Unfavorable Behaviors Research Articles

Familial Correlates of Leisure Time Activities among Polish Early School-Age Children: A Cross-Sectional Study

The after-school period may play a critical role in the accumulation of children’s physical activity and sedentary time. The study aimed to characterize familial correlates of early school-age children’s leisure time activities. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a group of 223 children (mean age 8.7 ± 0.5) and their parents. The percentage of children with daily leisure time physical activity (LTPA) >1 h was 23.32%, and with daily screen time <2 h was 32.74%. The average children’s leisure time physical activity was significantly higher on weekend days than on weekdays (114.85 vs. 89.43 min, p = 0.005). Similarly, the average screen time was higher on weekend days than on weekdays (95.50 vs. 66.10 min, p < 0.001). The multivariate regression analysis revealed that independent predictors of children’s leisure time physical activity were the father’s education level and the father’s occupational status, whereas at least one parent with higher education correlated negatively with children’s longer screen time. The study showed that children’s leisure time activities are associated with parental education and differ significantly between weekdays and weekend days. These findings underline the need for screening for unfavorable health behaviors among early school-age children, and indicate that health promotion programs should be oriented on both parents and children aiming to improve parental health consciousness, reduce screen time and increase physical activity, especially during the weekend.

Epigenetic Age Acceleration and Chronic Health Conditions Among Adult Survivors of Childhood Cancer.

Mounting evidence supports the occurrence of accelerating aging among long-term survivors of childhood cancer. We aimed to investigate epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in survivors and evaluate associations between EAA, treatment exposures, health behaviors, and chronic health conditions (CHCs). Genome-wide methylation data were generated with Infinium EPIC BeadChip on blood-derived DNA from 2139 survivors and 282 frequency matched controls from the St Jude Lifetime Cohort Study. EAAs were estimated as residuals from a linear regression of epigenetic age (Levine's clock) against chronological age. Adjusted least square mean (ALSM) of EAA was calculated and compared between survivors and controls, across treatment exposures and health behaviors. Associations of EAA with 20 clinically assessed CHCs were evaluated with multivariable piecewise-exponential models. All statistical tests for P values below were 2-sided. EAA was statistically significantly higher in survivors than controls (ALSM = 0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26 to 1.01 vs -3.61, 95% CI = -4.43 to 2.80). In a multivariable model among survivors, statistically significantly higher EAA (P < .05) was observed in those exposed to chest radiotherapy, abdomen or pelvic radiotherapy, alkylating agents, glucocorticoids, or epipodophyllotoxins. Compared with survivors with favorable health behaviors (ALSM = 0.26, 95% CI=-0.36 to 0.87), EAA was statistically significantly higher among survivors with intermediate (ALSM = 1.07, 95% CI = 0.59 to 1.54) or unfavorable health behaviors (ALSM = 1.45, 95% CI = 0.60 to 2.30). In time-to-event analyses, statistically significant associations were identified between EAA tertiles and incidence of 7 CHCs: hypertension (3rd vs 1st tertile, relative rate [RR] = 1.83, 95% CI = 1.17 to 2.83), myocardial infarction (RR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.27 to 7.21), obesity (RR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.66), obstructive pulmonary deficit (RR = 1.86, 95% CI = 0.95 to 3.77), peripheral motor neuropathy (RR = 2.89, 95% CI = 1.24 to 6.97), peripheral sensory neuropathy (RR = 2.04, 95% CI = 0.99 to 4.26), and pulmonary diffusion deficits (RR = 2.75, 95% CI = 0.95 to 7.63). EAA is statistically significantly higher in survivors of childhood cancer than in noncancer controls and is associated with specific treatment exposures, unfavorable health behaviors, and presence of specific CHCs.

