection and maintenance of minor issues of surface cracking and water ingress. The analysis is the first step in the application of more complex finite element modelling of the structure with the integration of complex building information models. The main motivation to undertake the current numerical simulation is to determine a cost-effective solution when it comes to the long-term time-dependent analysis. The paper also will suggest future directions for monitoring unique historical buildings, including ‘digital twin’.

THE STUDY OF THE HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>One of the indicators that reflects the city's development is the rapid growth of high-rise buildings. The high price and limited available land coupled with the growth and increasingly diverse of human needs become the trigger. This is affected by advances in technology, various available materials as well as sufficient economics factor, making high-rise buildings as one of the development options in major cities around the world. Several factors such as, technology, modernity, and economics dominate the image high-rise buildings. Is it possible to construct the unique high-rise buildings in order to be different from each other? The paper is an initial step in examining the unique concepts that can be applied on high-rise buildings as the products of technology and modernity. The study was conducted through the review of literature in terms of time development in order to seek the unique aspects to be applied on high-rise buildings. </span></p><p><span>Keywords: high-rise building, uniqueness, technology, modernity, locality</span></p></div></div></div>

River and Riverside Areas-in the Context of Shaping the Urban Space - Case Study

Nowadays, the need of “return to the river” is universally recognized. The human need for contact with elements of the natural environment is particularly emphasized, in connection with our increasingly processed environment. In a number of publications in the field of architecture and urban planning, the role of these natural areas in shaping coherent, sustainable urban structures is also underlined. The aim of the article is to indicate the potential use of the corridor formed by the river and the areas constituting its neighbourhood for shaping the urban space: in a functional, compositional and ecological sense. As an example, the Vistula River in Cracow was chosen. The research covered areas that are close to the river within the city’s administrative boundaries. The Vistula Valley in Kraków creates a special space in which natural and cultural values intermingle. Over the centuries, both the spatial structure of the city and the layout of the water network ¬ resulting from its natural transformations and the use of its elements for economic or defense purposes - have changed. The special cultural value of the Vistula river valley in Krakow is represented by the medieval urban layouts of the Old Town, Kazimierz, and Podgórze, as well as unique historical complexes and buildings. The historic buildings accompanying the river have significant compositional significance, being dominants or observational closures, building and deciding on the unique beauty of this Krakow salon. From the point of view of environmental values in the analyzed area, focus is drawn to the western and eastern zone of the Vistula valley. In the eastern part of the Vistula valley, particular attention should be paid to the occurrence of geothermal water deposits located in the region of Przylasek Rusiecki and Wyciąża in the vicinity of the Vistula river corridor. The analyzed area, due to its natural and cultural value, should play an important role in shaping the spatial structure of Krakow. As a linear area, it can become an important and attractive public space. Due to the extent of the area on which the research was carried out and the complexity of the research problems, some of the issues are only sketched in the article, signaling the values and significance of the studied area, and generally indicating the principles and possibilities of using these values to shape and improve the quality of urban space.

Who Owns Our Future? How to Find a Home?

While the contours of the next few decades were partly clear 50 or 100 years ago, it is a daring attempt to predict the future nowadays. The marketability and influence of the rapidly evolving innovations of technology are often uncertain, our vision of the future may seem to be dim as well. We do not only desire to satisfy our basic human needs regarding our living space, but our intentions to live comfortably and our attraction towards everyday experiences have also become a fundamental part of our life. We frequently replace our objects with newer and newer ones, even with smart devices that make our work and free time much simpler. The direction in developing these smart equipment is rather obvious, the goal is to solve everything right now or possibly in the future by means of the same object. It is a sensible question to ask how these improvements will affect our everyday life in the future, and it is also a rational possibility that we will not carry a mobile phone in our pocket, and our home will function perfectly without a desktop computer. How will this development manifest and influence our habitat? Numerous eye-catching houses are built on a daily basis. Contemporary architects experiment with designing extraordinary forms and spatial connections, as well as they use surprising materials. In some cases the architecture of the present is rationalized merely in interesting proportions and exaggerated spaces. In order to build these individually unique buildings, solvent clients are needed and a spacious estate, which is not really natural. On the other hand, it is also visible that architecture has reached a turning point according to which a nice form is not enough in itself. The aesthetics have to match the possibilities (advantages, disadvantages) and technological innovations of the era, thus we have to discover beauty, excitement and system again. The challenge of the cities today and in the future is to solve the problems of affordable housing. Our current apartments are compact and reflect creative ideas in most of the cases. The topic of small living spaces has to be examined from two perspectives, on the one hand, the number of newcomers to a certain area, and on the other hand, the increased price per square meter. The optimized, and by that also minimized living spaces make us consider not only the fundamental human needs, but we also have to take the aforementioned altered lifestyle into account. It is a fact that a few square meters should be enough to have an affordable solution. A flat has to be simple and easy to use, and it also has to be the reflection of individual needs and demands, in order to form our spaces by ourselves for a reasonable price. The article represents a possible apartment concept for the future and its effects on the environment with its urban context.

