UNESCO Creative Cities Research Articles

글로벌 발전의제와 로컬 문화정책 - 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)를 위한 유네스코창의도시네트워크(UCCN)의 도전

유엔이 2030년을 향한 지구촌 발전의제로 지속가능발전목표(SDGs)를 채택하면서 주목한 영역은 도시화와 문화이다. 도시가 지속가능발전의 공간 주체라면 문화는 그 핵심 요건의 하나다. 이러한 배경에서 본 논문은 최근 초대형 초국가 도시협의체로 성장한 유네스코창의도시네트워크(UCCN)를 통해 한편으로 글로벌 발전의제와 도시 문화정책의 상관관계에 관한 국제사회의 논의와 의제의 변화를 총체적으로 이해하고, 한편으로 SDGs를 추동할 핵심 조직으로서 UCCN의 역할과 도전을 조망하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 유엔이 안배한 도시와 문화 영역의 두 의제, 즉 유엔해비타트의 「새로운 도시의제」와 유네스코의 문화의제인 「문화정책의 재구성」을 탐구하고 도시문화정책에 주는 함의를 도출한다. 다음으로 지속가능한 도시발전의 견인차로서 UCCN의 활동 현황과 도전 과제를 SDGs의 측면에서 고찰한다. 이를 통해 점차 심화되어 가는 글로벌 발전의제와 로컬 문화정책의 상호작용에 대한 총체적 이해를 도모하고, 유네스코창의도시의 매개역량 강화를 모색하는 데 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

Yaratıcı Endüstriler, Kültür Temelli Girişimcilik ve Eleştirel Ekonomi Politik: Kör Noktayı Yeniden Düşünmek

This study has endeavour to the rethinking of the transformations of culture-based entrepreneurships within Turkey’s creative industries ecosystems. In the present study which is mainly based on “creative diffusions” and “cultural economic geography” theories; the culture-based entrepreneurships have almost been addresses the transformation process of knowledge based societies in Turkey. In the very close history of capitalism, culture-based entrepreneurship has emerged more than the meaning of solely commercial entrepreneurships, in this sense, this study aims to address an important component of Turkey’s innovation network, Ankara, Istanbul and Izmir where the cities represent different sections of Turkey’s creative ecosystem, has been chosen as the extent of the investigation. Istanbul, as well as being the European Capital in 2010, the UNESCO creative cities to take part in the design of the city’s network of Ankara, Turkey’s capital is in addition to the information technology field of creative urban transformation plan in Izmir with stand in for the selection of the city said provided an important justification. In the study, on the other hand, the entrepreneurship policies of UNESCO and the European Union in creative industries are evaluated through comparative policy analysis. At the end of the present study, a series of alternative governance models have offers for Turkey.

CIDADES CRIATIVAS DA UNESCO NO BRASIL

Este artigo propõe uma análise exploratória acerca das ações do poder público das cidades brasileiras que compõem a rede UNESCO de Cidades Criativas, na elaboração de ações para auxílio e fomento da economia da cultura durante o isolamento social provocado pela crise sanitária mundial no período da pandemia de corona vírus. Primeiramente, realiza-se a contextualização teórica, discutindo os conceitos de Cidades Criativas e economia da Cultura, apresentando a composição teórica que sustenta o percurso desenvolvido, em seguida analisam-se os dados levantados sobre as cidades brasileiras que compõem a rede, a partir da extração de informações contidas nos endereços eletrônicos das plataformas institucionais das cidades observadas. Por fim, apontam-se considerações que relatam as ações promovidas pelas cidades, retratando diferentes comportamentos do poder público e alguns aspectos que demonstram atuações com baixo impacto no alcance do fomento da economia da cultura durante as dinâmicas transformações do mercado provocadas pelo isolamento social, mas que também refletem a necessidade de uma melhor estrutura de distribuição de recursos e alcance das estratégias de fomento mesmo em condições normais. Este artigo compõe o desenvolvimento de trabalhos interdisciplinares oriundos do programa de mestrado interdisciplinar de Desenvolvimento, Tecnologias e Sociedade da Universidade Federal de Itajubá.

Repercussion of the label in a comparative analysis of indicators: the case of two UNESCO Creative Cities

Urban life is full of interpersonal connections which encourage local culture, creativity and innovation. According to the UNCTAD report (2010), UNESCO's Creative Cities project aims to promote these connections through culture and diversity, generating the development of cultural groups, facilitating the exchange of ideas, practices and knowledge, enabling the growth and development of the local economy. The creative city label is a credential to integrate the Network that dialogues about urban planning and sustainable and inclusive development with emphasis on culture, knowledge and innovation. It is also an instrument that creates a brand for the city, encouraging tourism, among other industries. Considering these requirements, this paper intends to analyze the impacts of application process in two cities: Barcelona (literature) and Glasgow (music).