Abstract 5414: Epigenetic age acceleration and chronic health conditions among adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort

Abstract Background: The epigenetic clock becomes an important biomarker in aging research, where epigenetic age (EA) approximates chronological age with high accuracy and epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) demonstrates superior performance in predicting health outcomes in the general population. The utility of EAA among adult survivors of childhood cancer is largely unknown. We aimed to compare EAA between childhood cancer survivors and non-cancer controls, and evaluate associations between EAA, treatment exposures, health behaviors, and chronic health conditions (CHCs) among survivors. Methods: Genome-wide methylation data were generated with Infinium EPIC BeadChip on blood derived DNA from 2139 survivors and 282 community controls with no prior history of cancer. EAA was estimated as the residual value from the fit of a simple linear regression of EA (using Levine's clock) on chronological age (i.e., age at DNA sampling). Cumulative doses of chemotherapy and region-specific radiation exposures were abstracted from medical records. Health behaviors including physical activity, diet, tobacco smoking, and alcohol consumption were assessed from questionnaires and categorized as favorable, intermediate and unfavorable. Multivariable piecewise-exponential regression model was employed to evaluate associations of EAA with 59 clinically assessed CHCs. Results: EA was highly correlated with chronological age with the same Pearson coefficient (r = 0.88) in survivors and controls; however, EAA was significantly higher in survivors than controls, overall (adjusted least square mean [ALSM] = 0.63 vs. -3.61 years, P&amp;lt;0.001) and across primary diagnoses (ranging from ALSM = -1.27 in central nervous system tumor to 4.61 in Hodgkin lymphoma). Among survivors, significantly higher EAA was associated with exposures to chest RT, abdomen/pelvic RT, alkylating agents, glucocorticoids, or epipodophyllotoxins. Compared to survivors with favorable health behaviors (ALSM = 0.26), EAA was higher in survivors with intermediate (1.07, P = 0.04) or unfavorable health behaviors (1.45, P = 0.03). After adjusting for attained age, sex, age at diagnosis, and treatment, significant linear trends across tertiles of EAA were identified in associations with occurrences of five CHCs: hypertension (Relative Rate = 1.83 for survivors with EAA in the 3rd vs. the 1st tertile, 95% CI = 1.17-2.83); myocardial infraction (2.91, 1.27-7.21); obesity (1.39, 1.17-1.66); obstructive pulmonary deficit (1.86, 0.95-3.77); and peripheral sensory neuropathy (2.04, 0.99-4.26). Conclusion: EAA is significantly higher in childhood cancer survivors than non-cancer controls and is associated with treatment exposures, health behaviors, and CHCs. Clinically, EAA may inform intervention strategies including health coaching to prevent or delay the onset of CHCs among survivors of childhood cancer. Citation Format: Na Qin, Zhenghong Li, Nan Song, John Easton, Heather Mulder, Emily Plyler, Geoffery Neale, Emily Walker, Carmen L. Wilson, Melissa M. Hudson, Yutaka Yasui, Leslie L. Robison, Jinghui Zhang, Kirsten K. Ness, Zhaoming Wang. Epigenetic age acceleration and chronic health conditions among adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5414.

Implicações das redes sociais online para a educação da sensibilidade

A violência pode ser identificada na sociedade contemporânea tanto no ambiente virtual quanto no não virtual. Os comportamentos violentos no ambiente não virtual foram analisados por Abib como sendo frutos do conflito entre as sensibilidades primeva e evoluída e propõe, então, o projeto de educação da sensibilidade, que visa restaurar o equilíbrio entre essas sensibilidades. Este trabalho buscou avaliar se as redes sociais online podem contribuir para a educação da sensibilidade cumprindo com seus princípios e estratégias. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa teórico-bibliográfica, cujas fontes foram 34 artigos publicados na revista Computers and Human Behavior; e a análise se pautou nos conceitos fundamentais da educação da sensibilidade. Foram identificados comportamentos favoráveis (pró-sociais) os quais se pautam nos princípios e estratégias da educação da sensibilidade, e comportamentos desfavoráveis (antissociais) que não são condizentes com os princípios e estratégias da educação da sensibilidade. Concluiu-se que as redes sociais online poderiam viabilizar a educação da sensibilidade, mas as possibilidades de anonimato, perfis falsos, e a própria estrutura da Internet pode dificultar o seu desenvolvimento.

