Union Participation Research Articles

Employee Participation in Indonesia and Co- determination Concept under German Law

This paper aims to provide comparative analysis on Indonesian regulation on employee participation in contrast with Germany’s regulation on co-determination. This paper used normative method with a combination of statute approach and comparative approach. The implementation of labor union and employee stock participation under Indonesian law to guarantee employee participation in the decision making of companies is still ineffective. The concept of direct employee participation under German law should be seen as a feasible means to guarantee employee participation, thus improve Indonesia’s corporate governance. This concept can be implemented in Indonesia through two ways: the amendment of the Company Law or another implementing regulations that provides a more specific guidance to complement the Company Law.

The effect of ethnic diversity on the participation in social groups: Evidence from trade unions

This paper advances the hypothesis that individuals in more ethnically fragmented societies, participate less in social groups. More precisely, the empirical analysis places the spotlight on trade unions and investigates whether ethnic diversity affects the decision of workers to participate in them. The analysis takes place along two layers: (a) country-level and (b) individual-level. First, building on a set of innovative instruments derived from the parasite-stress theory of values and sociality, our country-level analysis seeks to exploit exogenous sources of variation in ethnic diversity and establish a convincing causal relationship between ethnic diversity and trade union density across countries. In turn, we employ individual-level data from the European Social Survey (ESS) and investigate whether immigrants who cοme from more ethnically fragmented societies participate less in trade unions in their European countries of residence. Consistent with the prediction of the theory, both layers of the empirical analysis provide robust evidence of a negative, sizeable and highly significant effect of ethnic diversity on the participation in trade unions.

The Decline of U.S. Labor Unions: Import Competition and NLRB Elections

Why has private sector union participation fallen away so much in the United States since the late 1950s? Featuring an improved dataset on National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) representation elections, I present evidence that import penetration accounts for approximately 40 percent of the decline in union formation for U.S. manufacturing. This estimate translates to 4.6 percent of the decline in private sector union density. The effect is driven by trade with low-income countries and, to some extent, other high-income countries. China is not a factor early on, but their strong import growth since 2000 can account for about 12 percentage points of the total decline.

Psychological Safety at Local Union Meetings: A Key to Unlock Meeting Attendance

We take a psychological view of local union meetings in reference to the problem of chronic low meeting attendance. This view suggests that local meetings are designed to encourage employees to experience safe environments in which they can strive to fulfill psychological needs, examples of which include a need to voice concerns and opinions, a need to participate in decision-making, and a need to be counted as a valued contributor to “our collective effort.” As such, we constructed a model to predict likely meeting attendance informed by literatures on team effectiveness, meeting design, and union participation. Extracting relationships from the cited literature relevant to local meetings, we positioned psychological safety experienced at meetings as a predictor of likely attendance in the next 12 months, with meeting effectiveness as rated by attending employees positioned as a mediator of the relationship. A test of the mediated model based on data collected from employees in 20 unions and 42 locals (N = 132) suggested support for the model, in which the effect of psychological safety on likely attendance was shown to unfold through meeting effectiveness. Future models of local attendance are discussed and an intervention aimed at solving the attendance problem is suggested.

Bulgaria and possible Euro Introduction

The Present manuscript is presenting the economic history of Bulgaria as a candidate country to join the Eurozone. The difficulties have been overcome under the bond to Deutsche Mark scheme back in 1997. European Union participation in 2007, fiscal health and ERM II participation since 2020 have enchased country’s plans to be a part of Euro in 2024 despite any current members disbelief, divided public opinion and global tension.

