Unilateral Eye Research Articles

Comparison of Regional Differences in the Choroidal Thickness between Patients with Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy and Classic Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration

ABSTRACT Purpose: To compare the regional differences in the choroidal thickness (CT) between patients with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) and classic exudative age-related macular degeneration (ceAMD). Materials and Methods: We included both eyes of patients with unilateral macular neovascularization (MNV) due to ceAMD or PNV. Unilateral eyes of normal subjects were also included as a normal control group. The regional difference in CT was defined as a difference between the macular and extramacular areas, and calculated as the ratio of subfoveal CT (SFCT) to nasal peripapillary CT (PCT). Results: In normal subjects, the choroid was 2.25 ± 0.10 times thicker at the macula than at the extramacular area. The SFCT and PCT were significantly affected by age (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively), whereas the regional difference in CT were independent of age (P = .076). Analysis of covariance including age, sex, and MNV group showed that regional difference in CT were significantly affected by sex, nasal peripapillary CT, and MNV group (P = .023, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively). The estimated marginal mean of the regional difference in CT was significantly smaller in the ceAMD group (1.671 ± 0.103) than in the normal control (2.250 ± 0.095, P = .003) and PNV groups (2.0880 ± 0.086, P < .001). Conclusions: Regional differences in CT were consistent with aging. However, the difference varied with the presence of PNV or ceAMD. Measurement of regional differences in CT provides additional information for characterizing the choroid in patients with MNV.

Conjunctivitis and other ocular manifestation following COVID-19; updated information about transmission of COVID-19 by eye

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in Wuhan, in late December 2019 and was became a pandemic health problem worldwide. In this review, the current evidence related to the ocular transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and its common manifestations was studied. According to this review, 7% to 69.4% of patients had at least an ocular symptom following COVID-19. Ocular symptom are bilateral or unilateral conjunctivitis, increased secretion, eye itching and foreign body sensation, epiphora, dry eye, conjunctival congestion, eye pink, conjunctival hyperemia, and chemosis. SARS-CoV-2 particles were found in tears and conjunctiva. Therefore, the transmission of COVID-19 by conjunctiva is possible. Then, it is essential to wear eye shield to protect against developing ocular involvement by COVID-19 because personal glasses and contact lenses cannot protect from COVID-19.

Frontal Mucocele With Proptosis: DrafIIa Approach

Paranasal sinus mucocele commonly involved fronto-ethmoidal region rather than other due to its narrow anatomical drainage outflow, which put them at a higher tendency to get obstructed. Usually, it arises from an identifiable cause such as a history of endonasal surgery, facial trauma or background of nasal allergy or rhinosinusitis. Rarely patient presented with primary frontal mucocele, and its presentation depending on the mucocele location and extension with surrounding mass effect. Treatment is based on restoration of frontal sinus drainage and ventilation or towards a more radical and definitive approach which is sinus obliteration. Risk and benefits between these two need to be taken into consideration. We present a case of primary frontal mucocele with gradual onset of unilateral eye proptosis which first presented solely with ophthalmic symptoms.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 03 July’21 Page: 366-371

Unilateral granulomatous conjunctivitis in a pregnant retroviral positive woman on HAART

Ocular sporotrichosis is a relatively rare infection. We report a case of right ocular sporotrichosis in a 35 year-old pregnant woman at 30-week period of gestation with underlying retroviral disease on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). She presented with one month history of unilateral eye redness and itchiness. Her symptoms persisted despite treatment for conjunctivitis. She was subsequently referred to ophthalmology clinic and a diagnosis of ocular sporotrichosis was made based on the culture of excised conjunctival tissues. Her symptoms improved after she was treated with fluconazole eye drops and intralesional amphotericin B. This case highlights the importance of early referral to ophthalmology in the case of unilateral eye redness in a high risk patient with history of exposure to infected cat prior to presentation.&#x0D; Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.453-455

The results of intravitreal bevacizumab monotherapy for treating aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity and Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity.