Women\u2019s experiences of the journey to chronic widespread pain: a qualitative study

BackgroundChronic widespread pain (CWP) is a musculoskeletal disorder that affects approximately 10% of the population. It is more common in women than in men. It is important to understand how CWP develops and how it is maintained in order to prevent poor pain prognosis. Long term studies have shown that a mere part improves over time or fluctuates in their CWP condition. Female gender is one of the factors associated with persistence of CWP, suggesting men and women may experience their journey to CWP differently. The aim of the study was to explore women’s experiences of the journey to CWP.Methods19 women between 45 and 67 years of age who had not reported CWP in the EPIPAIN survey in 1995, but reported CWP in 2016, participated in the study. Data was collected through individual interviews, where open-ended questions were used to explore the women’s experiences of their pain journey. The interviews were analyzed with a manifest qualitative content analysis.ResultsThe women described their journey to CWP in terms of triggering, aggravating, and consolidating factors, from which three different categories emerged. Experiencing that environmental circumstances affect the pain journey refers to factors outside the women’s immediate control, which appeared as unmanageable work-related demands, lack of social support, unfavorable physical environments, and traumatic events. Experiencing that lifestyle affects the pain journey refers to events that are consciously or unconsciously carried out by the women, including different levels of physical efforts and unfavorable behaviors. Experiencing that personal attributes affect the pain journey refers to the women’s characteristics in terms of an anxious state of mind and adverse biological impact.ConclusionsThe women experienced that environmental circumstances, lifestyle, and personal attributes affected their CWP. How these adversities influenced the pain journey varied among the women. These findings show that women are conscious of the complexity of the condition and can describe the broad context of their pain journey. This study confirms the complexity of pain progress and highlights the individual’s awareness of this complexity, which is important to consider when introducing interventions, and when expecting compliance to interventions.

Improving the health of workers with a low socioeconomic position: Intervention Mapping as a useful method for adaptation of the Participatory Approach

BackgroundWorkers with a low socioeconomic position (SEP) have a higher risk for health problems and premature dropout from the workforce. Unfavorable working conditions and unhealthy behaviors are more prevalent among this group of workers. The Participatory Approach (PA), is an evidence-based method to identify and solve problems at the workplace related to health issues of the worker. Health problems among workers with a low SEP are usually caused by an interplay of problems in and outside the workplace. To solve health problems on multiple life domains for workers with a low SEP we aim to adapt this approach to a broader perspective.MethodsAn Intervention Mapping (IM) protocol was used to adapt the PA. First, a needs assessment was conducted combining literature with data from interviews and focus groups with workers with a low SEP, employers and occupational health professionals (OHPs). Based on the needs assessment a program goal and performance and change objectives were defined, which resulted in methods and practical strategies to solve problems on multiple life domains. Based on the results of these steps, the PA was adapted and an implementation and evaluation plan were developed.ResultsThe needs assessment confirmed that an interplay of problems on multiple life domains affect work functioning and health of workers with a low SEP. Moreover, they perceived difficulties with solving problems or used passive or avoidant coping styles towards these problems. The program goal is to identify and solve problems on multiple life domains that affect healthy functioning at work. To achieve this workers need support from OHPs to solve problems. The PA protocol and materials were adapted using theoretical concepts of the Self-Determination Theory (SDT), which resulted in the Grip on Health intervention. For OHPs a training was developed on how to implement this intervention in practice. The intervention will be evaluated in a pilot implementation study among workers with a low SEP and other relevant stakeholders.ConclusionsIM was a valuable tool for the adaptation of the PA to better support workers with a low SEP to improve their work functioning and health from a broader perspective.

