Uniaxial Loading Research Articles

Unraveling the Degradation Mechanisms of Perovskite Solar Cells under Mechanical Tensile Loads.

The short longevity of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the major hurdle toward their commercialization. In recent years, mechanical stability has emerged as a pivotal aspect in enhancing the overall durability of PSCs, prompting a myriad of strategies devoted to this issue. However, the mechanical degradation mechanisms of PSCs remain largely unexplored, with corresponding studies mainly limited to perovskite single crystals, neglecting the complexity and nuances present in PSC devices based on polycrystalline perovskite thin films. Herein, we reveal the underlying mechanisms of the mechanical degradation of formamidinium-based PSCs, which are the most prevalent high-performance PSC candidates. Under uniaxial tensile loads, we found that the degradation is mainly attributed to the sequential increase in the density of micropores and halide defects within the perovskite films. This phenomenon is consistent across various perovskite compositions and environmental conditions. Our findings elucidate mechanistic insights for more targeted mitigation strategies aimed at addressing the mechanical degradation of PSC devices.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of Aluminum-Copper Alloys' Anisotropy under Different Loading Conditions and Different Crystal Orientations.

The commonly used aluminum-copper alloys in industry are mainly rolled plates and extruded or drawn bars. The aluminum-copper alloys' anisotropy generated in the manufacturing process is unfavorable for subsequent applications. Its underlying mechanism shall be interpreted from a microscopic perspective. This paper conducted the loading simulation on Al-4%Cu alloy crystals at the microscopic scale with molecular dynamics technology. Uniaxial tension and compression loading were carried out along three orientations: X-<1¯12>, Y-<11¯1>, and Z-<110>. It analyzes the micro-mechanisms that affect the performance changes of aluminum-copper alloys through the combination of stress-strain curves and different organizational analysis approaches. As shown by the results, the elastic modulus and yield strength are the highest under tension along the <11¯1> direction. Such is the case for the reasons below: The close-packed plane of atoms ensures large atomic binding forces. In addition, the Stair-rod dislocation forms a Lomer-Cottrell dislocation lock, which has a strengthening effect on the material. The elastic modulus and yield strength are the smallest under tension along the <110> direction, and the periodic arrangement of HCP atom stacking faults serves as the main deformation mechanism. This is because the atomic arrangement on the <110> plane is relatively loose, which tends to cause atomic misalignment. When compressed in different directions, the plastic deformation mechanism is mainly dominated by dislocations and stacking faults. When compressed along the <110> direction, it has a relatively high dislocation density and the maximum yield strength. That should be attributed to the facts below. As the atomic arrangement of the <110> plane itself was not dense originally, compression loading would cause an increasingly tighter arrangement. In such a case, the stress could only be released through dislocations. This research aims to provide a reference for optimizing the processing technology and preparation methods of aluminum-copper alloy materials.

Investigation of mechanical characterization and damage evolution of coral reef sand concrete using in-situ CT and digital volume correlation techniques

Coral reef sand concrete (CRSC) plays an indispensable role in island reef projects, but limited knowledge of its damage poses safety and stability concerns for coral reef sand concrete structures. Therefore, the in-situ computed tomography (CT) is employed to investigate the strength and deformation, and pore structure evolution of coral reef sand concrete under uniaxial load. Additionally, the crack propagation and three-dimensional strain field evolution under different stress states are revealed by the digital volume correlation (DVC) techniques. The results demonstrate that when the stress is below 35.79 MPa, the porosity gradually decreases as the stress increases. However, when the stress exceeds 35.79 MPa, the local porosity increases with the rising stress, and the porosity at 39.89 MPa is higher than the initial porosity. Moreover, stresses evidently concentrate at areas of local maximum porosity, resulting in the initiation and development of cracks in those regions. During the failure process, CRSC experiences splitting damage firstly caused by longitudinal cracks, followed by the extension of these cracks into oblique cracks, resulting in shear damage. Coral aggregate is the weak phase in CRSC, exhibiting transgranular fractures. Additionally, CRSC exhibits significant strain in the pores and coral aggregates, leading to crack development along the direction of the pores or coral aggregates. Therefore, this study offers a deeper understanding of the damage mechanisms of CRSC, providing theoretical support for its further research and practical application in far-sea projects.