This study evaluated the efficacy of intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) monotherapy for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (APROP) and Type 1 retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), along with recurrence rates and treatment outcomes for recurrences. This retrospective cohort study reviewed the records of infants with ROP (Type 1 and APROP), who received IVB treatment between March 2013 and February 2018. A total of 257 eyes from 130 cases (unilateral eyes in three cases) were included. Cases were followed for 121.7 ± 45.7 weeks (range: 70-260 weeks). Recurrence requiring treatment was determined in 14.8% of all eyes at a mean of 9.6 ± 2.7 weeks (range: 6-15 weeks) after initial treatment and a mean of 42.3 ± 2.2 weeks (range: 38-48 weeks) postmenstrual age. Recurrence requiring treatment was observed in 20.8% of APROP and 5.8% of Type 1 ROP eyes at a statistically significant difference (p = 0.001). Persistent avascular areas were found in 54 eyes (25.8%) at the corrected age of 1 year, and prophylactic laser treatment was applied. This was statistically significantly higher in APROP (38.6%) than in Type 1 ROP (10.5%) (p < 0.001). An unfavourable structural outcome (progression to retinal detachment) occurred in one eye (0.4%), which developed insufficient regression and progression. IVB monotherapy is effective for APROP and Type 1 ROP with Zone 1 and posterior Zone 2 localisation. However, because of recurrences requiring treatment and persistent peripheral avascular areas, severe, late complications must be considered, and follow-up examinations must be made. Prophylactic laser treatment for persistent avascular areas seems effective for minimising long-term complications.

Coats disease ‒ case report

Coats disease is a rare, in about 90% of cases unilateral idiopathic eye pathology. It is characterized by telangiectatic and aneurysmally altered retinal blood vessels and progressive intra- and subretinal exudation, which can lead to exudative retinal detachment. Most often the symptoms manifest in the advanced stages. Purpose: To report a case with Coats disease. 10 year old boy, admitted to the Eye Clinic of the University Alexandrovska Hospital – Sofia, with leucocoria and strabismus of the right eye. Method: Full ophthalmic and orthoptic examination, OCT. Results: 3B stage of Coats disease of the right eye was established. The chance for improvement after surgery was evaluated as very little, so our patient remained under observation with protective glasses and prevention of complications. Conclusion: It is of great importance to early diagnose the disease, so to have more treatment options.

Dynamic changes of axial length, corneal refractive power, and refractive state after cataract surgery in infants

Objective: To investigate the changes of axial length, corneal refractive power, and refractive state in infants with congenital cataract surgery. Methods: Retrospective cohort study. Medical records of 103 patients who underwent congenital cataract surgery in the Eye Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University Hangzhou Branch from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2018 were reviewed. There were 61 boys and 42 girls in the study. The mean age at the surgery of 103 congenital cataract patients was (3.95±1.94) months. In patients receiving bilateral cataract surgery, only the left eye was selected for analysis. The patients were followed up for at least 1 year. The patients were divided into the groups of <4 months old and 4-12 months old according to the age at cataract surgery. The change in the axial length, corneal refractive power, and refractive state of each patient at 1 year after surgery was analyzed. Independent sample t-test, one way variance analysis and simple linear regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: There were 71 cases of bilateral cataract, including 33 in the group of <4 months old and 38 in the group of 4-12 months old, and 32 cases of unilateral cataract, including 17 in the group of <4 months old and 15 in the group of 4-12 months old. The change in the axial length of bilateral cataract children in the <4-month-old group was (2.46±1.33) mm at 1 year after surgery, which was greater than (1.52± 1.00) mm in the group of 4-12 months old (t=3.21; P<0.01). In the same surgery age group, there was no significant difference in the change of axial length among bilateral cataract eyes, unilateral cataract eyes and the contralateral eyes at 1 year after surgery (both P>0.05). One year after surgery, the axial length of the eyes in patients with bilateral cataract, the affected eyes and the fellow eyes in patients with unilateral cataract all was highly correlated with the logarithm of the actual age (r=0.68, 0.52, 0.73; all P<0.01). The corneal refractive power showed a decreased trend with the increase of age. The change in the corneal refractive power of the bilateral cataract children in the <4-month-old group at 1 year after surgery was (1.43±2.87) D, and in the group of 4-12 months old was (0.68±2.10) D, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The chang in spherical equivalent of bilateral cataract children was (2.02±2.60) D in the <4-month-old group, greater than that in the group of 4-12 months old [(0.69±1.89) D; t=2.15; P<0.05]. The change of spherical equivalent one year after surgery in 4-12 months group, unilateral cataract eyes was significantly greater than that of bilateral cataract eyes [(2.05±0.95) D vs. (0.69±1.89) D; t=2.49; P<0.05]. The spherical equivalent of both bilateral and unilateral cataract children was highly correlated with the actual age (r=-0.51, -0.54; both P<0.01). Conclusions: The axial length is increased, the corneal refractive power is decreased, and the spherical equivalent is decreased at 1 year after surgery for congenital cataract in infants. The younger the age at cataract surgery, the greater the change in the axial length, myopia drift, and corneal refractive power. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 34-40).