Urban re-use practices in contemporary cities: experiences in Europe

The long-lived, culturally relevant, and unique buildings of Europe's urban landscapes embody the values of the circular economy (CE) and sustainability. They are central to urban identities, generation after generation. Furthermore, adaptive reuse of cultural heritage buildings (ARCH) contributes to slowing down the extraction of natural resources, reducing energy for new buildings, and reducing construction and demolition waste and greenhouse gas emissions. ARCH's inherent characteristics distinctly express the 2019 European Green Deal's CE objectives and the 2020 building Renovation Wave Strategy. In this context, European city managers, heritage conservationists, and other stakeholders need a systematic method to characterize the investment opportunity for ARCH, considering CE. To fill this methodological gap, this study introduces a new composite indicator called the Circular City Adaptive Reuse of Cultural Heritage Index.

Efficiency of design offers on realization of ecological reconstruction in construction

In view of new construction market and National Project requirements, there is a growing demand in the construction environmental specialists in this field. The article analyses the results of scientific and practical developments in ecological restoration which are being implemented to a degree in the municipal economy and construction. This field of activity has been poorly researched in the studies yet, but it has been already used in construction of unique buildings and constructions, and ecological construction projects. The author has compared the assessment criteria of investment projects for standard (S) and energy-efficient houses (E). The life cycle analysis results provide for assessing the energy-efficient house and confirm that the rising cost at the construction stage is repaid for multiple times at the operation stage. The research has shown that the 2% investment rise for construction of the energy-efficient house would increase the return on investment by 10 times during the building life cycle. Such return is achieved due to energy cost saving. It can be noted that to construct an energy-efficient house as an option of ecological restoration design proposal implementation, various technologies which can both increase and reduce construction cost are used. The increased energy efficiency has a powerful economic and environmental effect and is of interest not only for the enterprises and creditors, but also for the public as to the positive results of the energy efficient project implementation, the increased economic and environmental safety of the country are the additional advantages of the energy efficient building construction that increase the attractiveness of such projects for the bank investment lending.

Nacimiento y actualidad del patrimonio industrial en Francia

<p>El objetivo de este artículo es exponer las condiciones y el proceso que permitieron el reconocimiento y la puesta en valor de la arquitectura industrial en Francia. Es a partir de las crisis económicas que atraviesa el país en los años 1970 y 1980 que se plantea la cuestión de la reutilización de los vastos enclaves industriales en situación de obsolescencia. La acción de catedráticos de universidad, arquitectos y asociaciones para la defensa del patrimonio será el motor de una puesta en discusión de la práctica de la tabula rasa. Si al principio las operaciones de reutilización del patrimonio industrial conciernen sólo edificios monumentales excepcionales, la reutilización de los enclaves viene progresivamente integrada en las políticas nacionales de recalificación de territorios en crisis y de desarrollo sostenible. Este patrimonio actualmente es reconocido, como las arquitecturas monumentales más antiguas, y constituye un motor del desarrollo de los circuitos turísticos en Francia.</p>

Numerical simulation of loads and impacts, stress-strain state, strength and stability of unique structures, buildings and facilities. Experience of StaDyO research & engineering centre

The paper contains analytical overview of the most important unique/critical objects and the computational analysis problems of the mechanical safety, carried out by the team of Research & Development Centre StaDyO (StaDyO R&D Centre) researchers for the last two years (2016-2018). Corresponding complex coupled problems of continuum mechanics were solved with the use of contemporary methods and models of numerical modeling (nonlinear models, coupled problems, substructures, submodeling, etc.), implemented in verified software complexes. Some of these results are briefly considered and analyzed. Conclusions about the main directions of further research and development are presented as well.

Mathematical and Computer Modelling as the Basis of Structural Health Monitoring

As it is known only instrumental monitoring system, based on results of mathematical and computer (numerical) modeling (for instance, based on finite element analysis) and comparison with corresponding measured data allows high-performance control of actual state and the prediction of building safe operation. Moreover, instrumental monitoring of unique buildings without corresponding correct and adequate so-called “monitoring-oriented” models has random nonsensical nature and therefore it is not of practical interest. This paper is devoted to theoretical methodology foundations of structural health monitoring (SHM). In order to review various corresponding approaches, development, modification and verification of parameterized finite building element models, so, significant stage of life cycle (the stages of construction and operation), original algorithm of adaptation (calibration) in accordance with measurements results, methodology of natural frequencies measurements and modal shapes and structural evaluation algorithm are under consideration for each approach. The main criterion for this adaptation is the correspondence of computed and measured spectrum of the natural frequencies and mode shapes in the entire frequency range, significant for the system-wide changes assessment and for possible defects localization.