M.I. Kozyr's Agrarian Law Ideas are Confirmed

The works and activities of M.I. Kozyr, Doctor of Law, Professor, remain in the history of agrarian, land, and environmental law. Mikhail Kozyr's initiative, energy, organizational abilities were manifested in creative scientific and practical searches, numerous articles, textbooks, comments on laws, making legislative proposals, trips with scientific landings to republics, territories and regions of the USSR, on foreign business trips, participation in Italian and European agrarian unions. He appreciated, developed, promoted and taught collective farm – agricultural – agrarian law; developed new approaches to the legal provision of food security in Russia, clarifying the subject and methods, improving the quality of acts of agrarian law, implementing the norms of civil, administrative, land legislation in the legal institutions of agrarian law. M.I. Kozyr sought the restoration of agrarian law as a teaching discipline in law higher educational institutions. Currently, the ideas of M.I. Kozyr are recognized in the Russian legal, agrarian community: agriculture is included in paragraph "d" of Article 72 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation on the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and it's subjects ; agriculture is included in the nomenclature of scientific specialties for the defense of dissertations; the multi-vector nature and importance of studying legal issues of agriculture, justification of ways to improve efficiency of legal regulation of economic activity in the agricultural sector of the economy. The professor's followers and students continue to provide scientific and legal support for the development of agriculture in Russia.

PROTECTION BY THE TRADE UNION OF MEDICAL WORKERS AT THE STAGES OF PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION AND JUDICIAL REVIEW

An analysis of legislation affecting the possibility of trade union participation in the protection of the rights of medical workers who have been prosecuted for iatrogenic crimes has been carried out. Statistics of complaints against medical workers are given, where the Udmurt Republic was among the five leaders, which determines an increased interest in the protection of medical workers. The procedural procedure for the protection of medical personnel is not determined taking into account the peculiarities of the procedural procedure. A similar situation is observed for subjects involved in the protection of a medical worker. The article draws attention in detail to the peculiarities of the union's protection of medical workers at the stages of pre-investigation, preliminary investigation and consideration of the case in the court of first instance. A conclusion is drawn on the need to develop and consolidate institutional and legal mechanisms and develop appropriate procedures. Examples of the participation of the professional union in the protection of the rights of medical workers are given on the example of two high-profile criminal cases for the Udmurt Republic. It is proposed to supplement article 76 of the Federal Law "On the Basics of Health Protection of Citizens of the Russian Federation" dated 21.11.2011 No. 323-FZ (ed. 02.07.2021). The materials of this article are both practical and more theoretical in nature, based on its doctrinal nature and the results of its research will help to build a system of protection for medical workers at the stages of pre-investigation, preliminary investigation and consideration of the case in court.

Macroeconomic Policy Changes and Its Impact on Trade Unions, an Empirical Study on OECD Countries for the Period 2001-2020

This study examines the macroeconomic variables affecting trade union rate membership in OECD nations from 2001 to 2020. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has 38 of the most industrialized countries globally, which counts more than 80% of the global GDP; analyzing the macroeconomic movements of these countries means that we most likely know the variance of the global macroeconomic changes. We target the effect of employability, expenditure on education, unemployment, inflation, FDI, economic growth, wages, and salaries on trade union participation of employers. To conduct this research, we used data from World Bank, ILO, and OECD for 38 countries during the period 2001-2020, conducting a panel data Fixed Effect non-linear regression model with robust effect considering the non-normality and the possibility of heteroscedasticity of some of the variables. The results show that employers in the industry, the productivity in the service sector, and wages will increase the enrolment in a trade union, but on the other side, an increase of FDI and unemployment rates will decrease the association of employers to be in a trade union.

DARFUR PEACEKEEPERS, REVIEW

DARFUR PEACEKEEPERS, REVIEW

Union Activism and the Baseball Hall of Fame Voting Process: Labor-Management Conflict and Media Bias

Media bias is well documented in the industrial relations domain. This paper extends this research by exploring whether union participation among former professional baseball players affects the likelihood of moving through two stages of the selection process for the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame (HOF), a selection process controlled by sports media. At the HOF ballot inclusion stage, union activism increased position players’ and pitchers’ likelihoods of inclusion, regardless of time period. Conversely, at the HOF voting stage, position players who were union representatives during labor-management conflict (i.e., strikes and lockouts) received significantly less votes than non-activists, while position players who were representatives during labor-management cooperation received significantly more votes. Union activism did not affect pitchers at this stage. We conclude that union activists can be subject to negative media bias during labor-management conflict that, in turn, negatively affects post-employment outcomes.

