Uniform Temperature Distribution Research Articles

An investigation of the thermal performance of functionally graded annular fins on a horizontal cylinder under natural convection

ABSTRACT In industrial applications, annular fins are commonly made of homogeneous materials such as aluminum, struggling to provide uniform temperature distribution along their length. Recognizing the potential of Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) to enhance thermal performance by combining two different materials with a gradual variation, this study proposes their use as fin materials to achieve optimum performance. The study consists of three major components: (1) numerical analyses to determine the optimum volume composition of FG fins, (2) the fabrication process of aluminum and FG fins utilizing powder metallurgy and the hot-pressing technique, and (3) experiments to evaluate the thermal performance of FG and aluminum fin arrays attached to a horizontal cylinder of 250 mm length under natural convection. Heat ranging from 25 W to 150 W is applied to the cylinder during these experiments. Based on the experiments, the thermal performances of fins are evaluated in terms of net free convection heat transfer rate, the Nusselt number, and fin effectiveness. Overall, experimental results demonstrate that the net convection heat transfer rate depends on fin spacing, material, and the base-to-ambient temperature difference. Specifically, FG fin arrays enhance the net heat transfer rate by 59%, while aluminum fin arrays increase it by 33% compared to finless cylinders. Moreover, FG fins outperform aluminum fin arrays by 40% in convective heat transfer coefficient h. Due to being the first experimental study, this study sets itself apart.

Performance Evaluation of a Novel Cold Plate with Double-Layer Interdigitated Flow Channels for Battery Thermal Management

Working temperature is a non-negligible factor that determines the operating performance of lithium-ion batteries which are extensively used in vehicles and the energy storage industry. Therefore, it is essential to maintain the battery temperature within an acceptable range while minimizing power consumption and ensuring uniform temperature distribution. To achieve these goals, a novel cold plate design with double-layer interdigitated flow channels is proposed in this study for efficient prismatic battery thermal management. The newly proposed cold plate design outperforms the serpentine-channel based cold plate under the same working conditions, resulting in significant improvements in both battery temperature and pressure drop. Specifically, the maximum temperature and temperature difference were reduced by over 10%, while the power cost was reduced by approximately 50%. By considering different arrangements of inlet and outlet locations, 32 non-repeating designs of the cold plate flow paths were examined. Relatively good inlet and outlet layouts are determined by comparing battery thermal management metrics including the maximum temperature, temperature difference, uniform index, and pressure drop, as well as the overall performance factors that consider both the battery temperature and power cost. In addition, the effects of the inlet flow velocity are examined to determine the optimal design.

Innovative configurations for heat sink integrated with piezoelectric fans

Piezoelectric (PE) fans are gradually replacing conventional axial flow fans in the field of heat dissipation for microelectronics due to small size and high efficiency. However, the flow characteristic of PE fans was seldom considered when arranging heat sink fins, which could not utilize the fans’ advantages. Here, the design of fin arrangement based on the transient flow field generated by the vibration of dual PE fans in the channel was calculated and analyzed by CFD simulation and dynamic grid technology. Four zones with different flow field characteristics were found: Zones 1 and 4 which located inlet and outlet of the channel were Parallel flow zone. Zone 2 with vortices corresponds to the area ranges from the waist of blades to middle section of the channel was Multiple vortices flow zone. Zone 3 with high-speed vortices and jet flows corresponds to the area ranges from middle section of the channel to halfway downstream of blades region was Diffuse flow zone. Innovative configurations of heat sinks where fins arranged at the inlet and surrounding blades were designed according to the flow field characteristics: the loss of high-speed airflow to the inlet was prevented effectively and heat dissipation in the downstream heat sinks was dispersed by fins arranging in Parallel flow zone and Multiple vortices flow zone. The development and merging of high-speed vortices were strengthened by the inhomogeneous pin-fins arranging in Diffuse flow zone. The optimal coordination between the velocity field and the temperature gradient field among innovative configurations was found based on the field coordination analysis. Heat transfer performance was enhanced by new designs where the average temperature compared to conventional heat sink with PE fans was reduced by 16.7°. Our work provided a new fins arrangement to achieve uniform temperature distribution and high heat transfer performance for heat sink integrated with PE fans and would benefit the application in thermal management of high power devices integrated with PE fans.