Pott's puffy tumor in a 23-month-old: Youngest known case of a rare disease

This case report describes a child who developed Pott's puffy tumor and was treated at the Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City. In addition to a discussion of a case, a review of the literature was completed on this topic describing the typical embryology and development of the frontal sinus, and the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Pott's puffy tumor. The patient was a 23-month-old boy who developed Pott's puffy tumor after recovery from influenza. The patient presented to the hospital with progressing edema of the unilateral eye that spread bilaterally within a few days. A CT scan demonstrated pansinusitis, developed frontal sinuses, right periorbital cellulitis, and medial forehead subperiosteal abscess. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery and transcutaneous abscess drainage were urgently performed and the patient made a full recovery following a course of ertapenem and levofloxacin. The presence of a developed frontal sinus in a 23-month-old is an unexpected radiologic finding. This case represents the youngest patient reported in the literature to develop this rare complication of frontal sinusitis.

Use of complementary and alternative therapies by patients with eye diseases: a hospital-based cross-sectional study from Palestine

BackgroundGenerally, complementary and alternative therapies (CAT) are accepted methods of treatment by patients with various types of conditions. Their use is becoming especially prevalent among patients with eye problems even in developed countries. Thus, we aimed to determine the pattern of use of CAT in this patient population, to identify the patient characteristics associated with the use of CAT, and to assess the types of CAT used.MethodsA descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Palestine at An-Najah National University Hospital between the time periods of October 2019 to May 2020, using questionnaire-based face to face interviews. Data were collected through convenience sampling. Patients responded to the questionnaire, which was focused on information adapted from previous research in this area, covering socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, types of CAT, source of information, and side effects on CAT use.ResultsA total of 86 patients were interviewed for our study. Over two thirds, 67% reported using CAT for the specific purpose of improving their eye condition, and about one third (29.1%) received more than one therapy. The most common therapies reported were duea’ (i.e. supplication) (47.1%) and herbal therapies (24.1%). It was shown that patients with bilateral involvement of their eyes were almost twice more likely to describe using CAT than patients with unilateral eye pathology (p = 0.006). Also, patients who underwent surgery as their route of treatment were significantly less likely to use CAT (p = 0.043). Most of our study participants mentioned a non-physician source as their source of information regarding CAT with family members being the most frequently mentioned (30.2%) followed by the internet (25.6%) and friends (19.8%).ConclusionsThe prevalence of CAT use among patients with eye disease is somewhat high in our study population. Because CAT may trigger adverse reactions, influence the progression of the disease, and interfere with conventional treatment, the ophthalmologist should frequently be asked patients with such diagnostics regarding the use of these therapies. Further work is required to analyze the mechanisms of action and to establish realistic guidelines for the use of these modalities.

Tear Proteomics Study of Dry Eye Disease: Which Eye Do You Adopt as the Representative Eye for the Study?

Most studies about dry eye disease (DED) chose unilateral eye for investigation and drew conclusions based on monocular results, whereas most studies involving tear proteomics were based on the results of pooling tears from a group of DED patients. Patients with DED were consecutively enrolled for binocular clinical tests, tear biochemical markers of DED, and tear proteome. We found that bilateral eyes of DED patients may have similar but different ocular surface performance and tear proteome. Most ocular surface homeostatic markers and tear biomarkers were not significantly different in the bilateral eyes of DED subjects, and most clinical parameters and tear biomarkers were correlated significantly between bilateral eyes. However, discrepant binocular presentation in the markers of ocular surface homeostasis and the associations with tear proteins suggested that one eye’s performance cannot represent that of the other eye or both eyes. Therefore, in studies for elucidating tear film homeostasis of DED, we may lose some important messages hidden in the fellow eye if we collected clinical and proteomic data only from a unilateral eye. For mechanistic studies, it is recommended that researchers collect tear samples from the eye with more severe DED under sensitive criteria for identifying the more severe eye and evaluating the tear biochemical and proteomic markers with binocular concordance drawn in prior binocular studies.

