Underground Wells Research Articles

Research on stimulation of injection and production capacity for single well in underground gas storage

Underground gas storage is the best choice for natural gas resource reserve and peak value. Storage capacity of underground gas storage and single well injection and production capacity are the key indicators of shaving capacity. This paper focuses on research of expansion of gas storage and the stimulation of injection and production capacity of single well of a basin in Western China. Firstly, based on the study of two-phase seepage law of gas and water, a numerical simulation model coupling high velocity non-Darcy effect and gas-water two phase seepage is established; Secondly, the influencing factors of single well injection and production capacity are analysed. Finally, acidizing can effectively improve the single well injection and production capacity of well. The numerical simulation result shows that the injection and production differential pressure is reduced by 70%, and gas injection and production volume are increased by 14.8% and 26.9%.

Determination of radon gas concentrations 222Rn in water samples of Rivers and ground wells in Basrah Governorate, Iraq

In this study, 52 samples were collected from natural water taken from selected areas from (Rivers, groundwater wells) in Basrah Governorate-Southern Iraq for the period from February - April 2020, to determine the concentrations of the radon gas (222Rn) emitted from the selected and newborn samples of the radioactive element Radium 226Ra located in the series of uranium 238U and calculate the annual effective dose. Solid state Nuclear Track Detectors SSNTDs have been used, a long-term passive measurement method for the emission of (α particles) with the CR-39 detectors, LR-115typeII and a method for measuring the activity with a fast electronic device called RAD7. The results of the study showed that the lowest concentration of radon gas in samples of River water was 196 ±12 Bq.m-3 was in the sample No. W13 water of Garma River, and that the largest concentration was 16217 ±97 Bq.m-3 sample No. W9 from Al Khoura River. As for the radon gas concentration in groundwater wells, its highest concentration reached 22415 ±143 Bq.m-3 in sample No. W36 from Aldawajin well-2, and the lowest concentration was 682 ±46 Bq.m-3 in sample No. W24 in a well at Al-Barjisiah and the general average of radon gas concentration in all the study samples was 7320 Bq.m-3, the annual effective dose of water was estimated and it was found that the highest value was 1.136 mSv.y-1 in sample No. W36 and this value falls outside the internationally approved limit By the World Health Organization WHO, 0.1 mSv.y-1 In general. It was found that radon concentrations in water samples of Rivers and groundwater wells selected from Basrah Governorate-Southern Iraq falls within the limits of the permissible value of 11000 Bq.m-3 for surface water and 20000Bq.m-3 for groundwater wells, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency EPA, with the exception of some samples of Rivers and underground wells, which have recorded values higher than that value, and they may pose a risk on the health of farmers in those areas.

Properties of well cement following carbonated brine exposure under HTHP conditions: A comparative study of alkali-activated and class G cements

Carbonation of cement under high temperature and high pressure (HTHP) subsurface conditions is a significant concern with typical underground wells. This study evaluates the carbonation-induced properties and mechanisms of low to high calcium-based alkali-activated cement (AAC) compared with class G cement (GC). Cement systems exposed to carbonated brine for 28 days were experimentally characterised using chemical, mechanical, and microstructural tests. Alkalinity testing indicated a noticeable pH change due to carbonation of GC with a greater release of calcium into the leaching solution, whereas sodium and magnesium leaching were dominant for AACs. Increasing the amount of calcium in AACs via slag increases the extent of carbonation, which improves the mechanical properties, resulting in a dense microstructure. Principal mechanisms of carbonation are suggested based on the chemical, mineral and microstructural characteristics of carbonated cement. AACs have a different mechanism, resulting in complete carbonation compared with the well-defined carbonated zone at the sample surface of GC.