Simulation of ambient temperature and humidity distribution in eight-span greenhouse under different wind conditions and corn height

The greenhouse environment suitable for crop growth usually depends on reasonable ventilation, and outdoor air flow state and indoor crop height are important factors affecting the ventilation effect. This study conducted simulation and experimental research on corn cultivation in an eight-span plastic greenhouse, analyzing the effects of outdoor wind speed, wind direction, and indoor crop height variations on the uniformity of temperature and relative humidity distribution as well as the air flow dynamics within the greenhouse. The study shows that as outdoor wind speed increases from 0.5 m/s to 2.5 m/s, for every 1 m/s increment, temperatures decrease by 2.2 °C and 0.9 °C, respectively. The increase in outdoor wind speed resulted in uniformity of greenhouse temperature and humidity along the vertical height, but exacerbated the degree of inhomogeneity in the east-west direction. The change in outdoor wind direction leads to differences in airflow direction and ventilation volume. On the south side of the greenhouse, while temperature is lower, the relative humidity is higher, with maximum differences in temperature and humidity between the north and south sides being 0.6 °C and 1.5 %, respectively, when the northeast wind blows. The east wind has the best cooling effect. The uneven degree of temperature and humidity distribution in the east and west direction of the greenhouse is positively correlated with crop height. This study can provide valuable insights for adjusting and optimizing natural ventilation strategies in large multi-span greenhouses.

A vertically non-uniform temperature approach for the friction term computation in depth-averaged viscoplastic lava flows

Recently, depth-averaged shallow flow models have been adapted to modelling liquefied lava flows, generally characterized by a marked temperature-dependent non-Newtonian rheology. Modelling these complex flows requires to include the effects of the depth-averaged temperature gradients in the governing equations. The most significant term to correctly predict the lava mobility is the flow resistance term, which is widely estimated using the linear viscoplastic Bingham model. This non-Newtonian model allows to relate the bed shear stress to the depth-averaged lava flow features by means of a cubic equation with analytical solution when assuming a uniform temperature distribution along the vertical profile. Nevertheless, the lava temperature is non-uniform along the vertical due to the heat transfer at the bottom and the free surface, and hence the classical cubic Bingham model is not valid anymore. In this work, a depth-averaged shallow flow model is adapted for realistic lava flows considering influence of the non-uniform vertical temperature profile in the non-Newtonian resistance. This requires to modify the rheological viscoplastic models for ensuring the coupling between flow dynamics and temperature evolution. Three non-uniform temperature vertical distributions are considered: linear, piece-wise and diffusion profiles. Synthetic tests are used to show the influence of the temperature vertical profile on the numerical results. Furthermore, laboratory experimental data are used to validate this novel viscoplastic resistance formulation and to show that the calibration of its parameters is possible.

Experimental research on wide load operation characteristics of circulating fluidized bed under the action of high-temperature activated gas-solid binary fuels

The circulating fluidized bed (CFB) units, with their robust combustion stability under low load conditions, are poised to play a significant role in future deep peak shaving of power grids. However, issues such as NOx emissions exceedance arise when the CFB unit operates for deep peak shaving. To mitigate these problems, this paper innovatively proposes a CFB coal blended with the high-temperature activated gas-solid binary fuel combustion mode to reduce the NOx emissions of the CFB across a wide load range. The wide load operation characteristics of the CFB under the action of high-temperature activated gas-solid binary fuel were initially examined on a 2 MW experimental platform. A comparison between the conventional combustion mode and the CFB coal blended with high-temperature activated gas-solid binary fuel combustion mode revealed that the latter improved the uniformity of temperature distribution within the CFB across a wide load range, particularly at lower loads. Furthermore, the CFB coal blended with high-temperature activated gas-solid binary fuel significantly reduced the original NOx emissions, decreasing from 136.9 mg/m3, 37.5 mg/m3, and 38.8 mg/m3 to 92.0 mg/m3, 24.7 mg/m3 and 20.6 mg/m3 at 100 %, 50 %, and 30 % load respectively, thereby achieving ultralow original NOx emissions during deep peak shaving operations. However, there is room for improvement in enhancing combustion efficiency using this combustion mode.