Unesco Gastronomi Kenti Afyonkarahisar Mutfağı Üzerine Yapılan Çalışmaların Bibliyometrisi

The purpose of this research is to examine the bibliometric studies of the Afyonkarahisar Cuisine, which is included in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network with the theme of gastronomy, and to create data for future studies. The universe of the research consists of books, book chapters, articles, papers, abstracts, theses and projects published about Afyonkarahisar Cuisine. The studies were examined by considering variables such as publication place, year, language, number of authors, theme and research methods. The first study on Afyonkarahisar Cuisine was the book study published in 1974. In this context, 43 studies were identified between 1974-2020 and subjected to analysis. The vast majority of the studies (19) consist of paper works. When the subject distributions are examined, it is seen that the studies are prepared on Afyonkarahisar dishes and local dishes. According to the results of the research, it has been determined that the studies on the field increased between 2018-2019, the study mostly was prepared as an article in Afyon Kocatepe University Institute of Social Sciences and an article in the Journal of Tourism and Gastronomy Research. In terms of the number of authors, it has been determined that there are more studies with a single author. It is observed that Afyonkarahisar province, which has a strong culinary culture, is supported by the studies prepared.

Crossroads between city diplomacy and city branding towards the future: case study on the film cities at UNESCO Creative Cities Network

The paper holds twofold purpose. First, the study seeks to find potential synergies between public diplomacy and place branding at city level. Second, from that standpoint, it pursues to identify potential contributions of the city of film title for developments on branding and diplomacy of cities. The research is designed to answer the questions: (1) what is the common ground of city branding and city diplomacy? and (2) how can cities’ titles potentially contribute to the future from the intersection of city diplomacy and city branding? Thus, the literature review investigates city diplomacy in the public diplomacy perspective, outlined by the multilayered diplomacy approach, while city branding is analyzed through place branding. Then, a case study is performed on the film cities at UNESCO Creative Cities Network, specifically Galway, Bradford, Busan, and Sydney. The analytical frame named ‘CBCD crossroads matrix’ is an outcome of this research consisting of the intersection between Cull’s components of city diplomacy and Kavaratzis’ components of city branding. Data were collected from reports and interviews, then examined by content analysis and soft systems methodology. Findings indicate potential opportunities for improvements and bring evidence that the crossroads of city diplomacy and city branding flows towards a joint future avenue.

Assessing Walkability in Sulaimani City Center

Walkability within urban design and planning context refers to urban environments that are friendly and supportive for the pedestrian. Walkable environments offer many economic, social, health, and environmental benefits and contribute to UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In public places, including city centers, walkability is a major asset for making them vibrant by attracting and maintaining pedestrians, including tourists. It is no coincidence that the top tourist destinations and livable cities as well as popular city centers and streets all share walkability character. Walkability quality in city center streets and any urban environment require planning. Good planning needs to be informed by measuring and assessing the state of walkability in existing streets and environments. While the literature presents systematic walkability assessment studies from different city centers of developed and developing countries, such studies are rare in the context of many other developing regions and countries like the Kurdistan Region and the rest of Iraq. Since walkability character can be contextual and affected by different socio-economic and environmental factors and dynamics, systematic and comprehensive assessment of under-researched environments and city centers are essential. To address this gap in the literature, this study systematically assesses the state of walkability in the city center of Sulaimani, the cultural capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and a UNESCO creative city in literature. This paper report results from assessing and comparing the physical characters of the six major interconnecting streets (Mawlawy, Kawa, Sabunkaran, Peramerd, Goran, and Bekas streets) in the center of Sulaimani city. The assessment considers the five main walkability factors of function, safety, destination, aesthetic, and comfort identified from the literature.

How does a destination’s food image serve the common targets of the UNESCO creative cities network?

