Unfavorable Consequences Research Articles

Alan Donagan and the Fundamental Principle of Judeo-Christian Morality

Alan Donagan, in The Theory of Morality, famously claims that the principles of “common morality” (i.e., the morality of the Judeo-Christian tradition) form a consistent system that can be derived from a single fundamental principle: It is impermissible not to respect every human being, oneself or any other, as a rational creature. In particular, I want to show that the prohibition contained in the fundamental principle is interpreted by appeal to prior convictions about particular sorts of cases, whether they involve the violation of “respect” or not, and that this has unfavorable consequences for Donagan’s claim that the principles of common morality form a truly deductive system of morality.

Agricultural Pest and Disease Detection in Banana Plant

Agriculture is the primary source in providing food for the entire nation. Consequently, agriculture is the fundamental origin of food supply. The contributions of agriculture include increase in employment opportunity and economy of the nation. According to IBEF, in India 58% of entire population depends on agriculture as their main occupation. Currently 81.1% of the total agricultural production is produced by livestock farmers. There will be 50% of loss in yield because of pest and disease. The disease in the plant excitants farmers to use unsuitable pesticide which causes unfavorable consequences. This may lead to the reduction in soil and food quality. Besides it has an adverse impact on human life. Nevertheless, farmers are heedless of these effects. The diseases which are naturally created will cause a serious impact on yields also it will bring down the quality of the food and soil. The symptoms which can cause the less yield are infinitesimal and because of the less human vision potentiality it is difficult to recognize the disease. Plant diseases will require genuine identification and proper categorization of the crops. The developed advanced methodology will identify the diseases, percentage of spread area, pesticide name with the quantity of the pesticide require to heal particular disease using image processing technique.

High-Fat Diet as a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.

High-fat diets have been identified as a major cause of obesity and a potential risk factor for breast cancer. Fat tissue, also known as adipose tissue, produces an excess of estrogen, which has been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. Determining the impact of HFDs in the development and progression of breast cancer is essential, as it will enable us to identify the role of dietary modification in preventing and managing the disease. The impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on the development of breast cancer in humans has yet to be fully explained, as very few human studies are available to effectively analyze the effect fatty food has on breast cancer development. This meta-analysis, therefore, seeks to determine thestrength of association, if any, between HFD and an increased risk of breast cancer development. This research will help inform good eating habits, potentially reducing the disease's incidence and outcome. This meta-analysis examined eight (8) papers from various nations examining the effect of a high-fat diet as a risk factor for breast cancer developmentbetween 2010 and 2020. The study employed the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (H.R.), odds ratio (OR), or relative risk (R.R.) from the studies. Breast cancer cases were histologically and radiologically confirmed in the studies evaluated, and validated food frequency questionnaires were used to assess their dietary patterns. This metanalysis study found a substantial link between a high-fat diet and an increased risk of breast cancer, with statistically significant results (I2 = 93.38%, p0.05). Changes in dietary fat consumption may thus help mitigate some of the unfavorable consequences of breast cancer and survival. Even if further research is needed to support this assertion, the findings are compelling enough to advocate for low-fat, healthy diets to avoid breast cancer.

