Unified Assessment System Research Articles

A Systematic Literature Review on Energy Efficiency Analysis of Building Energy Management

Government agencies, energy consumers, and other societal groups have all shown concern and attention for the energy management of buildings. Relevant statistical data, however, indicate that most public buildings continue to consume large amounts of energy overall and that the issues of low energy usage and energy waste have not materially improved. As a result, this study reviewed the state of progress and potential directions for future research in the field of building energy management in public buildings using a data-driven approach. Relevant studies were obtained from three databases—Web of Science, Scopus, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure—based on certain search phrases. The text mining program VOS viewer was then used to examine the material. We provide a thorough examination of the study techniques and material, as well as a visual representation of the keywords and current state of the field. According to this study, the range of data processing outcomes; the flexibility of research system standards; and the availability of a comprehensive, unified assessment system are the main factors contributing to the practical issues facing building energy management today. Based on the geographic distribution and state of energy development, this study is the first to examine possible research avenues for building energy management in public buildings through cross-fusion research on passive energy-saving design and subjective behavioral energy-saving. It offers a foundation for developing the building energy management system best practice model in the future.

Life-Cycle Cost Assessment of the Base-Isolated-Reinforced Concrete Structure

Seismic isolation structures have excellent seismic mitigation effects, but implementing isolation measures may increase the initial cost of the structure. This paper presents a method to calculate the seismic loss and assess the life-cycle cost of isolated structures, which is convenient for owners to make decisions. The life-cycle cost assessment model is divided into two parts: initial cost assessment and seismic loss assessment over life-cycle period. Among them, the assessment method of the isolation layer is proposed, including the cost assessment of isolation bearings and dampers. The assessment method of seismic loss considers direct loss, indirect loss, casualties and integrating casualties into a unified assessment system. Direct loss includes building loss, indirect loss includes rental loss, relocation loss, income loss, personal property loss and business inventory loss. The seismic loss model is associated with seismic damage probability, which is obtained through seismic vulnerability and seismic probability risk assessment. The 8-story base-isolated-reinforced concrete structure illustrates the feasibility of the life-cycle-cost assessment model. The example shows that the initial cost of the isolated structure exceeds that of the nonisolated structure, however, the rental loss, income loss, personal property loss and casualties are much lower than those of nonisolated structures. The income loss of the isolated structure is the maximum proportion in life-cycle cost, and the casualty loss is the minimum proportion in the seismic loss, due to its excellent seismic mitigation effects.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТИВНОСТИ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ В СФЕРЕ ЖИЛИЩНО-КОММУНАЛЬНОГО ХОЗЯЙСТВА: ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ

The article discusses the experience of selected countries (Canada, USA, Sweden, Finland, France, great Britain) in the management of social indicators of quality of life in the housing utility complex (HUC); the conclusion is that in Russia it is necessary to change the control system for the FCC and the evaluation of management effectiveness. It is revealed that. the US experience is focused on effective achievements in this area; the UK experience allows us to highlight the constantly updated “ standards of the greatest value of public services”; the Swedish experience suggests using models of housing and communal services management that interact with the authorities. It was revealed that in Finland housing and communal services (housing and utilities) is a business. In the research the principles of assessing the performance of managers taking important public decisions in the housing sector, examines not only economic but also social efficiency of housing services in the office. It is proposed to apply the process approach the efficiency of the management of HMO (system, expert, calculation and estimation), the model «discounts», model «depreciation», to introduce a unified system of assessment of housing management in the whole country, taking into account international experience. Expert evaluation of management efficiency in housing should be charged to public organizations, operating without the intervention of the state, municipal authorities, for example, homeowners or people with housing in hiring, which will create a competitive environment in the market of housing and communal services will lead to greater choice for consumers and improve the efficiency of managerial labor in this field.

Reformation of System Estimations to Activity of Institutions of Higher Learning in China: Role of Committee of State Council of Peoples on Control and Supervision in the Field of Education

The article presents general representation about the development facts of the assessment system of activities of universities in China and its structure. The paper discusses the problems of this system from the point of view of goals and functions of Committee of the State Council in control and supervision in sphere of education. The article analyses the possibility to establish an unified assessment system of activities of universities in China.

единая система для всех субъектов образовательного процесса оценивания как условие эффективности педагогического управления

единая система для всех субъектов образовательного процесса оценивания как условие эффективности педагогического управления

Practice and thinking of the system of assessment and accreditation for resident standardized training in Jiangsu province

The system of assessment and accreditation for resident standardized training is the fundamental way to achieve the key management target that“process concentrates on standardization,and result shows homogeneity”.We discussed the necessity of the unified system of assessment and accreditation for resident standardized training,and briefly introduced the system in Jiangsu province.It includes process assessment,stage assessment and qualified accreditation,and its four main features and experience were analyzed.At last we put forward suggestions to establish and implement our national system of assessment and accreditation for resident standardized training.We should establish and implement following unified content:standards and procedures to identify training base,training contents and standards,teacher evaluation and access,standards and procedures of qualification evaluation of stage assessment,plan and content of stage assessment,and standards and procedures of the qualified accreditation etc. Key words: Resident standardized training; Assessment; Accreditation; System

Examinations in Universities of the Russian Empire in the First Half of the 19th Century

The first half of the 19th century witnessed the evolution of the university system in the Russian Empire, which ended in the reign of Nicholas I. Particularly, rules of organizing entrance, transfer and final examinations were developed. The Decree of 1819 on Awarding Academic Degrees consolidated the correlation between the academic degrees awarded to students and candidates and the grades of the Table of Ranks. (This Decree was also associated with introduction of course-based learning, which was later affirmed by the Decree of 1835.) While examinations had been a mere formality prior to this consolidation, from that moment success or failure in an exam meant earning or losing the degree that provided employment benefits. The system of student performance assessment that had been formed at that point was valid throughout a long period of time with minor changes only. Universities didn’t have any unified assessment system in the very beginning of the 19th century, so each professor would develop their own learning and student performance assessment criteria, giving marks depending on each specific student’s performance instead of boxing performance into a strict pattern of marks. It was then that the five-grade assessment scale was introduced and gained wide practice.

Cumulative radiation effect part IV. Normalisation of fractionated and continuous therapy — Area and volume correction factors

In three previous papers, a scale of accumulated sub-tolerance radiation damage, the Cumulative Radiation Effect (CRE), was described for fractionated treatment regimes and continuous radiation therapy from both long-lived and short-lived sources. This scale provides a means of assessing and comparing the biological effects of various treatments. In this paper, it is intended to further the scope of application of the CRE-system by describing in detail the normalisation between the assessments of fractionated and continuous therapy. To do this, it is necessary to consider area and volume correction factors, whose roles are to modify the values of uncorrected CREs so that a specific biological effect, regardless of the area or volume treated, is described by a unique value of the corrected CRE. The problem arising when the CRE achieved by a treatment regime is not constant over a volume is briefly discussed and a simple hypothesis is proposed which may stimulate interest in this problem. The establishment of a normalisation procedure between fractionated treatment regimes and continuous radiation therapy, which is the primary aim of this paper, serves to integrate the concept of the CRE into a unified system of assessment of biological damage, so that a unique value of the CRE describes a specific level of biological damage regardless of the area or volume treated, or the time course of administration of the radiation employed.