PurposeAs one of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization initiatives, the creative cities network (CCN) declares the cities that are creative in the contexts of music, gastronomy, design, etc., with the aim of promoting cooperation amongst the member cities and maintaining sustainable urban development. This study aims to identify the destination food image of Gaziantep in Turkey, which is a member gastronomy city of the CCN since 2015. Identified destination food image elements were connected to the common targets of the CCN to show how the city may contribute to the network objectives.Design/methodology/approachA two-stage research process was used in the study. First, qualitative approach was adopted for the clarification of projected and perceived destination food image elements. Projected image elements were derived from a content analysis performed on a totally 113 official, semi-official and unofficial online documents in Turkish and English. Perceived destination food image elements were identified by face-to-face interviews, conducted on 10 participants. As a result, 18 projected and 20 perceived destination food image elements were obtained. These were then grouped under 4 main and 22 sub-categories. At the second stage, destination food image elements were matched with common targets of the CCN.FindingsDestination food image elements, obtained by two qualitative studies, are grouped under 4 main and 22 sub-categories as follows: gastronomic identity (with sub-categories of destination’s identity and local culinary culture); diversity of the destination (with sub-categories of attractiveness of the local food, ease of promotion and high brand value); gastronomic attractions (with sub-categories of restaurants and cafes, culinary museums, farmer markets, orchards, gastronomy tours, gastronomy events (e.g. festivals, competitions), culinary education, books on gastronomy, certification systems, organizations, street foods and vendors and handmade or homemade foods); and qualified workforce and stakeholders (with sub-categories of expert chefs and cooks, specialist suppliers, service personnel, locals and local authorities). These are then connected to the common CCN targets (e.g. cuisine, tourism and festivals; extension of the creative value chain; fostering cultural creativity; and sustainability).Originality/valueThis is one of the early research attempts in examining a member gastronomy city’s food image elements and the role that they played in the success of the CCN’s common targets. Moreover, the study contributes to the literature on the identification of (projected and perceived) destination food image by using content analysis.

The dynamics of handcart as a means of informal transportation in support of logistics and tourism

Purpose The use of technology has remained a staple in modern day industry because it creates an enabling environment, which promotes innovation that has propelled globalization. Maritime and tourism are two such critical sectors that have benefited from such technology and stand to benefit more in light of the fourth industrial revolution. The handcart has been used by humans for centuries as a mode of transportation. It has remained relevant to this day, more so a positive contributor to public market experience in developing countries. Notwithstanding, this phenomenon remained largely under-explored and informal with little to no integration in the planning of public markets or market districts. As such, little study or research exists to inform policies to improve and integrate the handcart profession in the overall planning and rejuvenation of downtown Kingston, Jamaica. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to understand the characteristics and benefits of the handcart logistics by investigating the socioeconomic and spatial dynamics surrounding the operations of this mode of transportation. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to completely grasp the complexity of factors that influence and sustain the handcart trade within the coronation market as well as its contribution to Jamaica’s economy. Collection of data was achieved via the administration of questionnaires supported by observations and interviews. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used along with satellite images to integrate spatial representations in the analysis and discussions of results. Findings Consistent with the reviewed literature, the results and analyses revealed that, despite the handcart’s informality and inadequate infrastructural support, handcarts are generally perceived as beneficial to market districts. They fill the transportation gaps where formal governance operations failed and contribute to the local economy by providing employment for low-skilled persons. The handcart industry has been sustained because of the need for the service by mostly vendors and shoppers but more so because of the economic benefits that have been accrued by builders, owners and operators. Research limitations/implications The research focused on handcarts used to convey goods and not carts used as mobile vending carts. In addition, the geographical scope of the research is restricted to the Coronation Market in Kingston. Obtaining knowledge about the sector poses a challenge because some or all aspects of informal activity are not recorded. Various opportunities exist for the improvement of handcarts. As such, they must be incorporated in any future transportation improvement plans in the city of Kingston, Jamaica. Practical implications Despite the attempts to regularize the handcart phenomenon in the downtown Kingston market district, the handcart operators are still not incorporated in various plans and improvement initiatives. Notwithstanding, the benefits to the transportation gap and local economy warrants the need to pay keen attention to this phenomenon and promote regularization. With the introduction of Kingston as a UNESCO Creative City in 2016 and the advent of Airbnb, the potential exists for exponential growth in cultural and community tourism in downtown Kingston. The use of the handcart can therefore be leveraged and integrated in the tourism package to facilitate the movement of tourist luggage from bus terminals and parking lots to their destination in the downtown communities. Originality/value The handcart system is a prominent feature of market districts in Jamaica and, as such, this research bears high levels of significance because it can be replicated or used as a basis to inform handcart policies and the design to improve logistics in any tourism destination. The research serves as a body of knowledge to “all and sundry” because it unearthed some of the handcart’s attributes and contribution to the local economy, can contribute to adequate layout of Market districts by government to incorporate the handcart system, facilitate their integration in cultural and community tourism and facilitate the handcart trade being viewed by society as a profession. At the advent of this Fourth Industrial Revolution, an upgraded design of the handcart may appear.