National Evaluation of the Association Between Resident Labor Union Participation and Surgical Resident Well-being

Labor unions are purported to improve working conditions; however, little evidence exists regarding the effect of resident physician unions. To evaluate the association of resident unions with well-being, educational environment, salary, and benefits among surgical residents in the US. This national cross-sectional survey study was based on a survey administered in January 2019 after the American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE). Clinically active residents at all nonmilitary US general surgery residency programs accredited by the American Council of Graduate Medical Education who completed the 2019 ABSITE were eligible for participation. Data were analyzed from December 5, 2020, to March 16, 2021. Presence of a general surgery resident labor union. Rates of labor union coverage among non-health care employees within a region were used as an instrumental variable (IV) for the presence of a labor union at a residency program. The primary outcome was burnout, which was assessed using a modified version of the abbreviated Maslach Burnout Inventory and was defined as experiencing any symptom of depersonalization or emotional exhaustion at least weekly. Secondary outcomes included suicidality, measures of job satisfaction, duty hour violations, mistreatment, educational environment, salary, and benefits. A total of 5701 residents at 285 programs completed the pertinent survey questions (response rate, 85.6%), of whom 3219 (56.5%) were male, 3779 (66.3%) were White individuals, 449 (7.9%) were of Hispanic ethnicity, 4239 (74.4%) were married or in a relationship, and 1304 (22.9%) had or were expecting children. Among respondents, 690 residents were from 30 unionized programs (10.5% of programs). There was no difference in burnout for residents at unionized vs nonunionized programs (297 [43.0%] vs 2175 [43.4%]; odds ratio [OR], 0.92 [95% CI, 0.75-1.13]; IV difference in probability, 0.15 [95% CI, -0.11 to 0.42]). There were no significant differences in suicidality, job satisfaction, duty hour violations, mistreatment, educational environment, salary, or benefits except that unionized programs more frequently offered 4 weeks instead of 2 to 3 weeks of vacation (27 [93.1%] vs 52 [30.6%]; OR, 19.18 [95% CI, 3.92-93.81]; IV difference in probability, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.09-1.45]) and more frequently offered housing stipends (10 [38.5%] vs 9 [16.1%]; OR, 2.15 [95% CI, 0.58-7.95]; IV difference in probability, 0.62 [95% CI 0.04-1.20]). In this evaluation of surgical residency programs in the US, unionized programs offered improved vacation and housing stipend benefits, but resident unions were not associated with improved burnout, suicidality, job satisfaction, duty hour violations, mistreatment, educational environment, or salary.

The Costa Rican business sector’s concepts of the transfer of German dual training

This article analyzes the tripartite social dialogue of an inter-institutional commission in Costa Rica, which took place from February 27 to September 1, 2017. During this time the Costa Rican state the business sector and unions discussed ways to implement dual vocational education and training (VET) in Costa Rica, using the German model as a reference. Here, the focus is on the business sector’s concepts regarding if and how the German dual VET model should be transferred to Costa Rica. the findings are based on two interviews with Costa Rican business representatives and the observation of dialogue table meetings with representatives from the state, the business sector and unions. Based on the premise that discourses express and influence social practices, it is analyzed how the structure of the business sector’s arguments relate to Toulmin’s model of argumentation. It is concluded that from the Costa Rican business sector’s point of view, the policy of dual education in VET is essential to gain economic strength in a global market. However, for these business groups, the model must be “tropicalized” in a way that redefines some of the bases of the German reference model, such as union participation, distribution of training costs as well as the legal status of the apprentice. Therefore, it is concluded that the discussion on the dual model of VET was used as a window of opportunity to promote reforms that would favor the business sector.

Researching around our subjects

This article explores the opportunities and obstacles of researching women’s trade union activism in the British film and television industries between 1933 and 2017. The surviving material on women’s union participation is incomplete and fragmented, and so my research has combined an examination of archival material—the union’s journal and the meeting minutes, correspondence and ephemera of three iterations of its equality committee—with new and existing oral history interviews. Sherry J. Katz has termed this methodological approach “researching around our subjects”, which involves “working outward in concentric circles of related sources” to reconstruct women’s experiences (90). While “researching around my subjects” was a challenging and time-consuming process, it was also a rewarding one, producing important insights into union activism as it relates to gender and breaking new ground in both women’s labour and women’s film and television history. This article concludes with a case study on the appointment of Sarah Benton as researcher for the ACTT’s Patterns report in 1973, revealing the benefits of this methodological approach in reconstructing events which have been effectively erased from the official record.