Motivational interviewing to prevent early childhood caries: A randomized controlled trial

ObjectivesPrevailing health education (PE) often fails to achieve sustained behavioral changes. This randomized controlled trial integrated motivational interviewing (MI) and a patient communication tool featuring interactive caries risk assessment (RA) into PE and investigated the effectiveness of PE, PE + MI, and PE + MI + RA in preventing early childhood caries. MethodsThis study targeted children aged 3-4 years with unfavorable oral health behaviors. 692 parent-child dyads were recruited, randomly assigned into three groups (PE, PE + MI, and PE + MI + RA), and received respective interventions. A questionnaire was completed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months to collect information on socio-demographic background, parental efficacy and children’s oral health behaviors. Children’s oral hygiene status and dental caries were recorded at baseline and after 12 months. Results655 (94.7%) parent-child dyads remained in the study after 12 months. Caries increment was significantly lower in PE + MI group (β=-0.717, 95% CI: -1.035, -0.398) and PE + MI + RA group [β=-0.600, 95% CI: -0.793, -0.407] than in PE group. There was significantly greater reduction in plaque score in PE + MI group (β=-0.077, 95% CI: -0.106, -0.048) and PE + MI + RA group (β=-0.075, 95% CI: -0.113, -0.036), as compared with PE group. Significantly greater improvements were found in parental efficacy and children’s oral health behaviors in PE + MI and PE + MI + RA groups than in PE group (all p < 0.05). There was no significant difference between PE + MI group and PE + MI + RA group across all outcome measures (all p > 0.05). ConclusionsIntergration of motivational interviewing improves the effectiveness of prevailing health education in preventing early childhood caries, enhancing parental efficacy, and improving children’s oral health behaviors. Incorporation of the communication tool for caries risk assessment does not further improve the effectiveness of motivational interviewing in protecting children’s oral health. Clinical SignificanceThe findings of this study provide much needed evidence for dentists, dental auxiliary staff and public health workers to select effective intervention to empower parents for improving children’s oral health behaviors and preventing early childhood caries.

Eating behavior tendencies among Finnish adults in relation to previous weight loss attempts

BackgroundThe number of weight loss attempts may be associated with higher weight status and unfavorable health behaviors as well as dysfunctional eating behaviors. We aimed to study eating behavior tendencies, i.e., cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating among a sample of Finnish adults who had engaged in a different number of attempts to lose weight during their lifetime. MethodsData were collected through a web-based survey. Participants completed a background questionnaire (including questions on weight, height, number of attempts to lose weight) and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (TFEQ-R18). Out of 1985 individuals, 1679 with complete data were included in the study. The TFEQ-R18 was tested for its reliability and fit to our study population using Cronbach's alpha and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). ResultsSubscales of the TFEQ-R18 had acceptable reliability except for that of ‘cognitive restraint’, which reached acceptable reliability when three items were deleted (items 15, 16, 18). The revised version of the questionnaire was designated as the TFEQ-R15, which showed good fit based on CFA fit indices. Participants who had attempted to lose weight during their lifetime (n = 1229), especially those with ≥3 weight loss attempts (n = 499), had greater cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, and higher body mass index (BMI) than those with no previous weight loss attempts (n = 132). ConclusionsOur findings suggest that eating behavior tendencies, i.e., decreasing tendencies of uncontrolled and emotional eating should receive more emphasis to support successful weight management.