Cultura y creatividad en contexto de gobernanza internacional. La Nueva Agenda Urbana

El artículo explora la relación entre la cultura y la creatividad en el contexto de la gobernanza internacional. Partiendo del concepto de ciudad creativa, extendido a escala mundial gracias a la Red de Ciudades Creativas de la UNESCO, en primer lugar, se hace un repaso del concepto, para luego estudiar aspectos relacionados con el tratamiento que le han dado varias organizaciones internacionales a la creatividad y a la cultura, centrándose en el papel de la UNESCO. Por último, con el objetivo de identificar elementos de cultura y creatividad presentes en el texto de la Nueva Agenda Urbana (NAU), se realiza un análisis de su contenido. El artículo finaliza con un resumen de cómo los organismos internacionales entienden la relación que se establece entre cultura y creatividad con el desarrollo urbano; y se plantea la pregunta sobre cómo poner en práctica las propuestas de la NAU dado que, por un lado, tiene un carácter ejecutivo desde lo local, pero, por otro, está firmada por representantes de los gobiernos nacionales que, en muchos casos. no tienen competencias en este asunto. Las ciudades, aunque están en el centro de la Agenda, no son percibidas como sujetos sino como objetos de la nueva agenda urbana.

And the winner is ... Galway: a cultural anatomy of a winning designate

ABSTRACT The following is a cultural anatomy of the city of Galway in the west of Ireland. The paper traces the evolution of the cultural profile of the city over the past four decades. It places the city’s recent success regarding international accolades in the context of the creative city script. This work sets out to explore how the city, once famed for its cultural producers, has evolved into a site for cultural consumption; an evolution of a city of culture making to culture taking. Reference is also made to how local government has branded the city as a creative one by targeting cultural designations (such as UNESCO Creative City; European Capital of Culture). The purpose of the paper is to situate Galway’s cultural anatomy in the broader context of neoliberal urbanism, one that takes culture as ancillary amenity to attract tourists and investors. The paper finishes by positing a future path for a sustainable development for the creative/cultural sector and the city more broadly.

Az UNESCO filmes városok összehasonlító elemzése

While cultural and creative industries are at the base of governance models for creative cities, there is a significant lack of understanding with respect to how they contribute to sustainable urban and community development. The UNESCO Creative Cities Network was set up with the aim of providing a cooperation platform for cities for which creative and cultural industries were identified as engines to foster sustainable urban development. In the last fourteen years the network among UNESCO Creative Cities of different size and with diverse historical, political, and social conditions has grown significantly. The purpose of this work is twofold. First, it compares creative cities to detect how urban practices and policies enhance the film industry. Second, it aims to investigate the urban strategies used to enhance social cohesion through film heritage, education, and consumption.

The role of Instagram in the UNESCO's creative city of gastronomy: A case study of Macau

Macau has been designated as the UNESCO Creative City of Gastronomy since 2017, and the government also aims to preserve and revive the city's culture of gastronomy. In doing so, social media, especially User Generated Content such as Instagram, plays an important role. This study used quantitative content analysis on Instagram to explore the most popular cuisine. Also, semi-structured interviews were conducted to discover the opinions from residents' perceptions regarding the use of Instagram in promoting the designation. The findings indicated that Taiwanese cuisine, food from local café, and local snacks are the most popular ones. Additionally, local residents believed that the government should develop an official Instagram account to advertise and introduce the uniqueness of Macau and to reach more international tourists. In practice, the findings provide important implications and directions regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of a post built on the Brand Post Popularity model.

INOVASI PELAYANAN PUBLIK DI KOTA KREATIF DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPERCAYAAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP PEMERINTAH DI KOTA BANDUNG PROVINSI JAWA BARAT

this article discusses public service innovations carried out by local governments to increase public trust in the government. The locus of this research is in the city of Bandung, West Java Province, one of the UNESCO creative city networks. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the innovation of public services carried out by the government to serve the public in creating and innovating so that public trust in the government increases. The research method uses a qualitative method with an inductive approach. Data obtained through interviews, observation and documentation. The results of this study indicate that the regional government of Bandung City creates service innovations in the form of facilities to support the creation and innovation of the community, although there are some things that still need to be addressed. The relationship between the government and the community is closer. The role of local government in serving the community to support the potential of community creation and innovation is very important.
 Keywords: community; creation; government; innovation; service