Tecnologia empregada, rede de apoio e perfil da cafeicultura paulista.

Coffee agribusiness in the State of São Paulo is the most relevant in the country. However, it does not have the strongest productive base, being surpassed by other states that stand out in the crop. In São Paulo, there was a drop in the cultivated area in the intercensitory space of LUPAs 2007/2008 and 2016/17, but more than compensated by the increase in the productive park, reflecting in greater crop density. The adoption of agronomic technologies (soil analysis, acidity correction) intensified as well as the use of machines to harvest and irrigate crops. The access of the worldwide computer network and the use of computers in the activity are already a reality of a majority share of coffee growers in São Paulo. The demand for credit and rural insurance has become more frequent among coffee growers, which leverages investments and increases the resilience of farms. In terms of profile, coffee growers remain associated with cooperatives, but there was less participation in associations and unions. Despite the increased participation of private technical assistance in advising coffee growers, the performance of the public extension is still responsible for most of the properties served. The evolution of the participation in the formation of income in properties where there is coffee plantation showed an increase in those farms in which more than 40% of the income came from coffee growing. The current census data show that São Paulo's crop maintains a trend of gaining productive efficiency and, consequently, of competitiveness.

A study of measuring the social determinants of subjective Well-Being of working women (With special reference to balangoda divisional secretariat division)

The measurement of Subjective Well-being (SWB) has advanced rapidly over the last two decades with the several segments. Subjective well being is defined as sum of three components-life satisfaction, presence of positive affect and absence of negative affect together called " happiness". However studies based on working women's well-being still is scarce. In this paper a attempt has made to measure the social determinants of subjective well-being for working women while identifying the variation among social determinants and subjective well-being for the selected area is the supplementary objective. Selected sample consisted with 187 married, employed women in the age group of 19–60, from 3 GN Divisions in Balangoda DS Division, through cluster sampling and convenience sampling methods, using a structured questionnaire. Weighted Principal Components Analysis (WPCA) is performed on variables for the indicators of Subjective Well-Being. Under this method, the loading from the first component of PCA are used as weights for the respective indicators. Finally the constructed social determinants of subjective well-being are classified into three categories as happy moderately happy and unhappy using cluster analysis. Indicators for community relationships, contribution of family members, social validity, organizing events and nature of the job lead to high satisfaction while working hours per week, working environment and trade union participation make less happiness among working women.

Partycypacja pracownicza w krajach UE – analiza porównawcza

Przedmiot badań: Partycypacja pracownicza obejmuje reprezentację pracowniczą na poziomie przedsiębiorstwa, reprezentację w organach nadzoru korporacyjnego oraz partycypację związ­kową, tj. poziom uzwiązkowienia i zasięg umów zbiorowych. Autorka prezentuje kraje Unii Eu­ropejskiej, które są liderami w poszczególnych obszarach partycypacji oraz definiuje czynniki, które determinują tę sytuację. W artykule podkreślono również zmiany w sile „pracowniczego głosu” spowodowane kryzysem ekonomicznym.
 Cel badawczy: Celem artykułu jest porównanie trzech komponentów Europejskiego Indeksu Par­tycypacji (EPI) w krajach UE i określenie zmian wartości tego wskaźnika w okresie 2009–2019 między poszczególnymi krajami.
 Metoda badawcza: Artykuł został oparty w znaczniej mierze na przeglądzie wybranych publika­cji, dostępnych danych statystycznych z bazy OECD i ICTWSS oraz wynikach badań przepro­wadzonych w 2019 r. przez Europejską Fundację na Rzecz Poprawy Warunków Życia i Pracy i agencję Cedefop oraz badań Europejskiej Agencji Bezpieczeństwa i Zdrowia Pracy. Podstawą analizy są wartości EPI oszacowane przez S. De Spiegelaere i S. Vitolsa z Europejskiego Instytutu Związków Zawodowych.
 Wyniki: W ramach przeprowadzonej analizy stwierdzono, że siła „pracowniczego głosu” w kra­jach UE w okresie 2009–2019 obniżyła się o 8%, przy czym największy spadek odnotowano w obszarze partycypacji związkowej. Największe wahania wartości EPI miały miejsce w Cze­chach, które w 2013 r. zajmowały 13 miejsce w rankingu i w następnym roku spadły na 20 pozy­cję, aby w 2017 r. awansować na pozycję 12.