Keratometry in paediatric eyes with cataract in Indian population

Background: To compare the keratometric data of unilateral cataractous paediatric eyes with their corresponding non-cataractous fellow eyes.Methods: In this clinic-based observational study eyes of 354 consecutive children who presented with unilateral or bilateral cataract were analysed. Other data collected included age at the time of surgery, gender, keratometry, axial length (AL) and laterality of cataract. Keratometric values were obtained under general anaesthesia using a handheld Nidek Auto Keratometer. AL was measured with an ultrasound A-scan using either the immersion or the contact technique (Ocuscan, Alcon).Results: The average K value in the cataractous eyes was 44.97 ± 2.53 D (range: 37.38–55.13 D). The K values in different age groups were significantly different (P < 0.001). Irrespective of age, there was a significant difference between the K values of unilateral (n = 34 eyes: K = 44.16 ± 2.02) and bilateral cataracts (n = 320 eyes: K = 45.07 ± 2.56) (P < 0.05). In the age groups of 6–18 and 18–60 months, there was significant difference in K values of males and females (P < 0.02, P < 0.008). There was no significant difference in K values of unilateral cataractous eyes and their fellow eyes (P = 0.096). Age and AL demonstrated a significant linear relationship with K values: K =46.29− (0.6 1 log of age in months) (R2 = 0.09, P < 0.001) and K = 53.78− (0.451 AL) (R2 = 0.17, P < 0.001).Conclusions: The keratometric values of young children were steeper than those of older children. There was no significant difference in K values of the unilateral cataractous eyes as compared to the fellow eyes.

To Study Presentation of Ocular Cysticercosis and Evaluate Its Demographic Data, Diagnosis, Treatment and Outcome in a Hill Population of Northern India

<i>Aim:</i> To study presentation of ocular cysticercosis and to evaluate its demographic data, diagnosis, treatment and outcome in hill population of Northern India. <i>Materials and methods:</i> This is a retrospective study carried out in Dehradun, Uttarakhand in a tertiary eye care hospital over 4 years from 2016-2020. The study involved 38 patients who presented with unilateral eye disease and were diagnosed to have ocular or adenexal cysticercosis. We analysed retrospectively their geographical data, clinical presentation, serology, imaging, response to treatment and clinical outcome. <i>Results:</i> Age of patients ranged from 16-54 years. Male to female ratio was 1:3.75. Total no. of eyes affected were 38. All were unilateral presentation. 30 eyes (78.94%) presented with extraocular cysticercosis and 8 eyes (21.05%) with intraocular cysticercosis. 27 of the patients (71.05%) were from lower socioeconomic status with poor hygiene and sanitation conditions. 32 (89.21%) patients gave history of association with non-vegetarian diet. Extraocular cysticercosis group had restriction of ocular motility as most prevalent presentation seen in 16 eyes (53.33%) and proptosis as the most prevalent sign seen in 17 eyes (56.66%). Cyst prevalence was most frequently detected in superior rectus muscle seen in 14 eyes (53.84%). Intraocular cysticercosis group had blurring of vision as the most prevalent presenting symptom in 8 eyes (100.0%). Panuveitis in 6 eyes (75%) and presence of subretinal cyst in 4 eyes (50%) was the most prevalent sign seen in intraocular cysticercosis group. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test confirmed serology in 35 cases (92.10%). The USG B-scan detected presence of scolex in 36 eyes (94.73%). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed deep seated extraocular cysticercosis lesions and neurocysticercosis (NCC) undetected by computerized tomography (CT). CT was diagnostic for NCC in 5 cases (13.15%). Oral Albendazole and prednisolone were successful in management of extraocular cysticercosis. Intraocular cysticercosis was treated well with pars plana vitrectomy surgery with good visual recovery. <i>Conclusion:</i> Extraocular cysticercosis was more prevalent than intraocular cysticercosis. Early diagnosis and treatment made a difference in final outcome of the two groups. Imaging studies of orbital B-scan ultrasonography (USG B scan), CT and MRI with immune serological test of enzyme linked immunosorbet assay (ELISA) and Western blot for anticysticercus antibodies helped in confirming the diagnosis. Extraocular cysticercosis can be managed well medically with good clinical outcome. Intraocular cysticercosisis is best treated surgically. Safer and modern vitreoretinal surgical techniques promise good surgical outcome and visual recovery. Timely intervention and frequent postoperative follow up would help in keeping a watch on development of complications and maintenance of good vision.