Soft and Sharp Power in Area Studies of China: the Chinese public diplomacy in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network

Soft and Sharp Power in Area Studies of China: the Chinese public diplomacy in the UNESCO Creative Cities Network

Inteligentne zarządzanie dziedzictwem kulturowym w procesie budowania marek miast

Cel: Celem artykułu jest analiza zmian w podejściu do zarządzania dziedzictwem kulturowym w procesie budowania marek miast przy zastosowaniu elementów koncepcji miasta inteligentnego. Ewolucja paradygmatu zarządzania dziedzictwem od ochrony, poprzez konserwację po planowanie wymaga od decydentów przyjęcia proaktywnej postawy wobec użytkowników miasta w procesach współdecydowania o definiowaniu i wykorzystywaniu lokalnego dziedzictwa. Wykorzystanie inteligentnych narzędzi w komunikowaniu się z użytkownikami, tworzeniu zasobów, czy dystrybucji dóbr kultury służy usprawnieniu procesów tworzenia marek miast opartych o kulturę. Metody: Wchodząc od paradygmatu planowania dziedzictwa, jako modelowego ujęcia nowoczesnej polityki kulturalnej, przeanalizowano dane wtórne dotyczące praktyk wybranych miast z zakresu zarządzania kulturą, które wpisują się w koncepcję smart city. Dokonano przeglądu dobrych praktyk w zakresie inteligentnego zarządzania dziedzictwem kulturowym pochodzących z miast zrzeszonych w sieci miast kreatywnych UNESCO, które z dziedzictwa kulturowego uczyniły idee przewodnią swoich marek. Na tym tle zaprezentowano dyskusję na temat aktualnych uwarunkowań budowania marki miasta, traktując dziedzictwo kulturowe jako jeden z jej najważniejszych komponentów. Wyniki: W opracowaniu zidentyfikowano metody i narzędzia bazujące na nowych technologiach, które są najbardziej użyteczne w obszarze zarządzania dziedzictwem kulturowym jako komponentem marki miasta. Wskazano na kluczowe znaczenie nowych technologii w brandingu miast w obszarze kultury, jako narzędzi, które pozwalają na najpełniejszą realizację idei partycypacji obywatelskiej i koprodukcji (integracja wymiarów smart living i smart people w polityce kulturalnej miast inteligentnych).

Local Action, Global Impact: From Domination To Partnership By Design

Global changes often begin when people take action locally. Communities around the globe are involved in creative community-based actions that promote mutual respect, social and economic justice, and gender and environmental balance. Insights from ecological thinking, systems thinking, quantum reality, and integral vision perspectives offer new ways to understand the terms ’local’ and ‘global’, and their context. Also, today more than ever, cultural transformation models of domination and partnership coexist and are intertwined in our societal context. To advance partnership, then, requires exercising of conscious intention and choice. Design, with its goal to create, can effectively catalyze the partnership model in global and local contexts. Reviewing global examples (UNESCO Creative Cities Network, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, and Project Drawdown) and local examples (the National Loon Center in Crosslake, Minnesota and the Southwest Hmong Community Center in Tracy, Minnesota) will show a way to advance partnership more rapidly: using a design thinking/systems thinking lens, insights from ecology and other fields, conscious intention, and the choice of partnership over domination at every opportunity.

A Study on Craft as Cultural Assets of the City and Craft Cities - Focused on UNESCO Creative City Case

A Study on Craft as Cultural Assets of the City and Craft Cities - Focused on UNESCO Creative City Case

Strategy of Entrepreneurship & Creative Economy Development through District Mapping in Bandung City

Since Bandung joined the UNESCO Creative Cities Network (UCCN) on 11 December 2015, all its stakeholders and the city have become more active in fulfilling its commitments as a City of Design, among others by strengthening existing data on creative economy entrepreneurs and their impact on welfare improvement. A previous research conducted by the Economy Department of Bandung Municipality mapped thousands of creative economy actors spread over 30 districts in Bandung. However, it was necessary to further identify these actors and their roles in order to be able to build a strategy around creative economy development in Bandung, which was the main aim of this research. The ecosystem of five creative economy subsectors in selected districts was mapped. The results are presented here as a reference for building strategies for creative-potential based community development and policy making.

"창의도시의 로고디자인 특성과 사용성에 관한 연구 – 중국 유네스코 창의도시 사례를 중심으로 –"

"창의도시의 로고디자인 특성과 사용성에 관한 연구 – 중국 유네스코 창의도시 사례를 중심으로 –"