BS O03 Nutritional Complications After LaparoscopicRoux-en-Y Gastric Bypass and One-AnastomosisGastric Bypass: A Comparative Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract Background This systematic review and meta-analysis were done to assess the incidence of nutritional complications at follow-up after one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out involving studies that compared the nutritional complications of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB); these included the incidence of malnutrition as well as deficiencies of other nutritional elements, such as total protein, albumin, calcium, and iron. A comprehensive search strategy was implemented in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Effect sizes included the pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), as well as mean differences (MDs) and 95% CIs of the percentage total weight loss (%TWL) and excess weight loss percentage (%EWL). Results Thirteen studies were included (12,964 patients, 66.27% females, 53.82% underwent OAGB). At the longest follow-up period (≥3 years), OAGB was associated with significantly higher %TWL (MD=5.41%, 95%CI, 1.52 to 9.29) and %EWL (MD=13.81%, 95%CI, 9.60 to 18.02) compared to RYGB. However, OAGB procedures were associated with malnutrition (OR=3.00, 95%CI, 1.68 to 5.36, p<0.0001), hypoalbuminemia (OR=2.38, 95%CI, 1.65 to 3.43, p<0.0001), hypoproteinemia (OR=1.85, 95%CI, 1.09 to 3.14, p=0.022), anemia (OR=1.38, 95%CI, 1.08 to 1.77, p=0.011), and hypocalcemia (OR=1.78, 95%CI, 1.01 to 3.12, p=0.046). On subgroup analyses, the proportions of anemia and hypoalbuminemia remained significantly higher at longer follow-up periods and in studies published in Asia. Conclusions Despite the favorable weight loss profile, the unfavorable nutritional consequences of OAGB merit further investigations to explore the malabsorptive element, ethnic variation, and the role of the biliopancreatic limb length.

The effect of physical activity on gut microbiota. A review

Abstract This review examines how physical activity can modulate the gut microbiota, taking into account the training intensity used, the value of the load and the age group studied. The aim of the study is to show the significant interaction between exercise and its effects on the gut microbiota. Many of the studies we analysed showed an interesting correlation between the physical activity undertaken and the change in biodiversity and taxon representation, so we concluded that exercise can significantly modulate the composition of the gut microbiome. This also works the other way around, as doing too much intense and taxing exercise can lead to so-called intestinal dysbiosis, which promotes inflammatory reactions and other unfavourable metabolic consequences. Therefore, in this review, we have analysed the latest and most interesting body of literature oscillating around the complex relationship between the movement undertaken and its impact on the microbiome.

How do people react to AI failure? Automation bias, algorithmic aversion, and perceived controllability

Abstract AI can make mistakes and cause unfavorable consequences. It is important to know how people react to such AI-driven negative consequences and subsequently evaluate the fairness of AI’s decisions. This study theorizes and empirically tests two psychological mechanisms that explain the process: (a) heuristic expectations of AI’s consistent performance (automation bias) and subsequent frustration of unfulfilled expectations (algorithmic aversion) and (b) heuristic perceptions of AI’s controllability over negative results. Our findings from two experimental studies reveal that these two mechanisms work in an opposite direction. First, participants tend to display more sensitive responses to AI’s inconsistent performance and thus make more punitive assessments of AI’s decision fairness, when compared to responses to human experts. Second, as participants perceive AI has less control over unfavorable outcomes than human experts, they are more tolerant in their assessments of AI.

The impacts on the locomotor system triggered by the coxa valga and coxa vara pathologies: an integrative review

The coxa valga and coxa vara are considered morphological alterations determined by a change in the colodiaphyseal angle, which is the angulation between the femoral neck and the femoral shaft. In a normal adult individual, this angle varies between 120° and 135°, however, when there is an angle smaller than 120°, it is called “coxa vara”, and in the case of an angulation, greater than 135°, it is called “coxa valga”. And these changes can generate impacts to the locomotor system that affect the quality of life of individuals with these deformities. Therefore, this study aims to highlight the main functional impairments of the skeletal, muscular and joint systems caused by coxa valga and coxa vara. Articles were collected in the MEDLINE and BVS databases, with the descriptors (“coxa valga” OR “coxa vara”), during the month of September 2022. Subsequently, the selected material was carefully analyzed in order to gather the most relevant information on the topic proposed. Eleven articles were included in the review, with the main results found in the articles placed in a prism flowchart as a form of summary. Therefore, through this review, there are numerous unfavorable consequences for the locomotor system that the presence of coxa valga and coxa vara entail for the lives of affected individuals.