Experimental investigation of Lord Kelvin’s isentropic thermoelastic cooling and heating expression for tensile bars in two engineering alloys

ABSTRACT Solids change temperature when rapidly and elastically stressed. The effect proposed by W. Thomson, who was ennobled as Lord Kelvin, is adiabatic thermoelastic cooling or heating depending on the sign of the stress. A highly sensitive radiometrically calibrated, cooled infrared camera was employed to measure temperatures both decreasing and increasing. Temperature measurements made from the reversible, elastic part of the stress–strain curve during rapid uniaxial tensile loading and unloading were investigated. The quasi-isentropic cooling temperature from the stress loading curve is recovered by heating after the specimen fractures when the load is released. These measurements establish for the first-time isentropic temperature recovery. The materials tested are an AISI 4340 steel and an aluminium 2024 alloy. Measurements of the stress cooling are − 0.65 ± 0.05 K/GPa for steel and − 1.8 ± 0.3 K/GPa for aluminium alloy. The thermoelastic heating is − 1.2 ± 0.3 K/GPa for steel and − 1.8 ± 0.2 K/GPa for aluminium. These values are compared to Thomson’s theoretical thermoelastic prediction; comparisons are also made to equations of state tables. The experimental values are below theoretical predictions. The quasi-isentropic, elastic part of the temperature change is fully recovered after extensive plastic deformation by the fracture stress release wave.

Texture and lattice strain evolution in a pearlitic steel during shear deformation: An in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction study

In-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments were conducted on the pearlitic steel sample with a carbon content of 0.74% by weight. Specimens were subjected to uniaxial loading that induced shear deformation and two-dimensional diffraction patterns were acquired. The evolution of the lattice microstrain and the strain-resolved crystallographic texture development of both ferrite (α-BCC) and cementite (θ-orthorhombic) phases were followed. The analysis revealed that the texture changed from {110}<113>α to {113}<121>α component and then, stabilized at {013}<uvw>α orientations. The θ phase exhibited a weak texture in the {100, 010, and 001}θ family planes. Additionally, it was revealed that the nucleation of interfacial defects at the α/θ interface promotes the amorphization of cementite and the activation of slip systems in less densely packed {310}α planes. The influence of microstructural changes on mechanical properties is discussed.

Stress, Strain, or Energy? which one is superior predictor of fatigue life in notched Components? a novel Machine Learning-Based framework

This paper introduces an efficient framework for accurately predicting the fatigue lifetime of notched components under uniaxial loading within the high-cycle fatigue regime. For this purpose, various machine learning algorithms are applied to a wide range of materials, loading conditions, notch geometries, and fatigue lives. Traditional approaches for this task have mostly relied on one of the mechanical response parameters, such as stress, strain, or energy. This study also concludes which of these parameters serves as a better measure. The key idea of the framework is to use the profile (field distribution represented by some points) of the mechanical response parameters (stress, strain, and energy release rate) to distinguish between different notch geometries. To demonstrate the accuracy and broad applicability of the framework, it is initially validated using metal materials, subsequently applied to specimens produced through additive manufacturing techniques, and ultimately tested on carbon fiber laminated composites. This research demonstrates the effective use of all three parameters in estimating fatigue lifetime, while stress-based predictions exhibit the highest accuracy. Among the machine learning algorithms investigated, Gradient Boosting and Random Forest yield the most successful results. A noteworthy finding is the significant improvement in prediction accuracy achieved by incorporating new data generated based on the Basquin equation.

An accurate and transferable machine learning interatomic potential for nickel

Nickel (Ni) is a magnetic transition metal with two allotropic phases, stable face-centered cubic (FCC) and metastable hexagonal close-packed (HCP), widely used in structural applications. Magnetism affects many mechanical and defect properties, but spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations are computationally inefficient for studying material behavior requiring large system sizes and/or long simulation times. Here we develop a “magnetism-hidden” machine-learning Deep Potential (DP) model for Ni without a descriptor for magnetic moments, using training datasets derived from spin-polarized DFT calculations. The DP-Ni model exhibits excellent transferability and representability for a wide-range of FCC and HCP properties, including (finite-temperature) lattice parameters, elastic constants, phonon spectra, and many defects. As an example of its applicability, we investigate the Ni FCC-HCP allotropic phase transition under (high-stress) uniaxial tensile loading. The high accurate DP model for magnetic Ni facilitates accurate large-scale atomistic simulations for complex phase transformation behavior and may serve as a foundation for developing interatomic potentials for Ni-based superalloys and other multi-principal component alloys.

