Unfavorable Situation Research Articles

Food consumption patterns and trends in response to inflationary pressures

Food prices have increased significantly in Hungary over the past year due to rising inflation. Price changes are crucial in shaping consumer behaviour and purchasing decisions. Supply chain disruptions, rising energy prices and extreme weather conditions have also had an adverse impact on prices. Another factor in the unfavourable situation was the distorting effect of the “price cap” (a government-imposed ceiling on the price of certain products) applied in Hungary. Based on an extensive and representative survey conducted during the autumn of 2022, this study presents the examination of trends in the food purchasing habits of the above 18 years of age population of a county of Hungary. The findings have confirmed a decrease in both supermarket visits and the level of consumption of fresh products including vegetables, fruits, dairy products, and baked goods due to high inflation and rising food costs. Additionally, there has been a noticeable shift towards shopping at discount supermarkets, accompanied by a decline in both bulk and small purchases. As spending on food has increased by over 40%, consumers are increasingly mindful of their spending.

СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ РОССИЙСКИХ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ ТЕОРИЙ И ПРАКТИК ВНЕДРЕНИЯ СМЕШАННОГО ОБУЧЕНИЯ В ИНСТИТУТАХ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

The article explores a new pedagogical approach that has been gaining popularity in recent decades. This refers to a blened learning model that makes it possible to ensure the availability of higher education for various categories of students. Moreover, the transition to a new format of education was due to the unfavorable epidemiological situation in the world (Covid-19). To date, Russian and foreign researchers have made attempts to formulate the essence of this approach and the ways of its implementation in the educational process, however, theorized knowledge about blended learning and the practices of its implementation are still insufficient. For this reason, the organization of training in a blended format is still experimental. The article describes the experience of implementing a blended learning model in leading Russian and foreign universities, namely, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Imperial College London, the University of Maryland, Moscow State Institute of International Relations and Tomsk Polytechnic University. The teachers note that due to the fact that students study a part of the educational material on their own through information and communication technologies before the start of the classroom lessons, is freed up more time for analysis of received information. In this regard, the classroom lesson becomes a place for generating new ideas and proposals. Thus, when organizing blended learning, the role of the teacher changes – he acts not as a translator of ready-made knowledge, but as a consultant and adviser. Consequently, as a result of training, an independent personality is formed, capable of exploring and critically analyzing the information received.

ЗЕЛЕНЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КАК АЛЬТЕРНАТИВА ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ

The article discusses the prospects for the use of green technologies in the face of an unfavorable geopolitical situation and sanctions announced by Russia, which led to a shortage in the energy market. Renewable energy sources, including solar energy, wind energy, hydropower, biofuels and others, are the main focus of the transition to a less carbon-intensive and more sustainable energy system. Wind and solar PV can reduce the European energy sector's dependence on Russian gas in 2023. Russia supplies about 45 % of the gas imported by the European Union for industry, housing and electricity generation. For electricity generation, natural gas accounts for about 16 % of the group's total electricity demand. Over the past decade, natural gas-fired electricity generation has ranged from 340 to 600 kWh per year, depending on pricing and demand for wind and solar photovoltaic systems. The paper provides an analysis of the average annual energy production on natural gas for individual EU countries. An overview of the change in the price range of biofuels is presented. Uncertainty factors in the construction of economic forecasts are indicators related to fuel, raw materials and the policy of prices for oil and biofuels. Energy and food security, as well as reducing greenhouse gas emissions, are all in constant flux, which also introduces many uncertainties into forecasts. As conclusions on the topic of the work, it was noted that high prices for fossil fuels have increased the competitiveness of electricity generation technologies from renewable sources compared to coal-fired and natural gas power plants. However, despite their potential, accelerating the growth of new renewable energy capacity depends largely on a stable policy environment that provides long-term revenue certainty.