Efforts in Improving Environmental Sanitation of Elementary School Students through Eco-education

In 2017, many schools were not yet equipped with good sanitation facilities. In Indonesia, 1.5 million children under five die of diarrhea every year. This community partnership program aims to increase students’ knowledge about environmental sanitation and improve environmental sanitation behavior. The method used quantitative and qualitative method. Quantitative method is resultant from questionnaires data and qualitative method used to direct observation through Focus Group Discussion (FGD. The data of students’ knowledge and behavior were analyzed using bivariate analysis. The results of this activity showed that at the pretest, the elementary school students’ knowledge was 90.62%, which was in the good category, and the peer educator’s knowledge was 82.14%, which was in the good category. At the posttest, the elementary school students’ knowledge increased to 94.08%, which was in the good category, and the peer educator’s knowledge increased to 90%, which was in the good category. The elementary school students’ sanitation behavior was 67.60%, which can be categorized as good. Correlation test results showed no significant relationship between students’ knowledge and behavior (p &gt; 0.05). It can be concluded that there was an increase in students’ and peer educators’ knowledge about environmental sanitation after the implementation of community partnership program. Unfavorable sanitation behaviors were seen in the behaviors of littering, not washing hands before eating, and consuming unhealthy snack. Meanwhile, good sanitation behavior was seen in the behavior of bathing twice a day and defecating in the toilet/water closet

Associations of Psychosocial Factors with Multiple Health Behaviors: A Population-Based Study of Middle-Aged Men and Women.

Background: The health behaviors smoking, risky alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity, and poor diet constitute the main contributors to non-communicable diseases. Clustering of risk behaviors is common and increases the risk of these diseases. Despite health benefits, it is difficult to change health behaviors. Psychosocial factors could play a role in health behavior change, with research showing relationships between unfavorable psychosocial factors and health risk behaviors. However, many studies only investigated one or two health behaviors at a time. The present study, therefore, aimed to investigate associations between a broad range of psychosocial factors and multiple health risk behaviors in a general middle-aged population in Sweden. Methods: A cross-sectional design was used to investigate a random sample from the general population in Sweden (n = 1007, 45–69 years, 50% women). Questionnaire data on health behaviors (smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and fruit/vegetable intake) and psychosocial factors, with both psychological and social resources (social integration, emotional support, perceived control, self-esteem, sense of coherence and trust) and psychological risk factors (cynicism, vital exhaustion, hopelessness and depressiveness), were analyzed. Logistic and ordinal logistic regression were used to analyze associations between psychosocial factors and multiple (0–1, 2 or 3–4) health risk behaviors. Results: A total of 50% of the sample had two health risk behaviors and 18% had three health risk behaviors. After adjusting for age, sex, education, employment status, and immigrant status, eight out of 10 psychosocial factors (exceptions: social integration and self-esteem) showed significant odds ratios (ORs) in the expected directions; low levels of psychosocial resources and high levels of psychosocial risk factors were associated with multiple risk behaviors. The strongest associations with multiple risk behaviors were seen for vital exhaustion (adjusted (adj.) OR 1.28; confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.46), depressiveness (adj. OR 1.32, CI 1.14–1.52), and trust (adj. OR 0.80, CI 0.70–0.91). When controlling for all psychosocial factors in the same model, only the association with trust remained statistically significant (adj. OR 0.89, CI 0.73–1.00, p = 0.050). Associations with individual health behaviors were fewer and scattered, with no psychosocial factor being related to all four behaviors. Conclusions: Examining associations between a broad range of psychosocial factors and multiple health risk behaviors revealed consistent and significant associations for almost all psychosocial factors. These associations were stronger compared to associations to single health risk behaviors. Our findings support the relevance of considering psychosocial aspects in interventions aimed at health behavior change, especially for people with multiple health risk behaviors.

Los estudiantes universitarios y sus metas académicas. Implicancias en el logro y retraso de los estudios

El artículo analiza las metas con que estudiantes de ingeniería afrontaron el aprendizaje en el momento de ingresar en la universidad y cinco años después. Particularmente interesan las relaciones de las metas, con el logro o demora en el cursado de la carrera. Participaron 48 estudiantes de ingeniería de la Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, pertenecientes a la cohorte 2012, quienes fueron contactados para la recolección de datos cinco años después de su ingreso. Los 48 sujetos dieron respuesta a un cuestionario administrado personalmente. Los resultados mostraron que entre los estudiantes con trayectorias de logro prevalecen desde el ingreso, y se sostienen cinco años después, metas de aprendizaje. Mientras que, en aquellos estudiantes que tras cinco años de cursado no habían aprobado aún el 50% de la carrera, prevalecían metas tales como salvar la autoestima y evitar el fracaso, asociadas con la adopción de conductas poco favorables para el aprendizaje.