Retraction Note: Analysis of sponge city water pollution characteristics and urban music emotional expression based on GIS system

During the construction of the sponge city, the impact of rainwater facilities on the underground is very important, so it has received great attention. These rainwater facilities can affect groundwater quality and water level and are currently the focus of international personnel. This thesis focuses on the impact of concentrated rainwater infiltration on groundwater level and water quality and focuses on two methods of on-site monitoring and simulation prediction of rainwater infiltration wells in sponge cities. This study collected meteorological, hydrological, and geological conditions. From May to October 2018 and June to December 2020, the deep burying of some underground wells in sponge city was monitored, and groundwater samples were collected to determine the content of TN, NO3-N, NH4+-N, and TP. Then, the existing monitoring wells were used in sponge city to establish a conceptual model of groundwater, conduct sensitivity analysis on the generalization of hydrogeological parameters, and predict the depth of burial in the future water level. As the process of urbanization in China continues to accelerate, the exogenous indicators represented by the urban population are no longer sufficient to reflect the deep connotation of the process of urbanization in China. Therefore, as an endogenous motivation, the audience’s sense of belonging to the city and the identification of the city’s identity have increasingly become an important topic for scholars when discussing the process of urbanization in China. Urban music is just one of the cultural microcosms of the process of urbanization in China. It not only gives the city a field of expression outside the physical space and effectively connects the two subjects of the city and the audience but also enables the audience to listen to and interpret urban music, to continuously enhance the sense of belonging to the city and construct the identity of the city.

Analyzing a denitration process in the context of underground well uranium leaching

Purpose is to increase a sorbent denitration degree in the context of underground uranium leaching while optimizing reagent concentration as well as a degree of the solution activation on the basis of laboratory research. Methods. Analysis has been applied as well as scientific generalization of scientific-and-engineering information, laboratory research, statistic processing, and analysis of the research results. The laboratory experiments involved specific mixture to obtain comparative data of sulfuric solution activity and identify optimum degree of the solution activation for denitration. After processing, the solution from activator was analyzed as for its activity; the bulk was poured into a tank for repetitive experiments. First, the research did not involve the solution activation; then, activation with 4-15 minutes was added. Sulfuric acid concentration was 20 and 25 g/dm3; L-S ratio was 1/8; and washing time was 40, 60, and 120 minutes. Findings. Laboratory research results have been demonstrated concerning sorbent denitration in terms of varying degrees of activation, sulfuric acid concentration, and response time. It has been demonstrated that it is sufficient for washing solution activation to activate reagent only before extra intensification of a mother solution resulting in the reduced volume of the solution being processed and costs. It has been determined that five- to nine-minute activation period is the efficient interval factoring into the decreased nitrate content in the sorbent after washing to compare with 9-18% in terms of a basic technique depending upon a reagent concentration. Originality.New dependences of a sorbent denitration degree as well as nitrate content within a solution upon sulfuric acid concentration and the solution activation degree have been defined. Practical implications. Washing solution activation results in the increased denitration degree of a sorbent to compare with the basic technique. The proposed method is more preferable owing to low capital costs. Moreover, it is integrated easily in the available system being also absolutely sustainable. Keywords: denitration, sorbent, sorption, desorption, activation, sulfuric acid, uranium

Study and application of wellbore trajectory optimization for dense cluster wells

In the middle and late stage of oilfield exploration and development, the difficulties such as land acquisition on the surface, high density of underground well pattern and high development cost are serious. Dense cluster Wells are mainly way to development mode transformation and quality and efficiency improvement. Combined with the practice of dense cluster well in Dagang Oilfield, the paper detailed analyzes the difficulties faced by the design of dense cluster well drilling engineering, which including well pattern arrangement, wellbore trajectory optimization, wells anti-collision, all of those are beneficial to realize benefit drilling development. The applications show that this technology has a significant effect on improving wellsite utilization rate, shortening drilling cycle and reducing drilling cost in Dagang oilfield, and has a very important reference and popularization significance in similar oilfield development.