Choroidal vessel density in unilateral hyperopic amblyopia using en-face optical coherence tomography

BackgroundStructural changes of the choroid, such as choroidal thickening, have been indicated in amblyopic eyes with hyperopic anisometropia as compared to fellow or healthy eyes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate choroidal vascular density (CVD) in children with unilateral hyperopic amblyopia.MethodsThis study included 88 eyes of 44 patients with unilateral amblyopia due to hyperopic anisometropia with or without strabismus and 29 eyes of 29 age-matched normal controls. The CVD of Haller’s layer was quantified from en-face images constructed by 3-dimensional swept-source optical coherence tomography images flattened relative to Bruch’s membrane. The analysis area was a 3 × 3-mm square of macula after magnification correction. Relationships between CVD and other parameters [best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT)] were investigated, and CVDs were compared between amblyopic, fellow, and normal control eyes.ResultsMean CVD was 59.11 ± 0.66% in amblyopic eyes, 59.23 ± 0.81% in fellow eyes, and 59.29 ± 0.74% in normal control eyes. CVD showed a significant positive relationship with SFCT (p = 0.004), but no relationships with other parameters. No significant differences in CVD were evident among amblyopic, fellow, and normal control eyes after adjusting for SFCT (p = 0.502).ConclusionsCVD was unrelated to BCVA, and CVD did not differ significantly among amblyopic, fellow and normal control eyes. These results suggest that the local CVD of Haller’s layer is unaffected in unilateral hyperopic amblyopic eyes.

Periorbital cellulitis and eyelid abscess as ocular manifestations of melioidosis: A report of three cases in Kapit, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo

Background: Melioidosis is an infection caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It can virtually affect any organ and result in a broad spectrum of diseases. Ocular involvement in melioidosis is rare with a prevalence rate of 0.49–1.02%, but can potentially lead to devastating outcomes. Case Description: We describe ocular manifestations in three patients diagnosed with culture-confirmed melioidosis in Kapit, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Two of them were farmers with underlying diabetes mellitus, which predisposed them to melioidosis. The principal clinical features invariably include fever and unilateral eye swelling. All of them were diagnosed with eyelid abscesses; periorbital cellulitis was associated in two patients. Surgical drainage of the eyelid abscess was performed and was useful for diagnostic purposes. Two patients had concomitant pneumonia and splenic abscesses as part of disseminated septicaemia. In all three patients, B. pseudomallei was identified in the blood and pus culture. All of them received intravenous ceftazidime as intensive phase therapy and subsequently completed eradication phase therapy. Post-treatment, our patients achieved total resolution of eyelid and splenic abscesses without any long-term ophthalmic complications. Discussion: Yaisawang et al. in her case series of ocular involvement in melioidosis reported orbital cellulitis as the most common manifestation of ocular melioidosis, followed by endophthalmitis, preseptal cellulitis, panophthalmitis, and panuveitis. This is in contrary to our observation whereby eyelid abscess, either occurs in isolation or association with periorbital cellulitis was the most common presentation in our setting. Conclusion: Melioidosis affecting the eye can present as periorbital cellulitis and eyelid abscess. High clinical suspicion and early empirical treatment were key to a successful outcome. Surgical drainage of the abscess was an important part of management beyond standard antibiotic therapy.

Characteristics of Patients with Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome at a Tertiary Eye Care Center in Jordan: A Retrospective Chart Review.