A novel high-molecule inorganic composite material with excellent elasticity and toughness used in tunnel isolation – Material design and basic mechanical properties

Cross-sea engineering plays a crucial role in the advancement of human society. However, due to geological constraints, cross-sea tunnels, as the primary infrastructure of such projects, are prone to instability and compromised safety during severe seismic events. Existing tunnel isolation materials face challenges such as susceptibility to cracking and difficulty in withstanding cyclic loads. Therefore, the development of tunnel isolation materials with strong elasticity and toughness is of significant importance. This study addresses this need by developing a high-elasticity, super-tough polymer-inorganic composite tunnel isolation material. Drawing on the microphase separation structure of polyurethane elastomers and polymer-based composite material interfaces, the innovative material was synthesized and characterized. Uniaxial and cyclic loading tests were conducted to evaluate its mechanical behavior, while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were employed to examine filler-polyurethane matrix bonding, microstructural changes, and interface modifications. These analyses revealed the synergistic mechanisms of the composite components. Results demonstrated significant enhancements in compressive performance and unit volume energy consumption, with the elastic modulus controllable at approximately 10 MPa, and the strain recovery rate stabilizing at 82 %. Moreover, a mix design model was developed for predicting compressive strength, elastic modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break concerning PVA fiber content.

A Smart Ski Pole for Skiing Pattern Recognition and Quantification Application.

In cross-country skiing, ski poles play a crucial role in technique, propulsion, and overall performance. The kinematic parameters of ski poles can provide valuable information about the skier's technique, which is of great significance for coaches and athletes seeking to improve their skiing performance. In this work, a new smart ski pole is proposed, which combines the uniaxial load cell and the inertial measurement unit (IMU), aiming to provide comprehensive data measurement functions more easily and to play an auxiliary role in training. The ski pole can collect data directly related to skiing technical actions, such as the skier's pole force, pole angle, inertia data, etc., and the system's design, based on wireless transmission, makes the system more convenient to provide comprehensive data acquisition functions, in order to achieve a more simple and efficient use experience. In this experiment, the characteristic data obtained from the ski poles during the Double Poling of three skiers were extracted and the sample t-test was conducted. The results showed that the three skiers had significant differences in pole force, pole angle, and pole time. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the sports data of the people with good performance, and the results showed that the pole force and speed (r = 0.71) and pole support angle (r = 0.76) were significantly correlated. In addition, this study adopted the commonly used inertial sensor data for action recognition, combined with the load cell data as the input of the ski technical action recognition algorithm, and the recognition accuracy of five kinds of cross-country skiing technical actions (Diagonal Stride (DS), Double Poling (DP), Kick Double Poling (KDP), Two-stroke Glide (G2) and Five-stroke Glide (G5)) reached 99.5%, and the accuracy was significantly improved compared with similar recognition systems. Therefore, the equipment is expected to be a valuable training tool for coaches and athletes, helping them to better understand and improve their ski maneuver technique.

New interpretation model of the effect of short PE fibers in TRM on tensile behavior

An experimental investigation was conducted on the tensile behavior of textile reinforced mortar (TRM) composites containing different volumes of short polyethylene (PE) fibers in a cementitious matrix to improve the tensile strength and cracking mode of TRM. This investigation mainly aimed to study the action mechanism of short fibers and propose a reasonable textile-short fiber-matrix interface model. The short fiber content was varied, as was the matrix type and the number of grid layers. Ten groups of TRM tensile specimens subjected to the monotonic uniaxial tensile loading were fabricated and tested to examine their tensile characteristics. The results showed that the multiple-cracking behavior and failure mode of TRM were significantly improved by adding PE fibers into the matrix. The tensile strength was increased by 25.8–167.2 %. After the uniaxial tensile tests, the microscopic investigation of the interface between the textile and matrix was conducted on the tensile specimens using an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM). The significant influence of the short PE fibers on the improvement of the interface bonding between the textile and matrix was confirmed. More importantly, based on the ESEM results, a novel interface model was proposed to promote understanding of the action mechanism of short fibers.