Design of an injera baking system using parabolic trough solar collectors at Mekelle University cafeteria

Injera baking poses a significant energy demand and strain on the national grid, requiring temperatures of 180–220 °C with traditional clay Mitads. This study aimed to design a solar thermal system to replace electrical baking energy at the Mekelle University student cafeteria. The system, designed for baking 11,000 Injera within a 6-h daily operation, comprises 92 Anodized aluminum plate Mitads heated by hot oil from an oil gallery, stored in a hot oil storage unit, and recharged via a parabolic trough solar collector. A heat exchanger and thermal storage system ensure efficient heat transfer and storage. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Soltrace analyses were conducted to assess temperature distribution on the baking pan and oil gallery surfaces, as well as solar thermal heat flux. Results revealed a heating capacity of 2.11 kW per Mitad, meeting the required capacity, and a system energy consumption of 1216.5 MJ per hour, achieving a thermal efficiency of 57.4 %. Baking Injera at higher temperatures, enabled by a uniform temperature distribution, yielded uniformly textured Injera with an optimal number of eye bubbles and prevented sticking to the Mitad. Consequently, this design offers a viable alternative for the energy-intensive application at the Mekelle University student cafeteria, providing valuable insights for future solar thermal Injera baking system designers.

Effect of defective cells on the temperature distribution of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks may encounter performance degradation or even damage during long-term operations, while the influence of defective cells on the stack performance still remains inadequately understood. In this study, the effect of defective cells on the stack temperature distribution was experimentally investigated. Two defective cells of different defect degrees were prepared by controlling hydrogen starvation time and quantitively characterized by the polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and galvanostatic charge method (GCM) tests. Results show that the presence of defective cells reduces the stack performance and the temperature distribution uniformity. The increment of stack temperature and decrement of stack temperature uniformity is more prominent (with 0.9 °C and 0.31 °C at 0.8 A cm−2, respectively) when the defective cell is located at central stack. The peak sub-cell regional temperature rise can even reach 2.9 °C. For defective cells with a relatively low degree of defect, the reverse current density is high, thus leading to an increased heat generation with the average sub-cell regional temperature increment of 0.5 °C and causing adjacent normal cells to operate at higher temperature. For defective cells with an excessive degree of defect, polarization reverse occurs at low current densities, resulting in significant voltage losses and reduced performance of the stack. The present results are insightful for developing thermal management strategies for the long-term operation of PEMFC stacks.

Effect of partition arrangement of metal hydrides and phase change materials on hydrogen absorption performance in the metal hydride reactor

Metal hydride (MH) suffers from strong thermal effects during hydrogen absorption. To fully utilize the reaction heat during hydrogen absorption, phase change material (PCM) can be used to achieve efficient thermal management in the reactor. A novel MH-PCM reactor with the partition arrangement of MH and PCM was proposed in this paper. Then, the two-dimensional multiphysics coupled model of the reactor was developed, and the effects of the number of partitions n, the mass of PCM and the hydrogen absorption pressure Pa on the hydrogen absorption performance were discussed detailedly. The results indicated that the novel MH-PCM reactor not only increases the heat transfer area and boots the hydrogen absorption rate, but also improves the uniformity of temperature distribution. As the n increases from 2 to 5, the hydrogen absorption time gradually shortens. Compared to the conventional MH-PCM reactor, the time for 90% hydrogen absorption shortens by 67.13%. Furthermore, the hydrogen absorption rate can be enhanced with the increasing mass of PCM and Pa. However, the larger these values are, the weaker the enhancement effect becomes. The results of this paper may provide a new direction for the optimized design and engineering application of MH-PCM reactors.

Entropy generation in newtonian vs non-newtonian nanofluid flow under vibration

Numerical investigation into the effects of vibration on heat transfer and entropy generation in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian nanofluid flows through pipes reveals enhanced heat transfer via intensified fluid agitation and improved particle dispersion. Thermal entropy generation analysis shows reduced irreversibility in vibrated flow, indicating improved flow mixing. Vibration enhances heat transfer by intensifying fluid agitation and promoting particle dispersion near the wall, resulting in a significantly more uniform temperature distribution along the pipe, approximately 100 times more than steady-state flow. This study underscores vibration’s potential to optimize heat transfer and reduce entropy generation in nanofluid systems, emphasizing velocity and rheological impacts. Comparison of vibrated flow to steady-state flow for Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids reveals significant improvements under vibration, particularly at lower Reynolds numbers where non-Newtonian fluids exhibit pronounced effects. Future research directions include exploring thermal radiation’s impact on entropy generation, analyzing different nanofluid compositions, and investigating varied boundary conditions and geometries to advance understanding in this field. This study provides valuable insights into the complex interplay among vibration, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer in nanofluid flows. Its findings have practical implications for optimizing thermal management systems in diverse engineering applications.