PurposeTo present the clinical profile of patients with pseudoexfoliation (PXF) and describe its association with pseudoexfoliation glaucoma and cataract surgery complications at a university hospital in Jordan.MethodsElectronic chart search was performed among patients aged ≥ 50 years who attended the Jordan University Hospital between January 2015 and March 2018, to identify patients with pseudoexfoliation. Data derived from history and ophthalmic examination regarding laterality of pseudoexfoliation, presence of glaucoma, glaucoma surgery, cataract, cataract surgery, lens instability, and complications of cataract surgery were collected and analyzed.ResultsOf 19,753 patient records searched, 962 (477 male and 485 female) had PXF (4.9%). The mean (SD) age was 71.8 (8.1) years. Pseudoexfoliation was unilateral in 539 patients (56.0%). The mean age of patients with clinically bilateral PXF was significantly higher than those with clinically unilateral PXF (p = 0.001). Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma was present in 237 of 962 (25.4%) patients with PXF and was significantly associated with clinically bilateral PXF (p < 0.001) and male gender (p = 0.001). In 454 (48.9%) patients (638 eyes) who underwent cataract surgery, there was no statistically significant difference in the rate of intraoperative complications between PXF eyes and the fellow eyes of clinically unilateral PXF eyes (p = 0.37), or between patients with clinically unilateral and clinically bilateral PXF (p = 0.78).ConclusionIn this large hospital-based study, the frequency of PXF was 4.9%. Glaucoma was present in one fourth of patients and was significantly associated with clinically bilateral PXF and male gender. Cataract surgery complication rates were not statistically different between PXF and the fellow eyes of clinically unilateral PXF eyes. Surgeons need to be aware of the potential increased risk of intraoperative complications in both groups.

Retinal ganglion cell loss and gliosis in the retinofugal projection following intravitreal exposure to amyloid-beta

Pathological accumulations of amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide are found in retina early in Alzheimer's disease, yet its effects on retinal neuronal structure remain unknown. To investigate this, we injected fibrillized Aβ1-42 protein into the eye of adult C57BL/6 J mice and analyzed the retina, optic nerve (ON), and the superior colliculus (SC), the primary retinal target in mice. We found that retinal Aβ exposure stimulated microglial activation and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss as early as 1-week post-injection. Pathology was not limited to the retina, but propagated into other areas of the central nervous system. Microgliosis spread throughout the retinal projection (retina, ON, and SC), with multiplex protein quantitation demonstrating an increase in endogenously produced Aβ in the ON and SC corresponding to the injected retinas. Surprisingly, this pathology spread to the opposite side, with unilateral Aβ eye injections driving increased Aβ levels, neuroinflammation, and RGC death in the opposite, un-injected retinal projection. As Aβ-mediated microglial activation has been shown to propagate Aβ pathology, we also investigated the role of the Aβ-binding microglial scavenger receptor CD36 in this pathology. Transgenic mice lacking the CD36 receptor were resistant to Aβ-induced inflammation and RGC death up to 2 weeks following exposure. These results indicate that Aβ pathology drives regional neuropathology in the retina and does not remain isolated to the affected eye, but spreads throughout the nervous system. Further, CD36 may serve as a promising target to prevent Aβ-mediated inflammatory damage.

Effects of Short-Term Unilateral Strength Training on Measures of Postural Control When Wearing "Operationally Relevant" Backpack Loads.

Krajewski, KT, Bansbach, HM, McLean, L, McKenzie, C, Rawcliffe, A, Graham, SM, Flanagan, SD, Pourmoghaddam, A, Dettmer, M, and Connaboy, C. Effects of short-term unilateral strength training on measures of postural control when wearing "operationally relevant" backpack loads. J Strength Cond Res 34(10): 2743-2750, 2020-To examine the effects of "operationally relevant" loads on postural stability and to determine the effects of unilateral and bilateral strength training programs on postural stability in healthy, recruit-aged men. Fifteen subjects were randomly assigned to either a unilateral (UL; n = 7) or bilateral (BL; n = 8) strength training group, which performed strength training 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Subjects completed the following pretest and post-test assessments: 1 repetition maximum in bilateral (1RM-BL) and unilateral (1RM-UL) stance positions and bilateral and unilateral balance tasks with eyes open and eyes closed. Balance tasks were performed over 3 loading conditions: body mass (BM), 50% BM, and 70% BM. Sample entropy (SE) and root mean square (RMS) were calculated from the center of pressures collected during each balance assessment. The UL strength training group showed significant improvement after training in both 1RM-UL (p < 0.01) and 1RM-BL (p < 0.01). The BL strength training group only showed significant improvement in 1RM-BL (p = 0.01). There was a significant main effect of load on RMS (p < 0.05) across all balance tasks with RMS increasing with increasing load. Sample entropy was found to decrease with increasing load in the unilateral eyes open and bilateral stance tasks. Significant increases in strength (∼10 to -29%) were observed; however, increased strength alone is not enough to mitigate the effects of load carriage on the postural control, even when training is performed in stance positions that are posturally challenging. Therefore, "operationally relevant" loads negatively impact postural stability in novice load carriers when assessing nonlinear measures.