РИСКИ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО ЗДОРОВЬЯ ДЕТЕЙ 18-ЛЕТНЕГО ВОЗРАСТА (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ МОНИТОРИНГА«ИЗУЧЕНИЕ УСЛОВИЙ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЗДОРОВОГО ПОКОЛЕНИЯ 2013-2022 ГГ.» В ВОЛОГОДСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)

The relevance of studying a person's social health at the stage of adulthood is associated with the strengthening of his role in the process of socialization. However, empirical and theoretical studies that would solve the problem of disclosing the risks of the formation of social health of children and youth, its indicators and criteria have not been carried out enough. The importance of the topic is also confirmed by the unfavorable demographic situation in the country and the region. Having taken the first place in the world in terms of land area, Russia is rapidly losing its position in demo-graphic terms. In this regard, the problem of social health of young people is in the sphere of primary interests of the state. In order to build effective activities in this area, it is necessary to have objective information about the state of social health of young men and women, using official statistical sources and the results of scientific research. The paper uses the selective results of monitoring children's health "Study of conditions for the formation of a healthy generation" in the Vologda oblast. The sociological survey of boys and girls was conducted in the year when children born in 1995, 1998, 2001 and 2004 turned 18, respectively, 2013, 2016, 2019, 2022. The sample size was 113 people, empirical data was collected by conducting an individual handout survey in the cities of Vologda, Cherepovets, and the territories of municipal districts. The purpose of the article: to identify individual risks of the formation of the social health of boys and girls of 18 years of age during the study period. The analysis of the responses in the framework of monitoring children's health revealed the risks of the formation of the social health of young people by the time of adulthood when entering adulthood.

Effects of Acute Physical Fatigue on Gaze Behavior in Expert Badminton Players.

Perceptual cognitive skills in real game settings, under conditions of fatigue, such as the ability to gather relevant visual information, are key factors in achieving motor goals in sports. The objectives were to evaluate the effects of acute physical fatigue on gaze behavior during a badminton game (Study 1) and in an unfavorable force ratio situation (Study 2). Six international-level badminton players played two sets and unfavorable force ratio situations while wearing eye-tracking glasses before and after a fatiguing task. During the set, fatiguing physical exercise led to fewer fixations per exchange and more fixations on one area of interest. During unfavorable force ratio situations, fatiguing physical exercise led to shorter fixation durations per exchange, shorter fixation durations on two areas of interest, and longer fixation durations on one area of interest. The results showed that gaze behaviors were adapted in acute physical fatigue conditions to maintain performance.

Етнополітика та міграційна політика: до питання взаємозв’язку і взаємовпливу

The article examines the question of the feasibility of expanding the object of ethnopolitics at the expense of ethnic groups, formed as a result of migration, as well as the need to take into account the ethnic characteristics of migrants while regulating migration processes on the background of the current migration situation in Ukraine and the prospects for its further development. On the basis of the analysis of the theoretical works of Ukrainian and foreign authors, political and international legal documents, legislation of Ukraine, it was concluded that in the interests of social unity is the recognition of diversity as a value and resource of development, the spread of ethnopolitics measures to „new” migrant minorities, the provision them guarantees against violation of rights, marginalization, forced assimilation. Unfavorable demographic situation, massive forced migration of Ukrainians abroad because of the war, as well as irreversible military losses of the population can lead to a shortage of labor force necessary for the post-war reconstruction of the country. If own labor and intellectual potential will be insufficient, Ukraine may need additional labor force from abroad for post-war recovery. Although Ukraine is currently unattractive to immigrants, their number compared to other countries is small, due to the war it has decreased, potential economic development and the need for additional labor force, closer ties with the EU may increase immigration, which will lead to the growth of ethnic, linguistic, cultural diversity The complexity of the ethno-cultural structure of society can have a positive character, contribute to the mutual enrichment of cultures and the common good, but it can also lead to negative consequences – a conflict of values, cultural norms, a breach of social unity. Under such conditions, the requirements for the migration policy of the state, as well as for its ethnopolitics, will naturally grow. This actualizes the intensification of the state's activities on the integration of newcomers into Ukrainian society, the formation of a tolerant attitude of the indigenous population towards migrants and migration, the prevention of all forms of discrimination, the prevention of racism and xenophobia, the deepening of intercultural dialogue, the awareness that unconditional protection of the rights of national minorities in the civilized world is impossible without ensuring a general climate of tolerance towards "others", which also applies to migrants.