Якби не було війни: прогноз демографічних показників для громад Вишгородського району Київської області

Demographic processes have been disturbed on those Ukrainian territories which have undergone occupation as a result of Russian Federation’s war against Ukraine. However, in order to rebuild such territories, local authorities need information on the prospects of demographic situation. Therefore, determining possible information sources and choosing models to forecast demographic indicators for local communities is relevant. The purpose of this work is identifying possible information sources and choosing models to predict demographic indicators for local communities; forecasting of population numbers, birth rate and mortality via splines for Vyshgorodsky district, Kyiv oblast communities. Novelty: forecasting of demographic indicators for local communities via spline functions. It has been shown that retrospective demographic research at local communities level is possible, if the communities’ contemporary borders correspond to the past administrative and territorial division. However, there are certain limitations regarding the indicators set. The analysis of 1979-2020 data on population numbers, birth rate and mortality for Ivankivsky and Polisky local communities has shown that the 1986-1988 data cannot be used for forecasting, since it varies considerably. This has been caused by the evacuation of residents from Chornobyl Exclusion Zone and administrative and territorial changes. The usage of spline functions in forecasting has shown that splines which have 5-7 knots are optimal. The most adequate forecasts of population numbers can be obtained via cubic splines, whereas the most trustworthy forecasts of birth rate and mortality – via linear continuous splines. It has been determined that the last years’ trends in population numbers, birth rate and mortality would continue in Vyshgorodsky district, Kyiv oblast local communities during 2021-2024. Due to hostilities on the territory of the district, there is no true data on demographic situation, and actual data may turn out to be far from the forecasted because of families with children emigration and mortality growth. Further research to improve the methodology of demographic forecasting by taking into account accidents that cause unfavorable demographic consequences is necessary.

Exchange rate and energy demand in G7 countries: Fresh insights from Quantile ARDL model

The empirical literature examines the effect of exchange rate on energy demand. However, the existing literature fails to investigate the effect during different states of energy demand, that is, when energy demand is relatively high and when it is quite low. We extend the prior literature by examining the effect of exchange rates on various states of energy demand in G7 countries. We use the Quantile ARDL (QARDL) model and compare its results with standard ARDL and nonlinear ARDL models. In addition, we use the Granger causality in Quantile (GCQ) test for robustness purposes. The standard ARDL and nonlinear ARDL estimates show that cointegration exists in the context of France only. In contrast, QARDL estimates support cointegration in all sample countries. Moreover, the QARDL estimates indicate that the short-run and long-run effect varies across various quantiles of the energy demand, suggesting different policy implications during different states of the energy demand. Finally, GCQ estimates suggest that the exchange rate causes energy demand across various quantiles of the exchange rate and energy demand. In contrast, energy demand does not cause exchange rate at most quantiles. These findings indicate that devising policies without considering the different states of energy demand may lead to unfavourable consequences.

Are depression, resilience and fear of COVID-19 related to eating behavior and nutrition status of university students?

ObjectivesThis study was designed to examine eating behaviors and their association with fear and depression states concerning COVID-19 among students in Turkey. MethodsA total number of 499 students, 336 (67.3%) female and 163 (32.7%) male, participated in an online-based cross-sectional study. The survey collected data on the Dutch eating behavior questionnaire (DEBQ), along with measuring psychological effect by using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and Brief Resilience Scale. In addition, 24-h dietary records were used to calculate the daily energy and macronutrient intakes in the study. ResultsA negative correlation between brief resilience and fear of COVID-19 was found. Total and subdomain DEBQ scores were positively correlated with fear of COVID-19; conversely, there was a negative correlation with brief resilience (P < 0.05). More than half (58.9%) of students had depression, and students who had moderate and severe depression had higher total DEBQ and emotional eating scores. Students with severe depression had the highest levels of fear of COVID-19. Students having higher daily energy intake had greater fear concerning COVID-19, and the daily energy intake was negatively correlated with restrained and external eating. ConclusionsDuring the pandemic, negative psychological effects resulted in unfavorable dietary behavioral consequences, depending on the increasing levels of stress.

