Unity Of Science Research Articles

Unveiling the intellectual nexus between Peirce’s synechism and Goldratt’s theory of constraints: insights for management and organization studies

Purpose Charles Sanders Peirce (1839–1914), recognized as the father of philosophical pragmatism, has been described as a philosopher’s philosopher. Eliyahu Moshe Goldratt (1947–2011), considered the father of the management philosophy theory of constraints (TOC), has been described as being, first and foremost, a philosopher. The TOC body of knowledge is mainly preserved as concrete methodologies used in the management discipline. By examining the foundational elements of synechism and the TOC, the purpose of this study is to investigate the intellectual connections between the arguments and legacies of Goldratt and Peirce. Although this connection is worthy of much further investigation, the research emphasizes the possible implications from a management philosophy perspective. Design/methodology/approach Based on a “review with an attitude,” the authors first examined the foundations of Goldratt’s TOC through the lens of Peirce’s synechism. Next, the authors then examined how the study of Peirce combined with a selection of contemporary research in the management and organizational studies domain could point out a direction toward completing Goldratt’s unfinished intellectual work to establish a unified science management while addressing some of the current gaps in the TOC body of knowledge. Findings Major findings show that synechism’s growth may extend TOC knowledge, improving managerial practice in organizations. Findings on the convergent ideas of both also reveal that Goldratt valued all synechism categories, emphasizing the importance of not overlooking Firstness. Furthermore, the study analyzes the abductive inference demonstrated in the two use cases, introducing an additional metaphor to the management of organizational systems inspired by Peirce’s philosophical concepts. The research concludes that incorporating TOC and synechism principles can enhance management and organizational practices and enrich management philosophy and theories. Research limitations/implications This pioneering research opens promising opportunities to draw parallels between Peirce and Goldratt. Interdisciplinary collaboration will enhance the rigor and validity of integrating synechism and TOC. Experts in organizational behavior, systems theory and complexity science can provide valuable insights into this debate, while practitioners and consultants could help identify barriers and opportunities for integrating synechistic principles. Practical implications The study proposes a novel abductive approach using Peirce’s cable metaphor as an initial framework to build a unified science of management based on evolutionary stages: TOC, common sense and connectedness. Originality/value This research reinforces the argument that contemporary management practices need philosophical thinking. The authors argue that re-evaluating the foundations of management thought enriches the decision-making process in organizations and the understanding of contemporary theories in management and organizational studies.

Development of Standard Assessment for Understanding Green Chemistry Principles Based on Unity of Science

Understanding green chemistry is a crucial aspect for chemistry teacher graduates, as it equips them with the knowledge and skills to promote sustainable practices, minimize environmental impact, and inspire the next generation of students to engage in eco-friendly scientific innovation. This research is dedicated to developing a standard assessment for understanding Green Chemistry based on the Unity of Science (UoS), which is grouped into three categories: reagents, reaction processes, and reaction products. The research uses a mixed methods design with a triangulation model. A significant part of the research process is the validation of the feasibility of the instrument developed, which was done by five chemical experts. The multi-rater responses obtained were then analyzed using the feasibility criteria of the processed Rasch results. In the trial process, 40 students from the Chemistry Education program were selected as research subjects. The results showed that the reliability of the questions was 0.87, with an item separation level of 2.54. This reliability value of 0.87 indicates that the developed questions are of excellent quality and can be used as a standard for measuring understanding of Green Chemistry based on Unity of Science.

Research trends in memes: insights from bibliometric analysis

Purpose The growth of social media globally has led to brands adopting memes as a tool for communication. They have influenced digital culture, politics and marketing. This study aims to highlight the research gap in meme literature by profiling and science mapping. Design/methodology/approach This study has performed a bibliometric analysis of research papers on memes from the Scopus database. The authors profiled the literature and found the most relevant journal, author and document. Science mapping techniques such as thematic analysis, thematic evolution and co-citation of papers with content analysis were used. Findings Profiling of literature revealed that the most relevant journal, based on a number of papers and citations, is New Media and Society. The top researcher on memes is Shiffman L (seven papers), and the most cited author is Menczer F (717 citations). The paper titled “Towards A Unified Science of Cultural Evolution” has the highest number of citations (402). Thematic mapping revealed “Social Movements” and “Twitter” are the currently trending themes. The co-citation analysis clustered the literature into two. The first cluster elucidates the theoretical underpinnings of memes, while the second cluster explicates the various contexts in which memes are studied. Practical implications This study will be vital to researchers hoping to study internet memes by providing directions for future research. Furthermore, the insights from this study will enable social media managers to use memes effectively. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study seems to be the first to use bibliometric analysis to profile and map meme literature. This study provides a new perspective for meme researchers to explore memes and suggests marketers implement novel meme-based strategies in their marketing communications.