Методические подходы к типологизации регионов по уровню развития агропродовольственной системы (на материалах Дальневосточного федерального округа)

Trends in the decline in living standards in Russian regions indicate that the state and municipal authorities need to pay increased attention to the development of socio-economic systems, including agri-food. This is especially true for the Far Eastern regions, which are characterized by extreme soil and climatic conditions for agricultural production, undeveloped transport infrastructure, unfavorable demographic situation and significant remoteness from the main logistics centers of the country, which significantly limits the possibilities of food self-sufficiency. The regions of the Far Eastern Federal District (FEFD) are markedly differentiated by the level of per capita food production and consumption. The agro-food system needs targeted state regulation, while the development of measures should be carried out on the basis of a differentiated approach to the development of different types of regions. In continuation of the previously conducted research, this article supplements the proven method of typologizing regions by considering other essential features to identify problems and determine the prospects for the development of the agro-food sector. Thus, the following features have been introduced: parameters of resource, infrastructure and financial potentials; sectoral specialization of regions according to the level of development of the agro-food system. In further studies, it is supposed to test the already supplemented methodology for typologizing regions according to the level of development of the agro-food system in the Far Eastern Federal District.

The risk of public health damage due to atmospheric emissions from a coal preparation plant

The paper assesses the risk to public health from atmospheric air pollution by stationary sources of a coal preparation plant located in the city of Novokuznetsk, Kemerovo Region. To assess the risk, the volume of maximum permissible emissions of the enterprise was used, calculations of the maximum and average concentrations of pollutants were carried out at 30 design points using the EKOcenter-Standard program. Public health risks were determined in accordance with the «Guidelines for assessing the risk to public health from exposure to chemicals that pollute the environment.» Based on the determination of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic hazard indices, priority pollutants were identified: sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide and carbon (soot). The calculation of the maximum one-time and average concentrations of pollutants at the selected impact points showed that the maximum permissible concentrations were not exceeded. Hazard indices for acute and chronic inhalation exposures do not exceed the acceptable level both without background and with background. The total risk of chronic intoxication does not exceed the acceptable value without taking into account the background, but exceeds it, taking into account the background, by 3.06–3.15 times. According to the carcinogenic risk, no excess of the acceptable level was found. The present study showed that the coal preparation plant makes a certain contribution to air pollution in Novokuznetsk without causing significant damage to the health of the urban population. Exceeding the acceptable level of risk of chronic intoxication, taking into account the background exposure to pollutants at all points, can be explained by the general unfavorable environmental situation in the industrial city.

PRAGMATISM OF FINANCIAL STABILITY MANAGEMENT OF INSURANCE COMPANIES IN UKRAINE

Introduction. In the conditions of political instability, unfavorable economic situation due to the pandemic and uncertainty due to the Russian-Ukrainian war, the relevance of various types of insurance is increasing. Therefore, insurers are faced with the problems of minimizing financial risks, balancing between a sufficient level of profitability and public trust in insurance products. Under such circumstances, insurance companies are forced to make timely management decisions that must ensure financial stability while preventing the loss of competitive advantages in the insurance market. The purpose of the article is to determine the definitive characteristics of the financial stability of insurance companies and, taking into account the performance indicators of insurers on the insurance market, carry out their analytical evaluation. Results. The definition of “financial stability” of an insurance company was studied, its essential characteristics were singled out, which made it possible to distinguish between the concepts of “financial stability“ and “financial reliability” of an insurer. Factors influencing the financial stability of insurance companies are determined, based on the results of an empirical assessment of the performance indicators of insurers in modern conditions. It was established that the optimally formed amount of own capital is not an indisputable criterion of the insurer’s financial reliability. The necessity of balancing all types of activities of insurers on the insurance market based on domestic realities is substantiated. Perspectives. The subject of further scientific research is the study of the impact of endogenous and exogenous factors on the financial stability of insurance companies, which can be assessed using the proposed indicators.

СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ СОЛНЕЧНОЙ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ

Due to the exhaustion of resources for traditional energy in the world, much attention is paid to energy conservation and energy efficiency, one of the main sources of which are renewable energy sources, which includes solar energy. Solar energy is one of the most developed renewable energy industry (excluding hydropower), which is reflected in its economic characteristics. The advantages of solar generation in comparison with traditional energy sources are revealed. The state and prospects of development of the world solar energy are considered. The price conjuncture of solar generation is analyzed. The leading countries in the field of solar energy use (China, Germany, Italy, USA, Japan) are identified and the reasons stimulating rapid growth in these countries of solar generation are analyzed, among which a special place is occupied by the deficit in some of them of traditional energy sources and unfavorable environmental situation. It was emphasized that the growth of unconventional energy in these countries is associated with government support measures...

ДЕТЕКЦІЯ МАРКЕРІВ Р16/KI-67ПРИ ВИЯВЛЕННІ ІНТРАЕПІТЕЛІАЛЬНОЇ НЕОПЛАЗІЇ ШИЙКИ МАТКИ

B a c k g r o u n d . In recent years, Ukraine has experienced an unfavorable epidemiological situation concerning sexually transmitted diseases. One rapidly spreading infection is genital human papillomavirus (HPV). Convincing research has identified human papillomavirus (HPV) as a significant factor in the development of malignant transformations in the cervix. The study of the molecular pathogenesis associated with HPV-related neoplasms has led to the discovery of biomarkers aiding in the diagnosis of High-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (HSIL) of the cervix. Including the biomarkers p16/Ki-67 in the investigation enhances sensitivity in detecting HSIL in women. Additionally, it is pertinent to further analyze the effectiveness of using an additional semi-quantitative scale to assess the results of immunocytochemical detection of p16/Ki-67. M e t h o d s . The research was conducted on biological material from cervical smears using liquid-based cytology. Techniques included Papanicolaou staining, HPV detection, and immunocytochemical staining against p16/Ki-67. The sample comprised 90 women divided into three age groups, each categorized based on criteria such as HPV presence/absence, Bethesda classification of dysplasia, and negative/positive p16/Ki-67 results. Intensity of staining was further scored on a scale in the corresponding location of positive reactions in the nucleus or cytoplasm. R e s u l t s . The study revealed that immunocytochemical markers p16 and Ki-67 identified women with intraepithelial lesions, especially in cases with positive HPV results and no dysplastic changes in the Pap test. The intensity of immunocytochemical staining for p16 and Ki-67 varied directly with the detected degree of dysplasia. C o n c l u s i o n s . A direct correlation was observed between the severity of dysplasia established by Bethesda classification and the intensity of immunocytochemical staining for p16 and Ki-67. These findings provide an opportunity for further exploration of staining intensity in the presence of immunocytochemical markers p16 and Ki-67 for their potential use in the comprehensive interpretation of Pap test results and the precise identification of dysplasia in ambiguous diagnostic samples.

Уровень благосостояния населения в регионах Российской Федерации: институциональное и инфраструктурное обеспечение

The article examines the level of population well-being in the regions of the Russian Federation from the standpoint of their institutional and infrastructural support. It is a high-quality institutional environment and developed infrastructure that are the most important conditions for ensuring the population well-being in Russian regions. The authors note a significant differentiation in income levels and their polarization (by fund ratio, decile ratio), which is reflected in the poverty level of the population of the regions. The article presents the results of a study on two regions of the Russian Federation: one leading region and one outsider region, identified by the results of an earlier study conducted by the authors. Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District is represented as the leader in terms of well-being, while the Republic of Ingushetia is an outsider. The authors proved that the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District, being in an unfavorable climatic zone, forms institutional and infrastructural conditions conducive to systematic work on social development and support of the population. At the same time, there is an increase in indicators of social inequality in the region, which may contribute to the development of social tension. Regarding the outsider, the Republic of Ingushetia, it was shown that, having conditions favorable for life and work, and forming an adequate institutional environment and social infrastructure, the region is characterized by an unfavorable social situation: low incomes of the population, high unemployment. The authors believe that it is possible to solve problems in the social sphere with the effective realization of the potential of the region and significant support from the federal center.

Prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver and its related factors in Iran: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a systemic disorder with a complex multifactorial and heterogeneous pathogenesis and has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in many countries around the world. Numerous studies in Iran have presented different results on the prevalence and risk factors of NAFLD, in this study, which has been done in a systematic review and meta-analysis, provides a good estimate of the prevalence and risk factors of the disease in Iran. Following the peer review of electronic search strategies (PRESS and the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses [PRISMA] statement, we searched Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Persian scientific searcher (Elmnet) from inception to September 19, 2022. In the present study, 71 articles were reviewed for qualitative and meta-analysis. The overall mean prevalence of NAFLD in children studies was 22.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 10.9% to 33.9%). The prevalence was notably higher in adult studies 40.5% (95% CI: 35.1% to 46%). In 24 studies, the association between NAFLD and sex was reported, 10 of which showed significant relationships. Out of 46 studies observed that NAFLD prevalence increased significantly with body mass index (BMI). Eight out of 14 studies reported significant associations between FBS and NAFLD in children's studies. Though Iran has a high NAFLD prevalence compared to most areas, and due to the unfavorable situation of risk factors contributing to the NAFLD, it is necessary to take the necessary interventions to control these risk factors and prevent NAFLD.

Turning point in global development. Will the West keep its predominant influence on world order in the 21<sup>st</sup> century?

2022 could be characterized as crucial for the formation of world order and future world development. Very often we hear that the most important events of 2022 are “the Ukrainian crisis” and XX Convention of the Communist Party of China that declared the beginning of the new period in the Chinese international strategy aimed at reaching global status and influence either equal to American or even greater. Idea of the new bipolar world order has been mentioned, and even acknowledged by certain American and Russian scholars. However, there is no great optimism about such a prospect. It is only a supposition, and a rather unrealistic one. Russia is not interested in this kind of world order. It is also not quite correct to examine everything that is going on in the world in the context of the “Ukrainian crisis”, which is the product of the Western/American policy of social engineering in various countries aimed at their transformation on the basis of Western values. Such policy begun in 1992 has been part of the American global strategy to establish liberal world order with the domineering role of the United States. We suggest taking a new look at international relations. By 2022, the megatrend of the world order formation of the 21st century had entered its decisive phase. The crucial factor that will influence the outcome of this process is developing confrontation between Russia and the West/US/NATO. The result will determine whether we shall live either in a just polycentric world order, or in imperial-hegemonic order (possibly, US-China order). Russia is in a very unfavorable international situation; however, it must continue its efforts in world order formation putting efforts into propaganda of peace and necessity of establishing new institutions not Western-centered reflecting and satisfying interests of the majority of the world community.

Налогообложение доходов физических лиц: социальный аспект

In modern conditions that are characterized by financial and economic instability the problem of ensuring the balance of funds coming to budgets of all levels is quite acute. One of the key sources of income of the Russian consolidated budget are the tax payments, among which the personal income tax (PIT) plays an important role. In-come tax in Russia has a fairly long history of formation. Its economic content and implemented functions indicate the high importance of income taxation for the life of society, economic and budgetary systems. There have been studied the current trends in development of taxation of personal income in Russia. It has been stated that in modern conditions there appear more challenges from the world economy and currency market, which may result in personal income tax administration becoming more complicated in Russia. Due to the impact of coronavirus pandemic, imposing the economic sanctions and the general unfavourable macroeconomic situation there have been highlighted the increasing PIT arrears, decreasing tax revenues, a low share of PIT in the consolidated budget and GDP of the Russian Federation. Economic and financial potential of PIT is underutilized in Russia. There has been proposed an approach to changing the tax tools including tax mechanisms that form the level of well-being and development of citizens using a progressive scale of taxation. It is recommended to provide for a change in the PIT depending on the level of citizens’ income and their proximity to the subsistence minimum. This approach will contribute to solving the problems of social inequality, redistributing excess incomes in favor of the least affluent segments of the population, improving the effectiveness of Russia’s social policy in the medium term, and increasing budget revenues