The Association between Socio-Demographics and Mental Distress Following COVID-19 Vaccination-Mediation of Vaccine Hesitancy.

The COVID-19 vaccine has been administered to over 200 countries and regions. With the unprecedented vaccination scale and speed, vaccination correlated mental health issues should be paid precise attention to. This study aims to assess the association between socio-demographic factors and mental health following vaccination and to analyze the mediation effect of vaccine hesitancy. This study recruited 2112 individuals who took two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine in Shanghai. Structural equation modeling was performed to assess factors associated with anxiety and depression of the vaccinated individuals and the underlying mechanism. The results yielded that vaccine hesitancy partially mediated/suppressed the effect from gender and employment status to anxiety/depression and fully mediated the effects from education to anxiety/depression. This study advanced the understanding of mental health disparity among different socio-demographic groups after vaccination and the impact of vaccine hesitancy on the vaccinated population’s mental health. The finding offered insights into the possible mental vulnerability of people holding a hesitant attitude before vaccination and suggested that vaccine hesitancy played a crucial role in people’s mental health after vaccination. Health promotion programs can target vaccine hesitancy to prevent unfavorable mental health consequences among specific populations.

Causes and effects of contract management problems: Case study of road construction

Contract management is a crucial component of any project. As construction projects are complex and difficult to manage, adequate attention must be given to the related contract management issues. Inexpert management can bring about serious unfavourable consequences that can even result in a project failure. This study aims to explore a specific case study: A private road construction project implemented in the Czech Republic. The analysis consists in identifying potential problems and discussion of their implications. The problem is investigated on three levels: economic, technical and legal. The paper also considers contrasting attitudes of the contracting parties (buyer and supplier), e.g., from the point of view of the causes of problems. Several recommendations are formulated on the basis of the research findings. The results of this study have an ambition to improve contract management capabilities in the construction sector in order to prevent the occurrence of similar problems in future and contribute to our understanding of long-term effects of contract management problems throughout the life cycle.

Predictors of taxonomic splitting and its role in primate conservation

AbstractSpecies are the main unit used to measure biodiversity, but different preferred operational criteria can lead to very different delineations. For instance, named primate species have more than doubled in number since 1982. Such increases have been partly attributed to a shift away from the “biological species concept” (BSC) in favor of less inclusive species criteria. Critics of recent changes in primate taxonomy have suggested taxonomic splitting may be biased toward certain clades and have unfavorable consequences for conservation. Here, we explore predictors of taxonomic splitting across primate taxa since the initial shift away from the BSC nearly 40 years ago. We do not find evidence that net diversification rate, the rate of lineage formation over evolutionary time, is significantly linked to splitting, contrary to expectations if new species concepts and taxonomic methods identify incipient species. We also do not find evidence that research effort in fields where work has been suggested to motivate splitting is associated with increases in species numbers among genera. To test the suggestion that splitting groups is likely to increase their perceived risk of extinction, we test whether genera that have undergone more splitting have also observed a greater increase in their proportion of threatened species since the initial shift away from older taxonomic methods. We find no cohesive signal of taxonomic splitting leading to higher threat probabilities across primate genera. Thus, our analysis suggests that the threat statuses of primate species are not being overwhelmingly driven by splitting. Regardless, we echo warnings that it is unwise for conservation to be reliant on taxonomic stability. Species (however defined) are not independent from one another, thus, monitoring and managing them as such may not meet the overarching goal of conserving biodiversity.