Food and lifestyle education at primary and secondary school: an Italian project on health promotion

Abstract Background Nutrition and life styles have a crucial role as health determinants. In particular, an intervention on eating habits and physical activity/inactivity does heavily influence obesity and overweight prevention, alongside associated diseases. Preteen and teenage profile is critical for developing the state of health in adulthood, and it is heavily determined by the sociocultural family background. For this reason, school could become an important actor in health promotion, in the form of coordinated and cross-disciplinary courses about food and behaviors. The aim of the study is to verify the effect of an intervention of food education in several schools. Methods This cross-sectional study, originated from the “sCOOL FOOD” project of Monte dei Paschi Foundation of Siena, involves schools of southeastern Tuscany, Italy. The project currently engages various classes from primary and secondary schools in which year-round awareness campaigns are conducted. The activities consist in theory classes and workshops held by professionals or teachers of the school previously trained for the purpose. A same questionnaire was administered to families before and after each campaign, exploring eating habits, lifestyle and biometrics. The data analyzed so far date from October 2017 to May 2018. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed on the distributions of children BMI classes, defined according to IOTF cutoffs, obtained exclusively from participants who submitted both questionnaires. Results 308 paired records of data were collected as mentioned above. We found that, after the campaign, children BMI classes distribution shift towards reduction was statistically significant (z=-2.053; p &amp;lt; 0.05). Conclusions Since the intervention was able to influence a childhood health determinant, it could be an opportunity to compensate those family dynamics that could lead towards health disadvantages in adulthood. Key messages A coordinated and cross-disciplinary food and lifestyle year-round education campaign at school can impact on health determinants of children. School can correct unfavorable eating and lifestyle behaviors determined by family habits.

Need for recovery in relation to effort from work and health in four occupations

ObjectiveTo examine three levels of need for recovery (NFR) after work in relation to effort from work demands, demand compensatory strategies, effort-moderating or -reversing resources, and health including health behaviors. A further purpose was to examine occupational characteristics determining NFR.Methods5000 engineers, carpenters, nurses, and home care nurses were invited to participate. NFR k-means clusters were calculated from 1289 participants. The effect from three levels of NFR regarding demands, compensatory strategies, resources at work, health, and health behaviors was examined using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc analysis. Prevalence ratios (PRs) of suboptimal health for three levels of NFR were calculated using Poisson regression. Linear stepwise multiple regression predictors explaining NFR were examined also occupation wise.ResultsNFR centroids at 5.8/33, 13.1/33, and 21.0/33 points were identified. ANOVA showed corresponding effects from NFR levels on work demands and compensatory strategies. The inversed proportion concerned levels of resources at work. Only the low NFR cluster negated regular health effects. The other two cluster groups also repeatedly worked while ill and presented PRs concerning health effects from 1.9 to 3.9 when compared to the low NFR group. Making good quality work, recovery opportunities, and thinking of work when off work were the most important predictors of NFR among 1289 participants with also occupation-wise interpretable profiles.ConclusionsThree levels of NFR meant corresponding levels of work demands, work-demand compensatory strategies, and unfavorable health behaviors. An inversed proportion of resources related to the same levels of NFR. Low NFR meant no regular health effects which could guide limit values regarding salutary NFR. Important predictors of NFR were resources making a good quality work, recovery opportunities, and reversely effort from rumination when off work. Occupation-wise predictors could guide interventions.