Philosophies Teori Konsep Keperawatan Jean Watson Caring

Background: Jean Watson nurse theorist and nursing professor known for the “Philosophy and Theory of Transpersonal Care.” She has also written many books, including Nursing: The Philosophy and Science of Caring. Watson's studies of caring have been integrated into education and patient care in nursing schools and healthcare facilities around the world. Jean Watson was born Margaret Jean Harmon and raised in Welch, West Virginia, Watson is known for seeing the unified science of caring, examining the role of the nurse through the lens of a worldview of harmony, belonging, and connection. In caring theory, values, knowledge and caring practices are integrated with the healing process from within and the patient's life experiences, thus requiring the art of healing-care and a framework called carative factors. These factors are complementary, but different from curative factors. Curative is developed by doctors, while carative is developed by nurses. Caring behavior can determine the moral values ??of nurses. In addition, caring behavior in nursing care can determine the level of client satisfaction in receiving health services. It can be said that caring is a wholehearted attitude or behavior given by a nurse to a client with a sense of care, attention and attention to the patient's emotions to create a therapeutic relationship. This causes patients to feel comfortable, safe and relieved because of the reduction in stress they feel due to suffering from an illness.

Comments on Gabriele Gava, Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason and the Method of Metaphysics

Abstract I raise three objections for Gava’s thesis that the primary task of the Critique of Pure Reason is to develop a doctrine of method for metaphysics, understood as an account of the special kind of unity that a body of cognitions must exhibit to count as a science. First, I argue that this thesis has difficulty accommodating Kant’s concern with explaining the possibility of synthetic a priori judgements. This concern is motivated by a question that is prior to the issue of scientific unity. Second, I argue that the context of the passage in which Kant calls the Critique a treatise on method makes clear that the remark concerns the Copernican Turn. This suggests that the method treated in the book is the procedure required by the Copernican Turn. Third, I dispute Gava’s claim that the idea that confers unity on metaphysics is the cosmopolitan concept of philosophy.

Obesity Current Research and Future Hope

Obesity is an all-encompassing community health concern characterized by overconsumption of carcass fat, superior to adverse strength effects, containing cardiovascular ailments, diabetes, and various cancers. This abstract supports a short survey of current research styles and future prospects in the battle against obesity. Current research exertions are directed at understanding the complex interaction of historical, environmental, and behavioral determinants relating to corpulence. Genetic studies have identified abundant susceptibleness genes, peeling away the hereditary facets of corpulence. Meanwhile, material determinants such as obesogenic diets and lazy behaviors stretch to be key extents of investigation. Novel healing attacks and behavior qualification strategies are energetically being examined. Approaches involve the growth of anti-corpulence drugs, bariatric abscission, and attacks address gut micro biota. Promising findings are arising in the fields of accuracy, cure, personalized digestive approvals, plant structure, and individualized absorption. The future hope in the fight against corpulence lies in the unification of science and mathematical strength tools. Mobile devices, wearable devices, and telehealth manifestos offer creative ways to monitor and control corpulence. The big dossier science of logical analysis and artificial intelligence can help healthcare providers and cases form cognizant resolutions for personalized burden administration.