Fatigue prediction and optimization of laser peened turbine blade using artificial neural networks and ANFIS

AbstractThis paper investigates the fatigue behavior prediction of Ti‐6Al‐4V thin‐leading‐edge turbine blade specimens treated with laser shock peening (LSP) using two advanced artificial intelligence (AI) methods: artificial neural networks (ANNs) and adaptive network‐based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The study aims to estimate the endurance under high cycle loading conditions. First, using ABAQUS and MATLAB software, the modified Crossland criterion for uniaxial loading is applied to recalibrate endurance limit values based on modifications induced by the LSP process. Then, these techniques are employed to predict the modified Crossland criterion profile and endurance limit values influenced by the LSP treatment. Specifically, numerical values are used as training and testing data for these AI models. As a result, these AI methods provide highly accurate prediction and optimization of the modified Crossland criterion and endurance limits, demonstrating their reliability and effectiveness.

On the cyclic elastoplastic shakedown behavior of an auxetic metamaterial: An experimental, numerical, and analytical study

This article presents the first experimental, numerical, and analytical study of the elastoplastic shakedown response of an auxetic metamaterial structure that elucidates interactions between auxeticity and maximum shakedown loading capacity. The study aims to determine the safe elastoplastic shakedown limit of perforated auxetic aluminum sheet structures (AA5083-TO) with fixed void fraction (16.4%) under ambient cyclic asymmetric uniaxial loading conditions. The motivation is that shakedown-based designs can be used to expand the feasible design space under cyclic loading conditions compared to conventional yield-limited designs. Finite element analyses with calibrated hardening models are used to develop Bree load-interaction diagrams that are experimentally validated. It is found that shakedown occurs at stress levels up to almost four times the elastic limit of the structure for a fixed allowable equivalent strain level near three percent. This shakedown multiplier is also sensitive to the extent of auxeticity in the structure and a parametric study and analytical model are used to identify underlying mechanisms and a potential maximum condition.

Characterization and modeling of biaxial plastic anisotropy in metallic sheets

The anisotropic behavior of cold-rolled sheet metals has been extensively studied, typically characterized by uniaxial loading tests in different directions to determine yield strengths and plastic flow (Lankford r-values). However, biaxial principal stress states often focus solely on yield loci in the RD/TD (rolling/transverse) directions, with limited studies on other loading directions. This study analyzes the relationship between the principal stress yield loci and the material principal anisotropic stress directions based on the Hill48 yield function. Biaxial tensile tests are conducted on DP590 high-strength steel using cruciform specimens cut in various directions different from the sheet RD/TD directions. The evolution of the anisotropic yield locus and plastic flow of DP590 under biaxial tensile directions beyond the traditional RD/TD anisotropic directions is revealed. Furthermore, a modified Hill48 model that considers any principal stress direction of loading is proposed, accurately describing the continuous evolution of equi-biaxial tension stress, near-plane strain stress, and plastic flow direction for different principal stress directions of loading. The issues of failing to predict plastic flow under biaxial loadings in the original Hill48 model, and the degraded representation of existing constitutive models when accounting for out-of-plane anisotropy are addressed by decoupling the relationship between anisotropic parameters and stress state. In addition, the proposed calibration strategy of anisotropic parameters, using experimental data from various principal stress directions of loading, effectively captures the anisotropic evolution caused by changes in principal stress directions. Comprehensive evaluation and verification of the plasticity model should consider yield locus for any principal stress directions of loading, and also the normal and shear planes.

The concentration influence of multi-walled carbon nanotubes coating on fatigue edge crack growth and other mechanical properties of Al 7075-T6 thin plates