Increased rate of respiratory symptoms in children with Down syndrome: a 2-year web-based parent-reported prospective study

To compare the incidence of respiratory symptoms and short-term consequences between children with Down syndrome and children from the general population, we conducted a prospective parent-reported observational study. Children with Down syndrome (≤ 18 years) were included between March 2012 and June 2014. Caregivers received a baseline questionnaire with follow-up 1–2 years after inclusion. Caregivers received a weekly questionnaire about respiratory symptoms, fever, antibiotic prescriptions, doctor’s visits, and consequences for school and work attendance. Children with Down syndrome were compared to a cohort of the general population (“Kind en Ziek” study) with similar weekly questionnaires. A total of 9,011 childweeks were reported for 116 participants with Down syndrome (75% response rate). The frequency of respiratory symptoms was higher in children with Down syndrome than in children from the general population (30% vs 15.2%). In addition, symptoms subsided later (around 8 vs 5 years of age). The seasonal influence was limited, both in children with Down syndrome and children from the general population. Consequences of respiratory disease were significant in children with Down syndrome compared to children from the general population, with a higher rate of doctor’s visits (21.3% vs 11.8%), antibiotic prescriptions (47.8% vs 26.3%), and absenteeism from school (55.5% vs 25.4%) and work (parents, 9.4% vs 8.1%). Conclusion: Children with Down syndrome have a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms and symptoms last until a later age, confirming the impression of professionals and caregivers. Individualized treatment plans might prevent unfavorable consequences of chronic recurrent respiratory disease in children with Down syndrome.What is Known:• Children with Down syndrome have an altered immune system and are prone to a more severe course of respiratory tract infections.• The overall conception is that patients with Down syndrome suffer from respiratory tract infections more often.What is New:• Children with Down syndrome suffer from respiratory symptoms more frequently than children from the general population.• The respiratory symptoms in children with Down syndrome subside at a later age compared to children from the general population.

Maternal obesity: new placental paradigms unfolded.

The prevalence of maternal obesity is increasing at an alarming rate, and is providing a major challenge for obstetric practice. Adverse effects on maternal and fetal health are mediated by complex interactions between metabolic, inflammatory, and oxidative stress signaling in the placenta. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) are common downstream pathways of cell stress, and there is evidence that this conserved homeostatic response may be a key mediator in the pathogenesis of placental dysfunction. We summarize the current literature on the placental cellular and molecular changes that occur in obese women. A special focus is cast onto placental ER stress in obese pregnancy, which may provide a novel link for future investigation.

A Study on Zakat Education Assistance for Poor Asnaf Student in Sabah

Zakat has been acknowledged for its role in establishing social justice and security among the Muslim community to avoid economic inequalities and unfavorable consequences. This study examines the role of zakat education assistance in growing human capital and balanced wealth distribution. Furthermore, educational assistantship such as scholarships, educational institution development, and education enhancement through training, workshops, seminars, and motivation for the poor asnaf student in Sabah has been discussed. Finally, a highlight on the managerial challenges and recommendations for zakat education assistance. Hence, this article will analyze the previous related article to gain an in-depth understanding of the current knowledge and information on the effort of zakat institution in empowering the education among poor asnaf students. The findings show that the zakat institution creates numerous efforts where it creates opportunities for the poor asnaf student to pursue their education in higher education and reduce the wealth gaps among poor Muslim society. The practical implication of this study will enhance the education performance monitoring system for poor asnaf students.

Acknowledging the Role of Community Health Workers in Providing Essential Healthcare Services in Rural India-A Review.

In underserved communities, the community health worker (CHW) concept has been employed to improve health and lessen unfavourable health consequences. In India's rural healthcare delivery system, auxiliary nurse midwives (ANMs), accredited social health activists (ASHA workers), and Anganwadi workers (AWWs) are the primary field-level frontline officials who come into direct contact with the population. They bear a large portion of the burden of carrying out health services. This review investigated the various contributions made by these CHWs, ANMs, ASHA workers, and AWWs to the advancement of basic healthcare in Indian rural areas. The goal of reviewing this paper was to learn more about what CHWs do to provide the target demographic with high-quality healthcare. A thorough literature search was conducted using crucial databases including PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar. Recent studies were examined to determine how well CHWs perform essential healthcare services in low and middle-income nations. Numerous studies demonstrate how their work has a good effect on society. The length of time CHWs spend at work each day and how well they perform as a whole depends on several variables. This review study showed that, globally, there is a growing interest in CHWs' performance. In terms of incentives, pay, and training expenses, CHWs are thought to be a more affordable option than other types of health workers. They are recognised as the main factors in providing promotive, preventive, curative and rehabilitative healthcare services, achieving enhanced neonatal and maternal health and the development of children and adolescents. The current review also examined previous studies on the work done by CHWs and their potential benefits for enhancing primary healthcare in rural India. It focused on the routine work done by these health workers to increase service accessibility and access to high-quality healthcare, particularly for individuals living in rural areas. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the functions and general status of community health workers (CHWs), as well as recognise their role, to improve their efficiency in providing basic healthcare services to society and make necessary changes in the future.

