Union Des Research Articles

Les modérés du Nord entre MRP et RPF. De l'Union des républicains du Nord au Centre départemental des indépendants et paysans (1945-1952)

Gilles Richard, The Nord Moderate between MRP and RPF. From the Union des Républicains du Nord to the Centre Départemental des Indépendants et Paysans. The Union des Républicains du Nord was born in 1 946 as a reaction against the MRP, the first political force in the department at the time of the Liberation and involved in the tri-partisan policy at the national level. Conforted by the inheritance of the Republican Federation and the support of a large fraction of the local business, the U.N.R. will first get into an alliance with the Gaullist movement to fight better against the marxist parties. As early as 1949, however, the links between the Gaullists and the Moderate get looser. These latter, eager to get into a closer relation with the parties in power to get a better hold on the course of events, choose to join the CNIP for the preparation of the parliamentary elections of June 195 1 . In 1952, the U.N.R. transformed itself into the Centre Départemental des Indépendants et Paysans and supported the «Pinay experiment».

Cruel Metonymies: Lilly Reich's Designs for the 1937 World's Fair

ion also made many adepts in the world of consumption. Since the 1920s there had been a revolution in the strategies of display. The Art Deco exposition held in Paris in 1925 had a strong effect on the world of commercial exhibitions and installations, but it tended to valorize the unique and the unrepeatable. Even more important was the creation, also in Paris, of the Union des Artistes Modernes in 1929.6 The organization campaigned tirelessly on behalf of a modernist aesthetic, new forms of display, and the use of modern materials consonant with mass production. Bringing together artists, architects, and designers, the Union underscored rather than disguised the relation of the merchandise and the installations with industry, as opposed to the luxury goods exhibited at the Art Deco show that attempted to endow machine-made goods with the allure of handicraft. Influence of new initiatives such as these can be seen in the windows designed for the great Parisian department stores throughout the late 1920s and 1930s: there is no thematic environment, no mimesis, no allegory. Just an abstract composition of fabrics tastefully draped over invisible frames. Having worked for some of Berlin's most fashionable department stores such as Wertheim and Gerson, Reich was familiar with these ideas. In 1911 she designed clothing installations for Wertheim, where her teacher Else Oppler-Legban was head of the women's fashion department.7 During the war, she also collaborated with Hermann Freudenberg, head of Gerson, Berlin's leading clothing store for women, in her aggressive show on German fashion.8 A member of the German Werkbund since 1912, she had closely followed its activities in this area. Working in collaboration with retailers, the Werkbund had initiated a campaign to inculcate modem tenets of window display in order to improve consumer taste. Their 1913 yearbook carried a series of articles and photographs dedicated to the subject, including a display by Reich.9 Shop-windows played an important role in the Werkbund's critique of the commodity and its representation within the retail 6. For the Union des Artiste Modernes, see Les Annees UAM, 1929-1958 (Paris: Union des arts decoratifs, 1988). 7. Magdalena Droste, Lilly Reich: Her Career as an Artist, Reich: Designer and Architect 48. 8. For Reich's work in fashion design, see Mark Wigley's illuminating study White Walls, Designer Dresses: The Fashioning of Modern Architecture (Cambridge: MIT, 1995) 149. 9. Die Kunst in Industrie und Handel, Jahrbuch des deutschen Werkbundes (Jena: Eugen Diederichs, 1913) 103. This content downloaded from 207.46.13.131 on Sat, 15 Oct 2016 04:33:22 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 164 Cruel Metonymies :?li~i::i~i:. ::_'!W iii';

"To Assure the Reign of Work and Justice": The 'Union des Femmes' and the Paris Commune of 1871

On April 11, 1871, an Appeal to the Women Citizens of summoned the women of the Paris Commune To arms ! The nation is in danger. This call led to the formation of the 'Union des Femmes pour la defense de Paris et les soins aux blesses', a socialist and feminist organization devoted not only to the immediate defense of Paris , but also to the fundamental reordering of socio-economic and gender relations. Operating within a transitional and discrepant milieu, the 'Union des Femmes' leaders constructed a socialist feminist critique of both the pre-Commune capitalist world and the nascent socio-economic order of the Commune. The Union des Femmes members seized the revolutionary moment to begin to reconceptualize and reorganize women's labor. They saw the recognition of their lives as full participants within the public, laboring world as essential to their access to economic independence, their primary goal. Facing the immediate reality of working class women 's economic needs , and their understanding of the Commune as a developing, evolving society, the 'Union des Femmes' took a pragmatic and transitional stance, while planning for their ideally conceived future.