The Peculiarities of Psychological Adaptation of Teenagers to Difficult Life Situations

Introduction. The article deals with the problem of psychological adaptation of adolescents to difficult life situations. The existing theoretical approaches to understanding the phenomenon of psychological adaptation are analyzed, the concepts of “difficult life situation”, “critical situation” are considered. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the psychological specifics of the coping behavior of adolescents. The group of subjects who are in a difficult life situation was formed from pupils of the State Committee for Education and Science of the Republic of Moldova “Republican social shelter for children and adolescents ‘Nadezhda’ ”. Materials and Methods. In the course of the empirical study the following methods have been used: the projective method “Psychological autobiography” by the authors L. F. Burlachuk and E. Yu. Korzhova, the projective method “Man in the rain” by the authors A. Abrams and A. Emchin. To process the obtained empirical data, methods of mathematical statistics were used: the Mann – Whitney U-criterion and the φ* criterion – Fisher’s angular transformation. Results. According to the results of the empirical study, most adolescents of the 2nd group were characterized by the manifestation of passivity, lack of energy, stiffness, rigidity in difficult life situations, which generally confirms the weak representation of problem-oriented coping strategies in the coping behavior of adolescents. Discussion and Conclusion. The pupils of the orphanage turned out to be characterized by depressive states, possibly determined by the unfavorable social situation in which they found themselves, and in which they are most likely to experience deprivation of support from significant people. On the basis of the study carried out, psychological recommendations have been formulated to improve the effectiveness of adolescents’ psychological coping with difficult life situations, which can be used in the professional activities of psychologists – in professional counseling and psychocorrection, in the work of a teacher-psychologist, school psychologist and other specialists. These recommendations take into account, first of all, the importance of developing problem-oriented coping strategies in adolescents based on an objective and critical analysis of the cause-and-effect relationships of difficult situations.

Genotyping of tick-borne pathogens and determination of human attacking tick species in Novosibirsk and its suburbs

The south of Western Siberia traditionally belongs to the regions with unfavorable epidemiological situation for tick-transmitted infections. In Novosibirsk and its suburbs, approximately 20 thousand people annually seek for medical care after tick bites. The purpose of this work was to determine human-attacking tick species composition in the territory of Novosibirsk and its suburbs by identifying nucleotide sequence of tick mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase COI fragment during the 2018 spring-summer season, determination of infections of individual ticks with viral and bacterial tick-borne infections, followed by genotyping identified pathogens by PCR methods, by determining nucleotide sequences and phylogenetic analysis. It is established that ticks of five species attack the humans: Ixodes persulcatus, Ixodes pavlovskyi, Dermacentor reticulatus, Dermacentor marginatus, Dermacentor nuttali in the Novosibirsk metropolis. The majority of tick attacks on humans are associated with I. pavlovskyi (43.6%) and D. reticulatus (41.2%) ticks. The genetic material of the tick-borne encephalitis virus was detected in 3.6%, borrelia 13.8% and Rickettsia 23.1% individual ticks collected from humans. Genotyping of the tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in the collected ticks showed the presence of TBEV Siberian and Far Eastern genotype in 83% and 17% cases, respectively. The Kemerovo virus could not be detected. Genetic material from Borrelia spp. and Rickettsia spp. has been detected in all five tick species attacking the local human population. The bulk of the identified Borrelia spp. isolates were genotyped as Borrelia garinii (86%) and 13% of the isolates as Borrelia afzelii species. The genetic material of Borrelia miyamotoi was found in one individual tick. Ticks of the genus Dermacentor have been found to be infected by Rickettsia raoultii, and ticks of the genus Ixodes were largely infected with Rickettsia tarasevichiae, and I. persulcatus tick was infected by Rickettsia helvetica in a single case. Thus, the human population of Novosibirsk and its suburbs is attacked by five species of ixodid ticks dominated by I. pavlovskyi and D. reticulatus ticks. The genetic material of the following tick-borne pathogens was found: Siberian and Far Eastern TBEV genotype, B. garinii, B. afzelii, B. miyamotoi, R. raoulti, R. tarasevichiae and R. helvetica in the individual ticks collected from humans.