Skin cancer protective behaviors among welders of west of Iran: Importance of access to protective equipment

Welders are normally at risk of skin cancer due to continuous contact with natural ultraviolet rays and welding radiation. Protective behaviors against the radiations are the most fundamental measures taken to prevent skin cancer in these individuals. This research aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the protective behaviors in welders. In this cross-sectional research, participants were selected by the census method, and the research tool was a reliable and valid questionnaire filled by 154 welders in Yasuj, Iran. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 16 using ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and independent t test. The highest age frequency was related to the age-group of 36-45years, and the highest frequency of work experience was less than 10years. In terms of the level of education, most welders had a diploma or a higher degree. In addition, most behaviors reported included using gloves, whereas the least applied method was using sunscreen cream, the most important cause of which was the high cost of the cream. In this regard, the Pearson's correlation coefficient demonstrated a negative association between skin cancer and job difficulty. In addition, performing of protective behaviors decreased in the target group by aging. Given the unfavorable mean skin cancer protective behaviors in the welders, it is recommended that interventions, such as planned education, access to protective tools, and periodic skin examinations by a physician, be carried out to promote the health of these individuals and facilitate performing protective behaviors.

Lifestyle habits associated with nocturnal urination frequency: The Nagahama study.

Nocturia is a risk factor for poor quality of life and increased mortality. This study was aimed to clarifying dietary habits, eating behaviors, and sleep characteristics associated with nocturia to identify modifiable lifestyle factors for nocturia. This cross-sectional study included 5683 community residents (64.5 ± 7.7 years old). The frequency of nocturnal urination was recorded for 1 week using a sleep diary. The frequency of food intake, unfavorable eating behaviors, and sleep characteristics that may have influence on salt intake and wasting were obtained using a structured questionnaire. The frequency of nocturnal urination was increased with age (β = .312, P < .001). Other basic factors associated with the frequency were the male sex (β = .090), hypertension (β = .038), sleep apnea (β = .030), B-type natriuretic peptide level (β = .089), and spot urine sodium excretion (β = -.058). Dietary factors independently associated with nocturnal urination frequency were coffee (≥1 time/day: β = -.059, P < .001) and green vegetable consumption (≥1 time/week: β = -.042, P = .001), whereas habitual intake of dairy products, miso soup, and alcohol were not associated with urination frequency. Later bedtime was inversely associated with nocturnal urination frequency independent of sleep duration (before 23:00: β = -.096; before 24:00: β = -.225; after midnight: β = -.240; all P < .001). Coffee and green vegetable consumption and later bedtime but not sleep duration are lifestyle factors associated with nocturnal urination frequency.

Role and impact of multimodal prehabilitation for gynecologic oncology patients in an Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program

Patients undergoing major surgery are predisposed to a decrease in functional capacity as a response to surgical stress that can delay post-operative recovery. A prehabilitation program consists of patient preparation...

Health risks associated with social isolation in general and in young, middle and old age.

IntroductionHealth effects of social isolation are well-studied at older age, in English-speaking countries, for individual health conditions, and based on unidimensional measures of isolation. Hardly any evidence exists for younger ages, for continental European and particularly German-speaking countries and based on multidimensional measures of isolation. This study therefore aimed to examine prevalence rates and associations of social isolation with various health conditions and behaviors in the entire Swiss population and across different age groups.MethodsNationally representative cross-sectional data from the Swiss Health Survey collected in 2012 were used and analyzed. The study sample covered 21,597 randomly selected adolescents and adults living in Switzerland and aged 15 and older. A multifactorial five-item social integration index was used to assess social disconnectedness and perceived isolation.ResultsSocial isolation has been found to steadily increase with age and almost consistently to be strongly associated with poor health conditions and unfavorable behaviors across all ages. Nearly a quarter of the general population could be categorized as either only partly integrated or even poorly integrated and largely isolated. The socially isolated people independent of their age showed strongly elevated relative risks of poor self-rated health (aOR = 4.0), musculoskeletal disorders (aOR = 2.8), moderate to severe depression (aOR = 11.5), and multiple health problems (aOR = 5.0). They were also found to be at comparably high risk of behaving unhealthy with regard to physical inactivity (aOR = 2.2), poor diet (aOR = 1.9) and use of psychotropic medications (aOR = 3.6). Although prevalence rates of poor health conditions and behaviors differed greatly between the studied age groups, strong associations and clear dose-response relationships have been found separately for all age groups and particularly for the youngest. A fairly weak or no association at all (depending on the age group) with the degree of social integration was observed only for daily smoking.ConclusionsSocial isolation may be less prevalent at younger ages, but is then even more strongly associated with poor health conditions and behaviors than at older ages.