A Multivariable Numerical Investigation of Wavy-Based Microchannel Heat Sink Geometry Towards Optimal Thermal Performance

Abstract This research provides a comprehensive multivariable comparative investigation of the effect of various microchannel configurations on their thermal performance. Three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer simulations are performed with different arrangements of the channel's width tapering and cross-sectional aspect ratio with an emphasis on the synergistic proven effects of geometrical parameters in innovatory combinations. Results confirm that wavy channels are significantly superior to straight channels in terms of thermal performance due to the creation of secondary flow (Dean Vortices), which improves the processes of advective mixing and, therefore, overall heat transfer characteristics with minimal pumping power penalty. Width-tapering of wavy channels also shows better thermal resistance than untapered wavy channels producing almost 10 percent thermal resistance improvement. The study indicates a significant dependency of thermal performance on the cross-sectional aspect ratio of the channel which suggests that there are ideal tapering and aspect ratio conditions. An innovative wavy-tapered microchannel heat sink has been introduced, featuring an optimal parametric configuration and directionally alternating coolant flow. This design results in additional thermal resistance improvement by 15% and significantly improves substrate temperature distribution uniformity. Overall, the results demonstrate the superior potential of the configuration for high-end electronics cooling tasks. These results provide interpretive insight into microchannel heat sink design and optimization.

Theoretical investigation of height and width tapered microchannel cooling systems for ultra-high concentrator photovoltaic thermal hybrids

This paper explores the utilisation of horizontally and vertically converging microchannel heat sinks for cooling concentrator photovoltaic systems. These are compared to a straight microchannel, which is used as the control test. The primary performance parameters considered are the system's energy and exergetic efficiency and the thermal stresses generated in the solar cell. Horizontally converging channels yield more uniform temperature distributions, but the peak and average thermal stress generation increased due to the higher cell temperature. Conversely, vertically converging channels demonstrated a reduction in thermal stress generation. However, channels which converge more sharply require a substantial increase in pumping power for the same cooling-fluid flow rate which negatively impacts energy and exergetic efficiency. Notably, the control design for straight microchannels is specified to have the same manufacture difficulty across configurations, which is an often-overlooked aspect.The evaluation incorporates two irradiance profiles from concentrator optics to enhance the applicability of results. The straight microchannel structure and the vertically converging channel with a taper ratio of 0.75 are identified as the most applicable for concentrator photovoltaic application. The outcomes provide valuable insights on heat sink design and sheds light on the trade-offs between thermal performance, energy efficiency and manufacturability.

The study on the coupled influence of water saturation on heat and mass transfer processes within porous media under CW laser irradiation

Continuous wave (CW) laser irradiation induces temperature changes in various phases within porous media, accompanied by phase change and gas transport. Water saturation is a crucial factor influencing this context's moisture and heat transfer process. This paper addresses this issue by establishing a theoretical model for CW laser irradiation on unsaturated porous media. Through experiments and simulations, it studies the effects of different water saturations on heat and mass transfer under laser irradiation. The results indicate that the critical depth reflects the influence of water saturation under laser irradiation on the distribution of solid-phase temperature in both time and space dimensions. Specifically, an increase in water saturation enhances the uniformity of solid-phase temperature distribution, while the gas temperature exhibits a similar distribution pattern. For mass transfer processes, it increases the evaporation rate and Darcy velocity of porous media within the effective range of laser irradiation. Lower water saturation facilitates phase change processes and accelerates gas transport rates. Importantly, this trend remains consistent even with the emergence of dry-saturation zones. Additionally, the decrease in water saturation has a coupled promoting effect on gas temperature and mass transfer processes. Lowering water saturation can increase gas temperature and consequently enhance mass transfer processes. Simultaneously, enhancing mass transfer processes benefits heat exchange between the two phases. In the four sets of experiments, the conformity of the surface temperature rise curves obtained from experiments and simulations is good, indicating that the model can accurately reflect the temperature rise patterns of sand particles. In summary, this work provides valuable research results on the effects of different water saturations on laser irradiation-induced temperature rise, phase change, and gas and moisture transport within porous media. It lays a specific theoretical foundation for laser soil remediation technology.