In the current study, the incline edge crack growth behavior in an aluminum alloy 7075-T6 specimens (which were coated using nickel-carbon nanotubes electroless coating) has been investigated undergoes uniaxial tensile fatigue loading. High purity multi walled carbon nanotubes have been used in nano-coating solutions with various concentrations (1 g/l, 2 g/l and 3 g/l) to examine the improvement extent of fatigue crack growth resistance and other mechanical properties. Water jet technique was used to cutting aluminum plates to the required dimensions before the nano-coating procedure. Multi-purpose fatigue apparatus has been adopted to apply tensile fatigue loading with zero stress ratios. High magnification camera with image j software has been utilized to measure the propagated crack lengths with the number of fatigue cycles. To inspection the quality, thickness uniformity and homogeneity of the nano-coating layer over specimen surfaces, EDXRF and FESEM techniques have been adopted in this study. Numerical simulation using ABAQUS 2021 programming was performed for the purpose of the results validation. The measured results offered a 25.9 %, 44.5 % and 47.9 % increasing in the hardness of the coated specimens using 1 g/l, 2 g/l and 3 g/l MWCNTs respectively. The modulus of elasticity produced an increasing of 26.7 %, 44.4 % and 46.3 % for the coated specimens using 1 g/l, 2 g/l and 3 g/l MWCNTs respectively. The nano-coating with 2 g/l MWCNTs produced more homogeneous, uniform thickness coating layer and fatigue crack growth resistance than that of the coated specimens using other concentrations of MWCNTs. The similarity in the crack growth behavior was the major outcome of the results validation from the fatigue tests and numerical simulation.

Development of Epoxy-Resin Based Solid Electrolytes for Multifunctional Structural Batteries

A structural battery is defined as being multifunctional; it is a load bearing system with some electrochemical energy storing capability. The electrolyte system is the key enabler for a multifunctional structural battery as it must possess sufficient ionic conductivity (~10-4S/cm) and mechanical strength (Youngs’s modulus ~ 600-900 MPa) simultaneously. Polymeric systems offer the best possible scenario for practical realization of multifunctional structural batteries due to a set of favorable properties, such as reasonable ionic conductivity, easy processability etc. In the present work, we focus on the development of a dual-phase structural battery electrolyte to optimize ionic conductivity and mechanical performance simultaneously. An epoxy resin-based system is chosen due to its high mechanical strength and its ability for in-situ polymerization that leads to a unique microstructure promoting multi-functionality. Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A (DGEBA) accounts for the epoxy to provide hard segments in the matrix and is cured by an amine compound (Jeffamine T-403). A liquid electrolyte is added to the system for improving ionic conductivity without compromising its mechanical strength substantially. Multiple liquid components consisting of lithium salt and solvents are considered -lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LITFSI) dissolved in a solution of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) and LiTFSI dissolved in 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMIM-TFSI). Ionic conductivity of the electrolyte systems as a function of temperature is measured utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Uniaxial load tests are performed to evaluate the mechanical properties (e.g., Young’s modulus, Yield strength) of the epoxy-based electrolyte systems with and without the addition of the ion conducting liquids. Comparative data on the epoxy-based systems containing varying amounts of liquid components will be presented.

Study on the mesoscopic mechanical behavior and damage constitutive model of micro-steel fiber reinforced recycled aggregate concrete

This study employs in-situ 4D CT experimental techniques to investigate the mesostructured changes and mechanical behavior of micro steel fiber-reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (MSF-RAC) under uniaxial compression and cyclic loading conditions. The research aims to address the scientific problem of limited understanding of how micro steel fibers affect the mesoscopic mechanical behavior and structural damage characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete. High-resolution CT scanning technology was utilized for real-time observation of crack initiation and propagation, revealing the micro-mechanisms by which micro steel fibers enhance RAC. The study found that incorporating micro-steel fibers significantly improves the density of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), inhibits crack development, and enhances the mechanical properties of the concrete. Based on these observations, an improved stiffness degradation damage constitutive model was proposed, which comprehensively considers the distribution orientation of micro steel fibers and ITZ characteristics. The model effectively predicts the stress-strain relationship of MSF-RAC under various conditions, demonstrating high accuracy and practicality. These findings provide important theoretical support and experimental evidence for the optimal design of RAC, showcasing significant engineering application value by promoting the sustainable use of recycled materials in construction.

The Smith-Watson-Topper parameter and fracture surface topography relationship for additively manufactured 18Ni300 steel subjected to uniaxial variable-amplitude loading

In this paper, the association between Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) parameter and fracture surface topography is studied in additively manufactured maraging steel exposed to variable-amplitude fatigue loading. The post-failure fracture surfaces were examined using a non-contact 3D surface topography measuring system and the entire fracture surface method. The focal point is on the correspondence between fatigue characteristics, articulate by the SWT parameter, and the fracture surface topography features, represented by areal, volume, and fractal dimension parameters. A fatigue life prediction model based on SWT and fracture surface topography factors is proposed. The presented model expresses good compliance with fatigue test results. This model can be useful for post-mortem analysis of engineering elements under variable-amplitude loading fatigue, especially for materials produced by additive manufacturing (AM).