Опыт проведения эксплуатационной разведки на горно-рудном предприятии

During the long-term operation of the uranium deposits of the Streltsovsky ore field, the experience of conducting operational exploration (ER) at the mines of the enterprise of PJSC “PPGHO” has been accumulated. The analysis of this experience and the experience of mining enterprises in related industries allowed us to develop an effective system for conducting these works. The information obtained at the stage of detailed exploration of deposits is quite sufficient for the design and construction of a mining enterprise, but it is not sufficient for drawing up local projects for mining individual ore bodies and deposits. Therefore, more detailed information is required about the parameters of ore bodies, their structure and reserves of useful components in ores. For these purposes, operational exploration is carried out, which accompanies all stages of mining operations. Operational exploration is carried out by sinking mining workings and drilling underground wells and boreholes from these workings. At different stages of mining operations, different technologies are used, consisting in the formation of a certain exploration network, which makes it possible to obtain sufficient mining and geological information for the successful completion of a certain stage of mining operations. At PJSC “PPGHO”, a system for conducting operational exploration was developed, consisting of three stages: Stage I for designing the mining of a part of an ore deposit in the contour of a certain operational block, stage II for designing rifling operations, stage III completes the development of block reserves and is designed to control the completeness of the extraction of minerals. Each subsequent stage of the ER has a denser exploration network compared to the previous one by about 2 times. Based on the accumulated experience, the standard of the enterprise for conducting operational and exploration works-STP 76-80, which sets out the goals and objectives of the ER, the methodology of the work, the density of the exploration network and organizational issues for conducting the ER has been developed. During the implementation of the ER, information has been obtained that allowed the enterprise to successfully extract uranium ores, ensuring uninterrupted supply of the ore processing production with the necessary quality of raw materials

Внедрение инновационного программно-аппаратного комплекса пассивной акустики для диагностики технического состояния скважин

To ensure operational stability of the unified gas supply system depending on the seasonal gas demand fluctuations, the underground gas storage facilities are effectively used. Well integrity diagnostics using the advanced logging techniques facilitate timely identification of potential problems (pinpointing cross-flows behind casing, detecting leaks in production casing and other well construction components, locating sustained annulus pressure sources etc.), and, thereby extension of the safe operation life of functioning of the underground gas storage facilities. The results of the complex of field and geophysical studies in several underground gas storage wells are given in this article. Different types of the underground gas storages are reviewed: the ones located in an aquifer, salt dome, and mature field. The diagnostics was carried out based on the complex of downhole logging including a passive acoustic tool. The passive acoustics hardware and software technology can capture and interpret acoustic signals generated by the wellbore or reservoir flows. To recognise and interpret the captured signals, the temporal coherence algorithms, data wavelet filtration, and neural networks are used. The use of this technology allows to significantly improve the safety of well operation. The information obtained is used both in the preparation of industrial safety expert reports and for the development of effective programs for major repairs of the underground gas storage wells located in the depleted gas and water fields, as well as in the salt caverns. Hardware and software technology of passive acoustics is being used in almost all the major oil and gas provinces in the world, receiving recognition from the largest domestic and foreign companies, however, this is the first time that underground gas storage facilities are used to check the technical condition of the wells.

STUDY OF MINING-GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF URANIUM DEPOSITS OF KAZAKHSTAN FOR DEVELOPMENT BY UNDERGROUND WELL LEACHING

Existing traditional uranium mining technologies have major drawbacks, do not meet the requirements of a market economy, are ineffective, require the use of a large number of expensive injection and pumping wells, low leaching rates, require a large consumption of chemical reagent, sulfuric acid (to produce 1 ton of uranium concentrate requires a flow of 100 tons sulfuric acid). Here, a productive solution refers to a chemical solution containing the concentration of the leached therein of various useful components (metals), including uranium, dissolved therein. In the practice of exploitation of hydrogenous uranium deposits, the arrangement of technological wells has been adopted: linear (or in-line), areal (or cellular) and combined. Our proposed innovative technology for the exploitation of hydrogenous uranium deposits will be developed on the principle of piston wells using the effect of activation of a chemical solution supplied to the array of a hydrogenated uranium layer for leaching and other useful components. In the process of activation, the chemical solution is heated to t = 70 ° C, the water in the solution becomes a good solvent. Pumping wells are used as piston wells without changing the design, i.e. pumping wells are also used as injection wells. This article presents the mining and geological characteristics of technogenic uranium deposits in Kazakhstan. The basis of the raw material base of Kazakhstan's uranium is exogenous type deposits, combined into a subgroup called “infiltration”. Uranium infiltration deposits are formed by groundwater associated with regional formation zones and zones of soil-layer oxidation. The development and implementation of the method of underground well leaching of uranium (UWL) is one of the most important scientific and technical achievements of the mining industry. The main advantages of the underground leaching method compared to traditional mining methods of developing deposits are as follows: the possibility of involving poor and off-balance ores in deposits with complex geological and hydrogeological conditions, but with large reserves of uranium; Significant reduction in capital investments and terms of commissioning deposits; improving working conditions, reducing the number of miners and increasing labor productivity by 2.5-3.5 times; reducing the negative impact of uranium mining on the environ-ment.