CFD design and testing of an air flow distribution device for microwave infrared hot-air rolling-bed dryer

In this study, a new microwave infrared hot air rolling bed dryer (MIHRBD) was developed and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques were introduced into the design process of the integrated drying system. The structure of the air distribution device was optimised to improve the airflow uniformity over the curved surface of the rolling bed in the microwave-hot air drying combined equipment. The research findings reveal that, across eleven models, the outlet airflow velocity stabilises once the number of mesh elements reaches 5 million, achieving significant computational accuracy at that point. Optimizing components like the uniform air distribution pipe, turbulence plates, and wind deflectors significantly enhanced airflow distribution uniformity by 52.1%. The best airflow and temperature distribution uniformity on the rolling bed surface was achieved when the inlet airflow velocity ranged from 1 to 3 m s−1, with minimum Vd, Uv and temperature non-uniformity coefficients of 0.007 m s−1, 7.2% and 0.2%, respectively. Validation tests on the MIHRBD pilot equipment showed that after optimizing the uniform air distribution device, the minimum temperature difference on the pleurotus eryngii surface was 3.1 °C. This confirmed the feasibility of the computational fluid dynamics method. Introducing hot air significantly enhanced pleurotus eryngii's drying uniformity, with the Page model effectively predicting the MIHRBD drying process. This study provides technical support for future developments in this field of equipment manufacturing and drying process analysis.

Optimal condition design of cannabis drying for vacuum heat pump dryer using computational fluid dynamic method interaction with heat transfer

Utilizing low temperatures and short drying cycles, the vacuum heat pump dryer (VHPD) is ideal for cannabis drying due to the plant's sensitivity to heat and light. To achieve uniform drying and maintain cannabis quality, it is essential to design the dryer with an efficient temperature distribution throughout the drying chamber. CFD models are developed in this study to simulate various scenarios within the VHPD system. The optimization of pressure and temperature is carried out using a systematic approach with the Latin Hypercube Sampling experimental design. This method generates twenty pairs of values for the pressure and temperature variables, confined to ranges of 20–40 kPa and 30–45 °C, respectively. To confirm the simulation results, an experimental study is performed using a VHPD designed from insights gained through a detailed CFD analysis. The conditions of 20.2 kPa at 31.6 °C are considered optimal due to their more uniform temperature distribution and lower static enthalpy relative to other conditions. The temperature in the upper chamber is maintained slightly lower, within the range of 30.5–31.5 °C. Furthermore, the airflow distribution demonstrates uniform movement within the central region of the chamber, with velocities ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 m/s. The simulated temperature results demonstrated a strong correlation with a temperature difference in the range of 0–0.05 °C, evidenced by an RMSE of 0.0191. The VHPD successfully dries 18 kg of fresh cannabis in 180 min, reaching the desired moisture content range of 10–14 % on a dry basis.

Flue gas waste heat thermoelectric generator: Laboratory experiment and demonstration application

Promoting the efficiency of internal-combustion engine has great benefits, including low fuel-consumption rate and environmental friendliness. Flue gas waste heat thermoelectric generator (TEG) is such a promising solution owning to its solid-state energy conversion and structural simplicity. In this work, a novel heat collection enhancing strategy is first proposed to improve the uniformity of hot-end temperature distribution, which greatly augments the power generation performance under limited pressure drops. A flue gas waste heat TEG unit with 24 TE modules is able to generate an electric power of 103 W under the pressure drop of 375 Pa. The corresponding heat collection, TE, and overall efficiencies of the TEG unit are 36.53 %, 4.30 %, and 1.58 %, respectively. Several important parameters, including flue gas inlet temperature, cooling intensity, cooling mode, and TEG unit arrangement are explored in detail. A demonstration application of an 8-unit waste heat TEG is installed in an 800-ton inland waterway vessel on China's Grand Canal, and the waterway vessel is put into service for over three months. The generated electric power varies between 23.3 W and 463 W, and the average electric power is 177.6 W during the trip.