Cognitive Science, Phenomenology, and the Unity of Science

Cognitive Science, Phenomenology, and the Unity of Science

Hacking on Unity, or How to Pluralize the History and Philosophy of the Sciences

In this paper, we analyze Ian Hacking’s conception of unity regarding the sciences and try to use his categorization to reinterpret some of the major unitarian philosophies of science of the twentieth century. In two of his papers, Hacking (1992a, 1996) proposed a dual notion of unity – “singleness” and “harmonious integration” –, which, although apparently simple, help us complexify the very notion of unity and its counterpart, plurality. To do so, and after a short review of unity qua ideology (section 2), we shall look into Hacking’s classification of unities and its relation to plurality in the sciences (section 3); then, we shall describe and qualify the notions of scientific unity in some of the most relevant philosophies of science (section 4); finally (section 5), we shall use this analysis to engage with and criticize the notion of “special sciences” and its relationship to the notion of “general science”. One of the main conclusions will be that a pluralist conception of unity is possible through the notion of integration.

УГОЛЬНАЯ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТЬ РОССИИ НА ПУТИ РЕФОРМ: О ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ЮРИЯ НИКОЛАЕВИЧА МАЛЫШЕВА В КОМПАНИИ «РОСУГОЛЬ»

Yury Malyshev was the first and the only head of the state Rosugol enterprise (later – JSC) during the re-structuring of the coal industry. At the time, Yu.N. Malyshev demonstrated the highest level of responsibility, professionalism, unity of science and practice, experience, and young vigor, and the best human qualities in relation with colleagues an all the miners around the country.

The landscape of integrative pluralism

In this essay, I revisit and extend my arguments for a view of science that is pluralistic, perspectival and pragmatist. I attempt to resolve mismatches between metaphysical assumptions, epistemological desiderata, and scientific practice. I consider long-held views about unity of science and reductionism, emergent properties and physicalism, exceptionless necessity in explanatory laws, and in the justification for realism. My solutions appeal to the partiality of representation, the perspectivism of theories and data, and the interactive co-construction of warranted claims for realism.

The Platonism of Modern Physical Science: Historical Roots and “Rational Reconstruction”

AbstractPerhaps the most influential historian of science of the last century, Alexandre Koyré, famously argued that the icon of modern science, Galileo Galilei, was a Platonist who had hardly performed experiments. Koyré has been followed by other historians and philosophers of science. In addition, it is not difficult to find examples of Platonists in contemporary science, in particular in the physical sciences. A famous example is the icon of twenty century physics, Albert Einstein. This paper addresses two questions related to the Platonism of modern physical science. The first is: How is Galileo’s Platonism compatible with the fact that he did perform experiments? The solution to this apparent paradox can be found in Plato’s late dialogue Timaeus. In the dialogue the world has been created by a divine craftsman according to an original plan. The task of the scientist is not primarily to describe the material world, but to reconstruct the original plan. This view has later been known as “God’s Eye View”. The second question is: If a God’s Eye View is unattainable, how is it possible to give a “rational reconstruction” of Galileo’s Platonism? The key-word is idealisation. It is further argued that idealisation is intimately related to technology. Technology is required to realize ideal experimental conditions, and the results are in its turn implemented in technology. The implication is that the quest for unity in science, based on physics as the basic science, should be replaced by the recognition of the diversity of the sciences.

Religion and science in the modern world: a look at the problem from the side of religious denominations.

The subject of the study is the attitude of representatives of the main religious denominations of modern Russia to science. The purpose of the study is to determine the presence and degree of conflict between religious organizations and the scientific community, as well as to study the possibilities of their interaction. The research method is an expert survey, which was conducted in the form of an in-depth interview. The interviewed experts, who have ordained, as well as secular and religious education, represented the main religious organizations registered in Russian Federation: the Russian Orthodox Church, Evangelical Christians, the Roman Catholic Church, the Spiritual Administration of Muslims in Moscow, the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia, the Buddhist Traditional Sangha of Russia, the International Society of Krishna Consciousness, etc. The novelty of the research consists in clarifying the attitude of representatives of religious denominations to the relationship between religion and science, designated as positions of conflict, independence, dialogue and synthesis. The definition of these positions shows how ready religious organizations are to cooperate with science, which forms of it are acceptable to them, as well as which factors contribute to this and which ones hinder it. The analysis of the results showed that the most common positions in assessing the relationship between religion and science are the positions of independence and dialogue. From the point of view of most experts, these independent spheres of knowledge and human activity can complement each other, including in the field of worldview ideas. The positions of conflict and synthesis are less popular, but about a quarter of respondents are supporters of both conflict confrontation and, conversely, the unity of science and religion. At the same time, there was no pronounced ideological conflict, since the majority of respondents is not only familiar with, but also agrees with a number of scientific ideas about the world.