Provision of the radiation safety of the public of the eastern districts of the Orenburg region for the use of the drinking water from the underground water supply sources

Starting from 2014, several cases of exceedance of the specific total alpha-activity of the natural radionuclides and specific activity of 222Rn were identified in the water of the underground wells in the eastern districts of the Orenburg region. Based on the results of the surveys, a number of settlements were equipped with the systems of aeration of water from underground wells prior to the distribution, but significant expenditures on the technical maintenance of the aeration units lead to their frequent malfunctions. Based on the results of the surveys of the drinking water in settlements of the Adamovskiy, Kvarkenskiy, Novoorkskiy, Dombarovsky, Svetlinsky districts and Yasnenskiy urban district, it was estimated that in some settlements specific activity of 222Rn in drinking water exceeded the intervention levels up to a factor of 10. No exceedances of intervention levels for 226Ra, 224Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, 210Po and 238U were identified. Based on the results of experiments and analyses the authors performed the hygienic assessment of the indicators of the radiation safety of the drinking water from the underground water supply sources in several settlements in the eastern districts of the Orenburg region, performed the analysis of the effectiveness of the aeration systems, developed recommendations on the provision of the radiation safety of the public of the eastern parts of the Orenburg region for the use of the drinking water from the underground water supply sources and developed proposals on the improvement of the limitation of concentration of 222Ra in drinking water.

Experimental and theoretical study of the restrained shrinkage cracking of early age well cement

The shrinkage cracking occurring in oil & gas well cement material is a major factor that reduces the cement sheath integrity and impairs the durability of an underground well. Shrinkage mainly takes place in the early hydration period of the cement, and the resulting restrained shrinkage cracking can form a leaking network for oil & gas or carbon dioxide stored in an underground reservoir. It is thus important to understand the early age behavior of well cement and the leaking pathway formation in the well. This study describes the application of the digital image correlation (DIC) method as a tool to measure the strain development and crack distributions of well cement in the lab during early phase changes. A theoretical model is presented to calculate the stress distribution built up in the cement sheath during early ages of well cement hydration, which helps to interpret the experimental observations and determine the major factors influencing the cracking sequences. This study presents the whole hydration – drying shrinkage – and cracking mechanism of early age well cement under restrained ring conditions experimentally and theoretically. The results offer useful insights on the key material and geometric parameters which control the fracture of a well cementing structure.

Поиск эффективных решений разработки месторождений высоковязкой нефти и битумов

Against the background of depletion of traditional hydrocarbon reserves and rising oil prices, the development of deposits of high-viscosity oil and natural bitumen every year becomes an increasingly urgent scientific task. About 975.1 million tons of high-viscosity oil geological reserves are concentrated in the Timan-Pechora oil and gas province. Most of them are concentrated within the largest in the north-east of Russia, the Yaregskoye field located in the Ukhta region of the Komi Republic.  The Yaregskoye field of high-viscosity oil in the Komi Republic is the only field in Russia that is developed by the mine method. This method involves the production of oil from the oil reservoir using underground mine workings or underground wells constructed in the oil mine. This method of the production of high-viscosity oil can be used for developing heterogeneous energy-depleted oil deposits of medium viscosity. The main advantage of the oil production mine method is maximum proximity of the mine horizon to the oil reservoir, which allows to minimize oil losses and to perform a more complete opening of the reservoir. The main disadvantage of oil fields mine development is the need for people to stay underground under the influence of harmful and hazardous production factors, and, first of all, the high temperature and humidity at the workplaces in the mining workings. The performed analysis of the Yaregskoye field development systems allows to change the approach to the field development with the help of new objects of the underground oil production — modular mines (it solves the problems with the maintenance of existing oil depots and normalizes the temperature regime in the existing mine workings, thereby improving the working conditions of oil producers, and reduces the risk of occupational diseases). Development of high-viscosity oil deposits (sites) using modular mines can change the approach of oil companies to the strategy of involving hard-to-recover reserves in operation.