Analysis of natural convection heat transfer in a rectangular cavity with discrete heat flux: Implications for building thermal management using artificial neural networks

This study numerically investigates free convection within a rectangular air-filled cavity, simulating real-romm conditions. The top, bottom, and one sidewall are at constant temperatures, while the opposite sidewall has a constant discrete heat flux, akin to heater appliances. The impact of heating intensity, length, and position on temperature distribution is explored. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are utilized to correlate the average Nusselt number, providing a model for engineering applications in building thermal management. The dataset includes 2436 simulation runs with varying parameter: Rayleigh number (103 to 106), aspect ratio (0.5 to 2), heating surface length (0.1 to 1), and elevation (0.05 to 0.95). Results show increased Rayleigh numbers intensify the stream function and promote uniform temperature distribution. The elevation of the heating surface influences temperature distribution, with placement closer to the floor or ceiling optimizing heat transfer. ANN modeling predicts the average Nusselt number with high precision (±3%).

Extended applications of the small-scale radio frequency system for improving the heating performance of multi-component rice

With the changing lifestyles and the rapid development of the prepared food industry, there are many different multi-component rice-based foods on the market today. Further, manufacturers of multi-component foods prepare different types of rice products and provide them to markets and restaurants. In this study, the multi-component rice was heated by a self-built small 50 Ω, 13.56 MHz radio frequency (RF) heating system to explore the effective scheme for improving heating uniformity. The dielectric properties (DPs) of the single-component material (cooked rice, carrot, and sausage) were first measured and the heating rates were recorded at a selected input power level of 500 W and electrode gap of 80 mm. Based on the above results and the occurrence of edge effect, three types (I, II, and III) of the multi-component test samples were designed to compare the heating performances and the quality changes after RF treatment with three different electrode gaps (70, 80, and 90 mm). Results demonstrated that the Type-I sample arrangement resulted in a relatively shorter treatment time and a lower heating uniformity index as compared to the other two sample arrangements (Types of II and III). It also resulted in a more uniform temperature distribution and better-quality retention than that was possible with the single-component treatment. Thus, the layered scheme (Type-I) based on the DPs of the material could effectively improve the RF heating uniformity of multi-component food.

Deep learning assisted anode porous transport layer inverse design for proton exchange membrane water electrolysis

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis cell (PEMEC) offers a clean and promising way for hydrogen production. The spatial internal current density and temperature distribution uniformity significantly determines its reliability and durability, as well as the hydrogen production performance. Here, a non-isothermal 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for PEMEC with parallel flow fields is employed to investigate the impacts of the heterogeneous porosity distribution within the anode porous transport layer (APTL) on the internal current density and temperature distribution uniformity and energy conversion performance. 800 heterogeneous APTL porosity distributions are applied for CFD calculation, providing dataset for deep learning. The deep operator network (DeepONet) is employed to mapping the heterogeneous APTL porosity distribution to the real physical fields such as temperature, oxygen molar fraction and current density distribution fields. Full-connected neural network is employed to construct the relationship between the heterogeneous APTL porosity distribution to the performance metrics. The gradient descent algorithm is applied to obtain APTL porosity distributions corresponding to the optimal internal current density and temperature distribution uniformity, respectively. Compared with the uniform porosity distribution, the current density and temperature uniformity are improved by 45.544 % and 26.680 %, respectively, at an average APTL porosity of 0.5.

Design and performance optimization of solar pyrolysis reactor for organic impurities in waste salt

The efficient removal of organic impurities in waste salt is significant for its recycling and environmental protection. In present paper, a solar pyrolysis reactor is proposed by integrating the parabolic trough concentrator (PTC) and solar reactor (SR). The results demonstrate that organic impurities react completely in 1290.7 s, and the thermal efficiency is up to 89.90 % at the initial temperature of 293.15 K and the reactor radius of 32 mm. However, the temperature difference (ΔT) in reactor is over 110 K. Based on this, the effects of initial temperature and reactor radius on pyrolysis results are explored. To improve the uniformity of temperature distribution and pyrolysis performance, a new pitchfork-shaped fin has been designed. Compared with no fins, the ΔT and reaction time are reduced by 54.99 % and 24.36 %, and the thermal efficiency is improved by 6.47 %. In comparison to traditional star-shaped fins, the ΔT is reduced by 13.1 %. Then, to further enhance the comprehensive performance of pitchfork-shaped fins, optimization on fin structure parameters is performed and validated. After optimization, the ΔT and reaction time are further reduced by 10.27 % and 2.3 %. The present work demonstrates that the PTC-SR is feasible for the efficient removal of organic impurities in waste salts, which is significant for the recycling and utilization of waste salt.