Понятие субъектов предпринимательского права: проблемы теоретического обоснования и классификации

Understanding the subject composition of business law is a consequence of the difficulty in defining the sub-ject matter of this branch of legal science. Since the subject of business law is not legally fixed, the composition of relations attributable to this branch is the object of constant discussions. To date, there is no universally rec-ognized concept of the subject of entrepreneurial law in science, various author’s interpretations prevail, mak-ing it difficult to study the concept of the subject and the criteria for attributing certain subjects to the number of participants in entrepreneurial relations. The author of this article, analyzing the most famous concepts of the subject of entrepreneurial law, formulated by prominent domestic scientists in this field, concludes that there is no unity in science regarding the interpretation of the basic categories of entrepreneurial law, which makes it difficult to institutionalize the industry as an independent unit of the Russian legal system. The work uses gen-eral scientific methods of research, the main subject of study is doctrinal sources of entrepreneurial law.

A Pragmatist Reboot of William Whewell’s Theory of Scientific Progress

Abstract William Whewell’s philosophy of science is often overlooked as a relic of 19th century Whiggism. I argue however that his view – suitably modified – can contribute to contemporary philosophy of science, particularly to debates around scientific progress. The reason Whewell’s view needs modification is that he makes the following problematic claim: as science progresses, it reveals necessarily truths and thereby grants a glimpse of the mind of God. Modifying Whewell’s view will involve reinventing his notion of necessary truth as the pragmatist notion of superassertibility. And, if scientific progress does not uncover necessary truths, then it does not reveal the mind of God. The result is an outline of an account of scientific progress that is piecemeal and fallibilist in nature, yet at the same time maintains key Whewellian themes of consilience and the unity of science.

International and national significance of the realization (implementation) of the norms of international law

The article deals with the most important theoretical and practical issues of the realization (implementation) of international law, examines the concepts, forms and content of the realization (implementation) of international law, finds out the reasons that affect the inefficiency of international law. It is noted that the realization (implementation) of the norms of international law includes two levels: international (collective activity of states) and national (individual activity of the state). Particular attention is paid to the importance of the implementation of the norms of international law and their primacy both over domestic law and over politics in international relations. It is mentioned that in international law the UN Charter enshrined the principle of conscientious observance of international obligations (pacta sunt servanda), which extends its effect to all norms, regardless of functions, purpose, form of expression. According to this principle, each state must fulfill in good faith its obligations arising from the generally recognized principles and norms of international law and specific international treaties. The article argues that this principle is mandatory not only in relations between states, but also extends to the sphere of national law in the context of the implementation of international law. The article emphasizes that in modern conditions the solution of global problems of peace, the stability of the international order, as well as the solution of many domestic problems in the literal sense depends on the effectiveness of international law. An opinion is expressed about the need to develop a unified science of the law of both domestic and international law. Since, just as it is correctly noted in the legal literature, the issues of the realization (implementation) of international law are shifted from the international to the national sphere, due to the fact that a significant number of international legal norms are intended for final implementation within states. Such a statement is true in relation to all branches of international law, in particular in the field of human rights and the protection of the environment. It is indicated that in order to fulfill international obligations, it is required from the state on a national level to ensure the harmonization of their laws and practices with obligations under international law.

A unified science of matter, life and evolution.

We are accustomed to looking at matter, life and evolution from different viewpoints. In this article, we present a simple but unified theoretical framework inspired by classical mechanics and thermodynamics. Our framework generalizes Newton's third law of matter to encompass life and evolution. The generalized action-reaction relationship includes scale and temporal parameters. This generalization helps explain why life is a system out of equilibrium. Life can go beyond the action-reaction symmetry law of matter. We define life as an open system that is self-aware of the time trajectory of energy state and environment. The theoretical framework we propose for studying life in terms of power reduces to the science of matter as a limiting case. This article is part of the theme issue 'Thermodynamics 2.0: Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 1)'.

Overview of ICARUS-A Curated, Open Access, Online Repository for Atmospheric Simulation Chamber Data.