Tekirdağ İli Yeraltı Suları Kalitesinin Sulama Suyu Açısından Değerlendirilmesi

Çalışma, Tekirdağ İlinde sulama suyu temini amacıyla açılmış bazı derin yeraltı kuyu sularını kapsamaktadır. İl genelinde sulama mevsimi dönemini kapsayacak şekilde 22 adet kuyudan örnekleme yapılmıştır. Yapılan örneklemelerde sulama suyu sınıflaması açısından önemli olan, pH, EC, TDS, Na, Ca, Mg, K, Cl, HCO3, B, NO3-N, Sodyum Adsorbsiyon Oranı (SAR) ve Artık Sodyum Karbonat (RSC) parametreleri incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; on üç kuyu suyunun orta tuzlu, sekiz kuyu suyunun da yüksek tuzlu sular sınıfında olduğu, beş adet kuyu suyunda Na zararı, üç kuyu suyunda HCO3- zararı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yedi adet kuyu suyunda RSC değerleri 2,5 me L-1‘yi aşmış ve bu suların sulamada kullanılmasının uygun olmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Özel iyonlar açısından yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda; üç kuyuda Cl, iki kuyuda B ve bir kuyu suyunda belirlenen NO3-N konsantrasyonlarının bazı bitkilerde zarar oluşturabileceği tespit edilmiştir. Tuzluluk ve SAR parametrelerine göre yapılan değerlendirme sonucunda; T5, T6, T8, T10, T13 ve T14 kuyu sularının sulama amaçlı kullanılması sakıncalı, T9, T11, T12, T16, T17 ve T21 no‘lu kuyu sularının özel koşulların (uygun drenaj koşulları, uygun bitki seçimi, kaba bünyeli topraklarda) sağlanması ile kullanılabileceği önerilmektedir.

Дослідження оптимального розміщення витяжного вентиляційного обладнання в пташнику за допомогою чисельного моделювання

Keeping poultry in damp and cold rooms with poor ventilation system reduces the weight gain of the bird, reduces its egg production and increases the incidence of young animals, as well as excessive feed consumption and exceeding the growing period established by technical regulations. The aim of the study was to determine the effective placement of exhaust ventilation equipment at the height of the end wall of the poultry house to improve the ventilation system, reduce stagnant air zones and improve the microclimate. The numerical modeling of hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer processes during air ventilation in poultry buildings is carried out. The analysis of the conditions of heat and mass transfer in the poultry house, depending on the placement of fans along the height of the house, and the efficiency of the location of such equipment was determined. The system for maintaining the microclimate in poultry houses was considered in the presence of a system for cooling the outside air with water from an underground well. The ventilation system uses exhaust ventilation equipment with a fan wheel diameter of 1.25 m. In the simulation, the fans were installed at a height of 1.125, 1.5 and 1.875 m from the floor to the center of the fan axis. Simulation was performed for 2D CFD models using ANSYS Fluent software. The results of CFD analysis of the air flow pattern and the thermal state inside the house are presented. As a result of numerous studies, the geometry of the location of the ventilation equipment has been found. It is shown that it is advisable to install ventilation equipment at a height of 1.5 m. At the same time, the size of stagnant zones and the uneven distribution of air velocity near the bird are reduced. Numerical modeling was carried out in order to minimize the size of stagnant zones, equalize the air flow and improve the temperature indicators in the poultry house.

AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE DE ÁGUAS DE POÇOS NO MUNICÍPIO DE JARU, RONDÔNIA, BRASIL

A má utilização da água e a deficiência de hábitos higiênicos podem desencadear doenças de origem parasitária, bacteriana e vírica, sendo as parasitoses de origem hídrica dominantes das patologias existentes no cenário mundial. A água ingerida pela população precisa estar em condições adequadas para o consumo, pois trata-se de um constituinte importante para o organismo. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou-se em analisar a qualidade físico-química e microbiológica da água de poços subterrâneos localizados no município de Jaru-RO. Foram selecionados vinte e quatro poços para a verificação dos parâmetro: pH, condutividade, oxigênio dissolvido, dureza total, alcalinidade total, cloretos, amônia, cloro (método N,N-dietil-p-fenileno diamina – DPD), cor, ferro, oxigênio consumido e coliformes totais em uma única campanha no mês de julho de 2019, comparando os resultados com os estabelecidos pela legislação vigente. Dentre os poços analisados, apenas 16,7% apresentaram resultados dentro dos padrões com relação ao pH, isto se deve as características do solo da região, 12,5% apresentaram resultados não satisfatório com relação a concentração de oxigênio dissolvido e 83,3% apresentaram valores maiores de coliformes totais do que prevê a Portaria 2914 do Ministério da Saúde, sendo este um dado preocupante. Desse modo, este estudo mostrou que um melhor gerenciamento destes poços pode ser feito, pois mesmo com a cloração estes ainda apresentam altos níveis de contaminantes.

Hydro-splitting of coal seams for their effective degassing preparation through underground wells

The article is devoted to the issues of improving the complex technology of coal seam degassing based on its hydrodynamic treatment. The possible modes of implementation of the introduction of working fluid into the coal seam in the process of its injection through wells drilled from preparatory workings and specially sealed to a certain depth, which ensures minimization of breaks of working fluid into the mine. Studies have been carried out to optimize the main parameters of hydrodynamic effects. Rational values of the effective well length and injection volume are established. The expediency of achieving significant rates of injection of the working agent into the formation for the disclosure of natural systems of cracks in it is shown. The directions of increasing the efficiency of formation degassing are investigated. The effectiveness of the integrated reservoir degassing technology was evaluated based on the factors of increasing methane production from underground reservoir degassing wells drilled into the zone of influence of underground hydraulic fracturing wells, and the total methane removal over the entire period of reservoir degassing. The efficiency of improved technology of hydraulic fracturing in underground mining for factors reducing downtime pollution control equipment, gazoobilnosti stope and the productivity of coal mining in zones of intensive integrated reservoir degassing.

IMPROVING THE RELIABILITY OF THE HYDRAULIC PART OF THE OILFIELD PUMP, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE SELECTION OF MATERIAL FOR THE SEAL ASSEMBLY

Many years of experience in the operation of oilfield equipment during underground well repair shows that ensuring the reliability and durability of the pumping units used is one of the main elements of the process chain, largely determined by the quality and performance characteristics of the friction units of the hydraulic parts of the pumps. It is known that high-pressure oilfield pumps used in the repair of oil and gas wells carry out various technological works, including cementing, hydraulic fracturing, acid treatment, washing sand plugs and other washing and squeezing operations. Parts of the hydraulic parts of the pumps are subjected to abrasive, corrosion-mechanical and corrosion-abrasive wear, which often leads to sudden failures, fraught with emergencies, additional costs and loss of time for unscheduled repairs. The article considers the possibility of increasing the reliability of plunger oilfield pumps due to the correct removal of the material of the sealing collars and improving the assembly scheme. It is also proposed to use the diffusion monotonic distribution as a model of failure to evaluate the reliability function of the selected best compression scheme. Since this distribution model is a more flexible function that better aligns qualified data, compared to the well-known two-parameter strict probability models. The results of the work have theoretical and practical prerequisites for assessing the reliability of field pumping units and may be useful for specialists working in this field

Differential Effects of Drinking Water Quality on Phagocyte Responses of Broiler Chickens Against Fungal and Bacterial Challenges.