A case report of congenitally abnormal rabbitheaded stillbirth Najdi lamb

The congenital head anomalies are most often used to describe defects in the eyes, mouth, nose, skull, and or brain. The faulty embryogenesis most likely found to be associated with abnormal genetic or epigenetic causes during pregnancy. Eventually it leads to congenital anomalies. Rabbit-headed Lamb (RH) is a disorder in sheep breeding that is characterized by some deformities in the head and the face. A dead –day old- crossbred white Najdi lamb with a deformed face and head was reported to be born in the current case. The external and physical examination revealed a deformed skull and facial region with a unilateral eye, fused mouth, piglike nose, and patent skull with the brain coming out from left eye orbit. Additionally, the lamb was very skinny with unusual long extremities. This is the first report of this syndrome that describes such deformities in a stillbirth Najdi breed lamb.

Unilateral okülodermal melanositozda ön segment değerlendirilmesi

Aim: To compare the anterior segment parameters of effected and normal eyes of unilateral&#x0D; oculodermal melanocytosis (ODM) patients.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: A retrospective chart and Scheimpflug camera database review for unilateral&#x0D; ODM patients were conducted. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV),&#x0D; anterior chamber angle (ACA) width, central corneal thickness (CCT), keratometry, pupilla diameter&#x0D; parameters of the eye with ODM (Group 1) was compared to the normal (Group 2) eye.&#x0D; Results: Sixteen patients with a mean age of 32.50±12.20 (range 12 and 48) were enrolled. No&#x0D; difference between groups were detected in terms of ACD, ACV, CCT, keratometry, pupilla diameter&#x0D; (p=0.655, p=0.812, p=0.131, p=0.434, p=0.325, p=0.509, respectively). Although ACA was lower in&#x0D; Group 1 the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.057).&#x0D; Conclusion: Although not statistically significant, there seems to be a tendency for shallow ACA&#x0D; readings in unilateral ODM eyes when compared to normal contralateral eyes. However, more studies&#x0D; with larger number of patients that evaluate this issue are needed.

Predicting future axial length in patients with paediatric cataract and primary intraocular lens implantation.

Creating a model to predict Axial Length (AL) growth in paediatric cataract and evaluating influence factors. Eyes with AL measured at surgery and at least one measurement after a 6-month period, from children with unilateral or bilateral cataract and primary IOL implantation, were evaluated. A "rate of axial length growth" (RALG) was calculated for every single eye using these AL measurements and log10 age. One average RALG was calculated for All Eyes and for the groups of Bilateral and Unilateral, Gender, Age at the Surgery, different Visual Acuity, Bilateral Excluded and Not-excluded eye, and Affected and Not-affected eye in unilateral, for comparisons. Average age at surgery from 76 children was 2.83 ± 2.74 (0.11-12.21) years with follow up of 2.84 ± 1.84 (0.52-8.17) years, 29 (37.66%) had unilateral cataract. A total of 357 AL measurements were used, average of 4.70 ± 2.13 (2-10) measurements per eye. The average RALG for all eyes was 4.51 ± 3.06. There were no RALG significant differences comparing Unilateral and Bilateral eyes (p = 0.51), Male and Female (p = 0.26), Age at Surgery <0.5 and >0.5 years old (p = 0.21), both eyes in Bilateral cases (p = 0.70) and Unilateral Affected and Not-affected eyes (p = 0.18). The equation Al = initial AL + slope × Log10 ((age + 0.6)⁄(initial age + 0.6)) estimates ALs in different ages. A model to predict AL growth in paediatric cataract was developed. Different studied factors did not significantly influence AL growth.