Analysis of Mechanical Safety of Stadiums for the World Cup 2018

It is obvious that contemporary design and construction of unique buildings and structures is unthinkable without mathematical (numerical) and computer modelling and advanced analysis ofload-bearing structures under various kinds ofloads and impacts. One of the most ambitious and important construction projects is the uniquelarge-span structures. These are, in particular, stadiums, sports palaces and water parks, shopping malls, pedestrian, road and railway bridges of various design solutions. The distinctive paper is devoted to theoretical foundations and results of mathematical (numerical) modeling of the state (in terms of the analysis of stress-strain state, strength and stability) of football stadiums built for the 2018 FIFA World Cup in Russia. Finite element method is used for approximation and high-precision numerical solution of corresponding boundary problems of structural mechanics. It is the most universal and powerful numerical method of mechanics. The paper, in particular, describes some features of development of finite element models and the main results of the analysis of the mechanical (structural) safety of three- dimensionallarge-span systems "soil foundation - reinforced concrete structures of foundations and stands - steel structures of the coating and facades" of these football stadiums with the basic and specialload combinations. In addition, the key procedures of scientific support during the corresponding expertise and assessments are outlined. Generally, socially significant and knowledge-intensive problem of providing mechanical (constructive) safety of unique combined objects of construction (three-dimensional systems "foundation - reinforced concrete structures of foundations and stands - steel structures of coating and facades") has been solved at a new level as a result of the performed complex of research works.

The Use of Spatial Voids in the Formation of High-Rise Buildings Architecture

One of the prior directions in the high-rise buildings formation was the use of spatial voids in their architectural solution. This article discusses the world experience in the design and construction of high-rise buildings, the formation of which is based on techniques connected with the use of spatial voids. On the design experience analysis basis is revealed through the classification of unique high-rise buildings architecture formation existing methods on the basis of application of spatial voids in their figurative decisions. The five main shape-forming schemes of high-rise buildings based on the use of spatial voids in their structure: gallery, bridge, arch, closed, combined (hybrid) are defined. The basic principles of high-rise buildings architecture formation with application of spatial apertures in their volume solutions are determined. The work's practical significance in the possible application of the obtained study results, both in project practice and for the further theoretical research is specified.

Development of the Architecture of High-Rise Unique Buildings with Renewable Energy Sources

The article deals with the use of renewable energy sources in construction in general and in high-rise unique buildings. Such approach will allow to design and construct buildings in which integrated renewable energy sources can be perfectly applied to all aspects of construction. The historical development of architecture and ecology as a single phenomenon is considered. This is particularly relevant to high-rise buildings. With the implementation of energy-efficient technologies, the main drawback - high-energy consumption - will be cut off. The article raises the question of the need to merge these two concepts. Examples of buildings with applied renewable energy sources, both constructed and projected, are considered. Non-traditional energy sources such as wind, solar, land, water and biomass are analyzed. The relevance of their application in construction and influence on all aspects of the project is proved: town-planning, functional, space planning, architectural and artistic, constructive and engineering.

Methods of selection of the outdoor air design temperature and enthalpy in the warm period of the year

The RF requirements “Technical safety regulations of buildings and structures”, with regard to the room microclimate, provide maintenance of the air temperature and relative humidity at the levels, which are comfortable for people living and accommodation therein. An important technological and economic role in designing of the systems of maintenance of the required thermal microclimate shall be attributed to the design parameters of the outdoor environment, as they affect the installation capacity of the systems aimed at maintaining the specified environmental conditions, the size of these systems and the area allowed to them in the building. The article proposes an approach to selection of the outdoor air design temperature and enthalpy of the warm period of the year, based on the year-to-year cumulated availability coefficient. Currently, the design values of each parameter are selected on the basis of a certain number of hours in an average multi-year time section, during which higher values of this parameter may be observed. This causes in some years a longer unavailability of the microclimate internal parameters and, importantly, deviations of actual values of these parameters from the calculated ones, leading to a prolonged discomfort of people who are present in the premises. To justify the proposed approach to the selection of the outdoor environment design parameters, provision has been made of processing the data of urgent meteorological observations got at the meteorological stations of Moscow and Hanoi over a period of 30 years. It has been shown, that in some years the duration of the temperature unavailability, instead of 200 hours per year, reaches up to 830h in Moscow and 418 hours in Hanoi, and instead of 400 h - 1130h in Moscow and up to 692 hours in Hanoi. The outdoor air enthalpy unavailability duration makes even more. The got results allowed to recommend for selection of the outdoor air design parameters in the warm period of the year the same approach, which is adopted in the Russian Federation for the winter period: the cumulated availability coefficients from year to year of 0.98 for unique and critical buildings and 0.92 for all other residential and public buildings.