Combinatorial effects of xenobiotics in water on health may occur even at levels within current acceptable guidelines for individual chemicals. Herein, we took advantage of the sensitivity of the immune system and an avian animal model to examine the impact of xenobiotic mixtures on animal health. Water was derived from an underground well in Alberta, Canada and met guidelines for consumption, but contained a number of contaminants. Changes to chicken immunity were evaluated following acute (7d) exposure to contaminated water under basal and immune challenged conditions. An increase in resident macrophages and a decrease in CD8+ lymphocytes were identified in the abdominal cavity, which served as a relevant site where immune leukocytes could be examined. Subsequent intra-abdominal immune stimulation detected differential in vivo acute inflammatory responses to fungal and bacterial challenges. Leukocyte recruitment into the challenge site and activation of phagocyte antimicrobial responses were affected. These functional responses paralleled molecular changes in the expression for pro-inflammatory and regulatory genes. In all, this study primarily highlights dysregulation of phagocyte responses following acute (7d) exposure of poultry to contaminated water. Given that production food animals hold a unique position at the interface of animal, environmental and human health, this emphasizes the need to consider the impact of xenobiotic mixtures in our assessments of water quality.

METHOD OF USING POLYSPAST SYSTEM FOR CONDUCTING EMERGENCY AND RESCUE OPERATIONS IN A CONFINED SPACE (UNDERGROUND COLLECTORS, WELLS)

Introduction. According to the information of the State Labor Office of Ukraine, over the 12 months of 2018, 59 persons were injured at the enterprises of the water supply and sewerage system of Ukraine, including 2 persons were fatally injured. Within 5 months of 2019, 16 people were injured, with 4 deaths.
 Water and sewerage managements of Ukraine is one of the most important systems of life support of settlements. Much of the water supply and sewerage network is in a state of disrepair and needs to be replaced and repaired. With the onset of summer, the intensity of repair, excavation and cleaning works, work in wells, ditches, trenches, closed spaces increases, which in turn increases the likelihood of accidents occurring during their execution.
 Appointment. Limited (closed) spaces include tanks (tanks, tanks, boilers), wells, chimneys, narrow passageways in tunnels and cellars, and the like.
 EAOUW - emergency and other urgent work.
 Feature of EAOUW in confined spaces is:
 - the possibility of accumulation of gaseous hazardous chemicals in high concentrations, explosive and poisonous gases, as a con- the difficulty of accessing rescuers to victims;
 - limited amount of time for EAOUW;
 - probability of landslides (landslides) during actions in earth wells;
 - a sharp rise in groundwater and displacement of the well rings;
 - threat of explosion or fire.
 Methods. As the equipment of the climbing and special rescue equipment of the units of the operational and rescue service of civil protection is different, we will consider the use of the system of polyspast during rescue operations in a limited space (underground collectors, wells).
 Results. Three experiments were conducted on the use of the polyspast system during emergency rescue and other emergency work in a confined space (underground collectors, wells).
 Conclusion.Having analyzed the above-mentioned facts of accidents at work in underground collectors, wells and standard of accessory, costs and terms of operation of fire-rescue, technological and garage equipment, tools, individual armament and equipment, repair and operational materials of subdivisions of Ukraine mounting method of polyspast system with different equipment. Particular attention should be paid to the third experience, namely the mounting of a polyspast system using six fire carbines and a rope.

DArT, a detector for measuring the 39Ar depletion factor

One of the most powerful techniques for direct detection of dark matter via elastic scattering of galactic WIMPs is the use of liquid argon time projection chambers. Atmospheric argon (AAr) has a naturally occurring radioactive isotope, 39Ar, of cosmogenic origin. The use of argon extracted from underground wells, deprived of 39Ar, is key to the physics potential of these experiments. The DarkSide-20k (DS-20k) dark matter search experiment will operate with 50 tonnes of radio-pure underground argon (UAr), extracted from the Urania plant in Cortez (U.S.A.) and purified in the Aria distillation plant (Sardinia, Italy). Assessing the radio-purity of UAr in terms of 39Ar is crucial for the success of DS-20k, as well as for future experiments of the Global Argon Dark Matter Collaboration (GADMC), and will be done with the experiment named DArT in ArDM. DArT is a small chamber that will contain the argon under test. The detector will be immersed in the LAr active volume of the ArDM detector, located at the Canfranc Underground Laboratory (LSC) in Spain, which will act as active veto for background events coming from photons from detector materials and surrounding rock radioactivity.