College-aged users behavioral strategies to reduce envy on social networking sites: A cross-cultural investigation

Social networking sites (SNSs) are central to social interaction and information sharing in the digital age. However, consuming social information on SNSs invites social upward comparisons with highly socially desirable profile representations, which easily elicits envy in users and leads to unfavorable behaviors on SNSs. This in turn can erode the subjective well-being of users and the sustainability of the SNS platform. Therefore, this paper seeks to develop a better theoretical understanding of how users respond to envy on SNSs. We review literature on envy in offline interactions to derive three behavioral strategies to reduce envy, which we then transfer to the SNS context (self-enhancement, gossiping, and discontinuous intention). Further, we propose a research model and examine how culture, specifically individualism-collectivism, affects the relationship between envy on an SNS and the three strategies. We empirically test the variance-based structural equation model through survey data collected of Facebook users from Germany and Hong Kong. Our findings provide first insights into the link between envy on SNSs, related behavioral strategies and the moderating role of individualism for self-enhancement.

Moderating Role of the Experience of having had a Female Boss in Relationship between Neosexism and Unfavorable Attitudes toward Female Leaders

Modern sexist beliefs are currently emerging as one of the most important barriers to achieving gender equality in managerial positions in organizations. However, little research addresses the factors that can reduce or soften the negative effects that these beliefs have on unfavorable attitudes toward female leaders. In the present study, it is analyzed whether the experience of having a female leader moderates this relationship. Additionally, we sought to verify whether this moderation is found in both genders. A sample of 307 employees from various positions in Spanish companies participated in this study. We performed regression analyses in blocks. The results indicate that this moderating role emerges only among women. Nevertheless, the findings also indicate that coming into contact with female leaders can increase these attitudes when the level of neosexism is low. The results suggest that the organizational policies that are introduced with the aim of reducing unfavorable attitudes and discriminatory behaviors toward female leaders should take into account that the assignment of women to leadership positions may favor the achievement of this aim in, at least, female employees who highly adhere to neosexist beliefs. However, this could also lead to an increase of these attitudes in female employees who present a low adherence to them.

Order in The Court? The Association Between Substance Use, Exposure to Violence, Risky Sexual Behaviors & Observed Court Behaviors Among Women Involved in the Criminal Justice System

Drug courts, therapeutic justice programs for individuals charged with drug offenses, have sub-optimal completion rates. The Courtroom Behavior Checklist (CRBCL), an assessment that quantifies readiness for drug court and drug court behaviors, was developed to predict female offenders who may be at-risk for non-compliance and termination. Data derived from 264 mainly urban women recruited from a Municipal Drug Court System in St. Louis, MO, were used to evaluate the association between substance use, victimization, HIV/AIDS risk behaviors, and observed drug court behaviors. Results showed that women who reported recent substance use or were categorized as at risk for HIV/AIDS were significantly more likely to have scores indicative of unfavorable drug court behaviors, while women who experienced victimization had scores indicative of favorable drug court behaviors. Other factors significantly associated with unfavorable drug court behaviors included greater lifetime arrests, lower education, and being less religious or spiritual. Our findings suggest that the CRBCL may have added utility in identifying women in drug court with recent substance use and risky sexual behaviors. However, further studies on other samples of offenders are needed to support these findings.