Diversity as job quality: toward the inclusion of trade unions in public procurement of social services

PurposeWhen union representatives are included in government procurement procedures for contracting-out of social welfare services, organizational diversity is enhanced if the job quality parameter, as reflected in the contract, is improved. Asking how unions are treated in government procurement procedures, this paper discusses an approach to diversity management based on the inclusion of unions.Design/methodology/approachAs part of a broader research project, interviews were conducted with six budget administrators and 16 occupational standards administrators employed by the Israeli ministries of Welfare, Education and Health; and with eight trade union activists. Grounded theory was applied for data analysis, revealing meanings of “trade unions” and “job quality.”FindingsBudgeting administrators manifested diversity resistance by means of only partially supporting trade union demands to enhance job quality. Their power position enabled them to prioritize the profit imperative of service providers; the diverse labor force operating the contracted-out service were consequently denied the ostensible benefits of workplace diversity.Practical implicationsUnionization, and trade union participation in social welfare procurement processes, is a potentially effective path to improving job quality and enhancing workplace diversity. However, more must be done to develop the institutional-level processes that will ensure that this potential is utilized to the full.Social implicationsIncluding trade unions in social welfare procurement processes is a potentially effective path to improving job quality and enhancing workplace diversity. However, specific actions are required to develop the willingness of budgeting administrators to recognize the association between union participation, job quality and the acknowledged benefit of promoting organizational diversity.Originality/valueAn institutional work perspective was used to detail how budgeting administrators involved in public procurement processes resisted diversity by undermining trade union action for job quality. By identifying three social processes deployed to side-track trade union campaigns for improved job quality, this research shows how the power struggle between budgeting administrators and union representatives ultimately undermines workplace diversity.

Contract Labor and the Limits to Worker Representation: The Case of Hyundai Automobile Plants

The employment status of contract workers is generally characterized by precarious work and limited workers’ rights. Based on a case study of Hyundai automobile plants, this article demonstrates contradictions inherent in in-house contracting practices, which involve the deployment of contract workers alongside user firm employees. The use of contract workers has not only carried with it considerable changes in employment relationships, but also has great potential to undermine the rights of workers. Worker representation constitutes an important part of the changes in the workplace. By revealing structural constraints faced by contract workers in attempts to advance their interests in the user firm complex, the present study addresses the ‘representation gap’ between regular and contract workers and the associated problems. The findings of the study also shed light on tensions associated with the diversity of interests among workplace actors with respect to the union participation and representation of contract workers.

Women’s participation in teacher unions: Implications of a ‘triple burden’ for union gender equality strategies

Amidst declining union influence, teacher unions have retained power. However, work intensification, arising from increasing reform in school education, has potentially undermined union participation, particularly women’s. Using a mixed-method approach, this article examines how the tangled combination of women’s paid work, union participation and family/domestic responsibilities (the ‘triple burden’) affects women’s roles as unionists. Examining the case of Australian teachers, the article finds that while demands of ‘work’ and ‘life’ can stifle union participation, it is specifically the cultural and historical legacies in unions that hinder women’s participation. The findings offer new insights around issues affecting the participation of women in female-dominated unions, and the intersection between union organisation and operation and the member-workers whom they represent.

After Janus: Teachers’ Unions, Walkouts, and Social Justice Unionism

Recent union-supported teachers’ walkouts and strikes across several U.S. states and cities highlighted union-led and grassroots efforts to amplify teachers’ voices. Yet, the recent U.S. Supreme Court decision, Janus v. AFSCME, Council 31, provides a strength test for teachers’ unions and members engaging in social justice/equity work within a post- Janus landscape. This article first explores traditional functions of teachers’ unions. Next, it examines Janus and potential consequences for union participation, teachers’ advocacy, and civil rights. Using a social justice lens, the article discusses how and why unions may need to consider strengthening “social justice unionism” by building on walkouts and strikes.