Sisters of the brush: women's artistic culture in late nineteenth-century Paris

Vision and division in the sisterhood of artists amidst a veritable flood of painting - establishing a context for the Union des Femmes Peintres et Sculpteurs feminism, philanthropy and the femme artiste reason and resistance - women's entry into the Ecole des Beaux-Arts the sex of art - in search of le genie feminin l'art feminin - a Utopian vision.

Market expansion, cannibalization, and international airline pricing strategy

We analyze market response and pricing of air travel on the Paris-Abidjan, Ivory Coast route operated by a French airline, Union des Transports Aeriens (UTA). We measure the impact of price on the overall size of the market, and examine the nature, pattern, and extent of cannibalization using a set of econometric models for overall passenger volume and for each fare class share. Our analysis shows that (1) only one class of fares expands the market; (2) cannibalization is very significant and highly asymmetric; (3) even small deviations from optimal prices substantially reduce profit. Based on these estimated models, we forecast demand for air travel and calculate optimal fares. We discuss how these models and results were used by UTA and the impact they had on pricing strategy.

French chemical industry to pick up this year

Output of the French chemical industry was up 1.3% last year over 1992, despite the generally depressed economy. Production in 1994, however, is expected to increase by about 2% over last year, compared with an average increase of about 1.5% in chemical output predicted for Western Europe. The pharmaceuticals sector will bolster the French industry, whose total output otherwise would be up only about 1%. Those were among the statistics presented earlier this month by the Union des Industries Chimiques (UIC), the French chemical industry association, in what was an encouragingly optimistic briefing session. Chemical sales, however, did not show the same pattern as production, slipping 1% last year from 1992. Had pharmaceuticals been excluded from total sales, the decline would have been 2%. The difficulties of the chemical industry in 1993 resulted much more from the drop in selling prices—although the decline varied markedly in the various product sectors—than from any drop in production. ...

Les Olympiades de Physique

In order to develop experimental teaching in secondary school, the Société Française de Physique and the Union des Physiciens organize, with the support of the administration and of private firms, a competition that aims at rewarding teams of scholars that build and exploit experimental devices. In this short paper one tries to summarize the objectives of these “Olympiades de Physique”, and their results, two years after their birth.

Domaines de la Nuit et Autorité Onirique dans les Maquis du Sud-Cameroun (1955–1958)

This article explores the dreams recorded by Ruben Um Nyobe in 1958, shortly before his death during the struggle which the Union des Populations du Cameroun waged against the terms which the French and their local allies sought to impose on Camerounese independence. The struggle should not be categorized in the inflationary rhetoric of African ‘revolutions’. Rather, it should be viewed as a movement of resistance and assertion within the colonial arena, where European authorities controlled certain strategic points while African communities maintained predominance at other locations. In this connection it is important to understand the importance which African communities in southern Cameroun attached to the world of the invisible and the ‘economy of the night’. It was in the invisible world that Africans, and especially those who were considered to be leaders and therapists in their societies, had sought to manipulate the ‘economy of the day’ and the strategic points controlled by the colonial economy and administration since the late 19th century. In this context, the dreams and annotations of Um Nyobe become significant, not as an expression of sexual preoccupations or the residual psychological orientations of his society, but as historical evidence: signs and statements of his effort to control the day, direct the struggle, and bring healing to his community, and acts of political as well as cultural significance. The colonial regime framed and affected the lives of its subjects, even to the point of consciousness and dreams, but at the same time the subjects fashioned their own space, refashioned their institutions, reinterpreted the actions of the regime and continually undermined its authority.