Atmospheric simulation chambers continue to be indispensable tools for research in the atmospheric sciences. Insights from chamber studies are integrated into atmospheric chemical transport models, which are used for science-informed policy decisions. However, a centralized data management and access infrastructure for their scientific products had not been available in the United States and many parts of the world. ICARUS (Integrated Chamber Atmospheric data Repository for Unified Science) is an open access, searchable, web-based infrastructure for storing, sharing, discovering, and utilizing atmospheric chamber data [https://icarus.ucdavis.edu]. ICARUS has two parts: a data intake portal and a search and discovery portal. Data in ICARUS are curated, uniform, interactive, indexed on popular search engines, mirrored by other repositories, version-tracked, vocabulary-controlled, and citable. ICARUS hosts both legacy data and new data in compliance with open access data mandates. Targeted data discovery is available based on key experimental parameters, including organic reactants and mixtures that are managed using the PubChem chemical database, oxidant information, nitrogen oxide (NOx) content, alkylperoxy radical (RO2) fate, seed particle information, environmental conditions, and reaction categories. A discipline-specific repository such as ICARUS with high amounts of metadata works to support the evaluation and revision of atmospheric model mechanisms, intercomparison of data and models, and the development of new model frameworks that can have more predictive power in the current and future atmosphere. The open accessibility and interactive nature of ICARUS data may also be useful for teaching, data mining, and training machine learning models.

Balzac et les géographes : reconversion d’un discours scientifique

The paper is an attempt at showing how the mentions and quotations of contemporary geographic discourses inserted in the Balzacian texts and paratexts are there to outline the features of a new novelistic æsthetic. We will start from the following observation: the Balzacian novel and its encyclopedic ambition are contemporaneous with the first attempts of some geographers to found a unified science from a diversified set of knowledges and practices. Therefore, modern geography may appear as an adversary of Balzac’s own ambition of totalization and we will show that geographic discourse, rather than being a model for him as other scientific discourses are, is distorted in his novels, deprived of its epistemological value and reduced to a science without knowledge.

Metaphors in psychoanalytic theory – Do we need them?

The author questions Wallerstein’s conviction that psychoanalytic concepts are “scientific metaphors.” If one were to adopt his view, psychoanalysis would fall into line with Lakoff and Johnson′s thesis that the conceptual system of our thoughts and actions is basically metaphorically structured. The author rejects both their views by demonstrating how the system inherent in our conceptual structure works, and disproving Lakoff and Johnson’s thesis as an assertion. In his view, if psychoanalytic concepts are understood as metaphors without defining their target domains, they lose their cognitive function and allow general metaphors to be understood in a whole variety of ways. The author suspects that this metaphorization of psychoanalytic concepts serves to suggest that psychoanalysis has a unified theory which would guarantee the community’s scientific unity, despite the theoretical and therapeutic pluralism that currently prevails.

Направления цифровой трансформации научной и образовательной деятельности

The article discusses the current directions of digital transformation of scientific and educational activities. In 2021, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education developed a Strategy for the Digital Transformation of Science and Higher Education, which is aimed at achieving digital maturity as the basis for strategic development and digital transformation of scientific organizations and educational institutions of higher education. Five main directions of digital transformation of science and higher education are presented: architecture of digital transformation; development of digital services; data management; infrastructure modernization; human resources management. Additionally, seven more subprojects have been identified: datahab; data management system for science and higher education; digital transformation architecture; digital university; unified science service platform; software and hardware marketplace; digital education; service hub. The Strategy of Digital Transformation of the branch of science and higher education reflects the focus on digital interaction of information systems, their interconnectedness, subordination and unity of work in relation to scientific and educational organizations of higher education. One of the vectors of digital transformation at present is a certain shift in its focus, which consists not only in digitalization of various processes and types of professional activity, but also in changing and transforming digital interaction systems. The key aspects of the digital transformation of science and education are new, in their content, directions and models of activity, which are based on the synthesis of constantly updated digital solutions and services, opportunities for continuing professional education and development for specialists, the availability of conditions for organizing digital changes, support and coordination of effective communication between participants in digital transformation projects within the framework of professional interaction.