On the demand for professions in the regional labour market: the example of the Republic of Tyva

The presented article is based on the materials of sociological studies conducted in the Republic of Tyva in 2019 and 2021. The article analyses the situation in the professional segment of the labour market of the specified region of the Russian Federation, in particular, the problem of professional demand and lack of demand. The imbalance of demand and supply in the labour market is considered from the point of view of interaction between professional educational institutions and employers in the field of educational programmes. The author believes that the Russian system of vocational education as a whole is inert and clumsy, therefore it is easier to solve the problem of interaction between the education system and employers in a particular region. As an example, the joint work of the Ministries of Education and Labour of the Republic of Tyva is given. They joined forces with the objective to gradually change the system of training specialists of various levels and profiles, for which several projects had been launched. However, here, too, the inconsistency of the actions of the project developers doomed this useful and necessary undertaking to failure. It is the inconsistency of the actions of various departments, according to the author, that does not allow a timely response to economic changes, including the transformation of the professional segment of the labour market. The unresolved problem leads to inefficient and irrational use of accumulated human capital and to many problems in the socio-economic sphere, in particular, to a high level of unemployment and poverty of a significant proportion of the population. The author further examines the changes in professional demand in the region against the background of the difficult economic situation in the country.
 In the professional segment of the labour market in Russia, there is currently a huge demand for IT specialists. Experts believe that this is mainly due to the outflow of these professionals from the country. As a result, the author comes to the conclusion that at present, in the professional segment of the labour market and employment in Tyva, there is a rather unfavourable situation for both workers and employers. The former cannot find a job in accordance with their specialty, the latter cannot fully satisfy their staffing needs.

რუსეთ-უკრაინის ომის ზეგავლენა რუსეთ-სირიის ურთიერთობებზე

The current Russia-Ukrainian war had a great impact not only on the mentioned states but also went beyond their territorial scope. The political chaos has particularly affected Russia's strategic partner, in particular Syria. The states of the Middle East are characterized by a politically unstable environment, which is facilitated by the unfavorable economic situation within the country, on the basis of which a large part of the population is impoverished. That is why the political representatives of the states of the mentioned region are looking for an important strategic partner/partners to rely on and thus maintain a dominant position in their country. Syria is no exception, in this case, its ally in the region is Iran, and the position of an external actor has been occupied by the Russian state in recent years. Of course, all three states have their own interests, on the basis of which they establish relations, for example, the presence of Assad in power and the neutralization of his opponents in the country depends on the power of Iran and the Russians. At the same time, Syria imports food products from Russia. In 2021, Russia undertook to supply wheat to Syria, however, the Russian-Ukrainian war stopped this process, because the area of its attention became Ukraine as a whole, therefore it tries to use all the resources produced by it to help this war. Against the background of the ongoing war, the supply of food resources in Syria slowed down and almost fell to a minimum from Russia, which contributed to further impoverishment of the population and, of course, an increase in prices was inevitable. According to experts in the field, Iran has been given the greatest chance to take full power in Syria in its own hands, due to the fact that the epicenter of Russia's attention is another state. It is important to note that Russia's influence has not weakened from a political point of view.

Рефлексия горожанами феномена консолидации: по материалам социологического исследования

The article is devoted to the study of the state of consolidation of urban communities in the Russian regions, the diagnosis of the dispositions of citizens in relation to consolidation processes. The authors consider aspects of urban identity and relevance of consolidation in the minds of residents. The article is based on the materials of a sociological study conducted by the team of the Belgorod State National Research University in 2022 in three constituent entities of the Russian Federation: Belgorod, Voronezh and Kursk regions. It includes a questionnaire survey of the urban population (N = 1 500 respondents) based on a quota (gender, age, place of residence) of the sample. In the conditions of an unfavorable economic situation, which significantly affects the deterioration of the socio-economic foundations of local self-government, and the development of negative social processes solving the problems of urban areas is possible only through collective efforts made by the urban community. Significant opportunities for solving the aggravated problems are associated with the process of social consolidation of the local community.