The benefits and advantages of APL

Dominique Julio and Joël Mosland have been working for the last ten years in the research department of the Personnel Management of UAP (Union des Assurances de Paris). They use APL for several applications: prototyping, definition and testing of simulation models.This article defines an application whose major characteristic is the interfacing of several computer systems. These systems existed before in UAP and had to be rapidly interconnected, with limited human and financial resources. The choice fell very rapidly on APL, given its ease of development and maintenance.

The Bases of Parti Québécois Support in Recent Quebec Elections

A l'aide de résultats électoraux et de données provenant de divers sondages, les auteurs tentent de trancher la controverse concernant l'influence de la classe sociale des électeurs sur leur propension à voter pour le Parti québécois. Ils constatent premièrement que toutes les études précédentes, sauf une, n'ont pas tenu compte de la langue d'usage des électeurs et, deuxièmement, que les résultats diffèrent selon que l'on a retenu, comme indice de la classe sociale des électeurs, leurs revenus, leur occupation ou leur éducation. La présente analyse, qui tient compte de la langue d'usage, de la répartition géographique (région montréalaise/reste du Québec) et de l'âge des électeurs, démontre qu'en aucune circonstance, les électeurs de statut socio-économique peu élevé n'appuient le Parti québécois davantage que ceux de statut plus élevé. Il se trouve par ailleurs des circonstances – surtout à l'extérieur de la région montréalaise – où les groupes de statut plus élevé sont proportionnellement bien plus nombreux à donner leur appui au Parti québécois. Diverses hypothèses sont avancées pour expliquer ces résultats, lesquels peuvent être interprétés, selon les auteurs, à l'aide d'un modèle fondé sur l'influence personnelle.

Canadian Professional Theatres

Most of the theatres in this Checklist were registered with either Actor’s Equity Association of Canada (English language) or the Union des Artistes (French language). Some were registered with neither organization but were nevertheless producing on a regular basis using writers, actors, designers and directors who were either being paid or who were spending the majority of their professional time in theatrical pursuits.

The Organisation of Senegal River States

In the early 1960s pan-Africanism was thought by many scholars and leaders of government to be the force which would bring political harmony coupled with rapid economic development. During the last decade a number of regional and sub-regional organisations were developed as first steps towards greater African unity. In English- speaking Africa the East African Community formed by Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda exemplified, with all its frustrations and aspirations, this type of grouping. In French-speaking Africa the limited success of the Union douanière et économique de l'Afrique central, its successor the Union des états d'Afrique centrale, and the Union douanière de l'Afrique occidentale has raised serious questions of whether these organisations, at this point in history, can attain their goals of regional economic integration and development.

Union Des Populations Du Cameroun (UPC): A Study in Mass Mobilization

Union Des Populations Du Cameroun (UPC): A Study in Mass Mobilization

Interpretation of the Mechanical Behavior of Rayon

The author of this paper is head of the Central Textile Laboratory of Fabelta ( Union des Fabriques Belges de Textiles Artificiels). The Fabelta group includes all of the Belgian rayon and staple fiber mills. Several interesting points of view which may be new to many of our readers are presented. For example, the concept of the micro-Brownian movement of the cellulose chains in the amorphous regions, the thermodynamic point of view, and the equation of state for rayon.—Editor

Hydro-Electric Power Development in the Pyrenees

AN interesting and efficient system of electric power generation and distribution, serving the Southern Railway of France (Chemins de Fer du Midi) and a number of important regional industries, has been developed, mainly during the past decade, from the natural water resources of the western Pyrenees. During a recent tour in southern France, I was afforded, through the courtesy of the Midi Company, an opportunity of visiting several of the generating stations, and the following is a brief description of the salient features of the undertaking, known as the Union des Producteurs d'Éilectricité des Pyrénées Occidentales (U.P.E.P.O), which controls more than half a million horse-power, say one-fourth of the total water power developed in France, as registered at the end of 1930. The gross potential water resources of that country are estimated to be between nine and ten million horse-power.