Damage deformation properties and acoustic emission characteristics of hard-brittle rock under constant amplitude cyclic loading

In order to study the deformation and damage characteristics of the limestone specimens with high strength and brittleness under constant amplitude cyclic loading, the deformation and the acoustic emission (AE) characteristics were analysed, and the relationship between them was sought. The damage variables under different amplitude cyclic loading were defined by AE counts. The results showed that the radial deformation of the limestone specimens was more sensitive and unstable than the axial deformation. The concept of apparent residual strain was proposed to describe the specimen deformation characteristics, and it resulted that the radial apparent residual strain produced at higher stress state would recover at lower stress state. The limestone specimens showed obvious Kaiser effect and Felicity effect under cyclic loading. When the upper limit of the cyclic loading was close to the peak stress of the specimen, the AE counts generated in unloading sections were almost the same as that in the loading sections. The damage was increased as the amplitude and the stress level increased and the unloading process at higher stress level would also lead to the aggravation of damages. Specimens would absorb more energy under cyclic loading than under uniaxial loading. Reasonable driving parameters should be controlled in underground excavation practice, to ensure that the stress level of surrounding rock mass in a periodic stress state is located before peak stress and such that to limit the occurrence of rock burst to a certain extent.

The Influence of Cyclic Loading on the Mechanical Properties of Well Cement

The cyclic loading generated by injection and production operations in underground gas storage facilities can lead to fatigue damage to cement sheaths and compromise the integrity of wellbores. To investigate the influence of cyclic loading on the fatigue damage of well cement, uniaxial and triaxial loading tests were conducted at different temperatures, with maximum cyclic loading intensity ranging from 60% to 90% of the ultimate strength. Test results indicate that the compressive strength and elastic modulus of well cement subjected to monotonic loading under high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) testing conditions were 14–21% lower than those obtained under ambient testing conditions. The stress–strain curve exhibits stress–strain hysteresis loops during cyclic loading tests, and the plastic deformation capacity is enhanced at HTHP conditions. Notably, a higher intensity of cyclic loading results in more significant plastic strain in oil-well cement, leading to the conversion of more input energy into dissipative energy. Furthermore, the secant modulus of well cement decreased with cycle number, which is especially significant under ambient test conditions with high loading intensity. Within 20 cycles of cyclic loading tests, only the sample tested at a loading intensity of 90% ultimate strength under an ambient environment failed. For samples that remained intact after 20 cycles of cyclic loading, the compressive strength and stress–strain behavior were similar to those obtained before cyclic loading. Only a slight decrease in the elastic modulus is observed in samples cycled with high loading intensity. Overall, oil-well cement has a longer fatigue life when subjected to HTHP testing conditions compared to that tested under ambient conditions. The fatigue life of well cement increases significantly with a decrease in loading intensity and can be predicted based on the plastic strain evolution rate.

A model for capturing the rate-dependent mechanical behaviour of liquid crystal elastomers

A modelling framework is adopted and adapted here to model the rate-dependent deformation behaviour of liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). On using an isotropic hyperelastic strain energy function WI1,I2 of binomial form, previously employed for capturing the (quasi-static) deformation of polydomain LCEs, an extension is presented for application to the rate-dependent behaviour of LCEs by incorporating the deformation rate into the model parameters. That is, the model parameters of the core hyperelastic strain energy function W are considered to evolve with, i.e., be a function of, the deformation rate. A specific measure of deformation rate ɛ̇ is utilised, and a particular functional dependency of the hyperelastic model parameters on ɛ̇, of a skewed exponential form, is devised and presented. The ensuing rate-dependent model Wr is then applied to a range of extant experimental datasets, encompassing various LCE specimens and across different deformation rates, under uniaxial loading and including both tension and compression deformations. The model is shown to capture and predict the data favourably. Given the simplic of devising and implementing the presented modelling framework, the flexibility it provides for incorporating different choices of strain energy W function as well as the functional form(s) of the dependency of the model parameters on the deformation rate, and the accuracy of the modelling results, the application of this modelling approach to capturing the rate-dependent deformation behaviour of LCEs is hereby presented.