The Global Impact of COVID-19 on Threat Appraisals.

We planned an infodemiological analysis to estimate the global impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on threat appraisals. We accessed Google Trends using the search terms “Anxiety”, “Distress”, “Fear”, “Rumination”, “Stress” and “Worry” within the “topic” domain, setting the geographical location to “worldwide”, between July 2017 and July 2022. The weekly Google Trends score for the six search terms, thus, mirroring Web popularity and probable prevalence, was compared between the two search periods, “pre-COVID” (between July 2017 and February 2020) and COVID (between March 2020 and July 2022), thus, reflecting the volume of searches before and during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The median weekly Google Trends score of all these search terms significantly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, i.e., anxiety by 22%, distress by 13%, fear by 9%, rumination by 18%, stress by 13% and worry by 20%. With variable strength, the weekly Google Trends scores of each search term were found to be significantly associated (all p < 0.001). We can, hence, conclude that the enhanced burden of threat appraisals observed after SARS-CoV-2 spread leads the way to establish preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic measures in order to limit the unfavorable mental health consequences caused by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Unfavorable prognosis and clinical consequences of APOBEC3B expression in breast and other cancers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Controversy exists regarding the association of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B APOBEC3B, (A3B) overexpression and poor prognosis, metastasis, and chemotherapy drug resistance in cancers. Here we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine its prognostic value and clinicopathological features in breast cancer and some other malignancies. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched up to Feb 2022 for the association of A3B with breast, ovarian, gastrointestinal and lung cancers. The pooled hazard ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) were evaluated to assess disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) in cancers under study. Over 3700 patients were included in this meta-survey. Elevated levels of A3B were significantly related to low OS (pooled HR = 1.30; 95% CI:1.09-1.55, P < 0.01), poor DFS (pooled HR = 1.66; 95% CI:1.17-2.35, P < 0.01) and poor RFS (HR = 1.51, 95% CI:1.11-2.04, P = 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that high A3B expression was associated with poor OS in lung (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.40-2.45), and breast cancers (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.00-1.89). High expression of A3B did not display any significant association with clinicopathologic features. APOBEC3B overexpression is related to poor OS, DFS and RFS only in some cancer types and no generalized role could be predicted for all cancers.

Adverse Cardiac Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Infection

The coronavirus pandemic has spread globally and resulted in the registered deaths of over 5.5 million people, with nearly 380 million infected, straining health systems focused on transmission suppression and supportive care because specific treatment options are limited. COVID-19 is a microvascular disease with dominant respiratory representation, but a significant number of patients experience multisystem or extrarespiratory organ involvement. Although severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 has some degree of a direct cytopathic effect on cardiomyocytes, the oxidative burst on a microvascular level seems to be the key for both short- and long-term adverse health effects. Targeted diagnostics and treatment without substantial delay may reduce the amplified immune response; otherwise, considerable tissue damage may occur with unfavourable consequences, including acute and chronic cardiac syndromes. This paper reviews the pathomechanisms relevant to the short- and long-term cardiac effects of COVID-19. Data were identified by searching the PubMed database and reviewing references from relevant articles published in English; abstracts and meeting reports were excluded.