Uncontrollable Situation Research Articles

I was easier for him to control when I was drunk: women’s experiences of substance use and domestic abuse victimisation

Many women who are victims of domestic abuse also experience problematic substance use; yet there is a gap in knowledge concerning the interplay of both issues from the perspective of women. While some may use substances to cope with the impact of abuse, their use of substances can also be used against them by the perpetrator as a means of control. This narrative study seeks to reduce the gap in knowledge regarding women’s substance use and victimisation experiences by presenting findings from interviews with women who have experienced the co-occurring issues. Reflecting on the definition of coercive control, and exploring women’s narratives, this article demonstrates how perpetrators may use a woman’s substance use as justification to increase dependency, isolate them from sources of support, reduce their independence and regulate their everyday behaviour. This is an important finding, evidencing how substances are a tactic of coercive control. Conversely, the narratives also illustrate how women may use their substance use to be in control in an uncontrollable situation. Initial recommendations highlight the need to explore the nuance of experience among women with co-occurring substance use and domestic abuse, so that support is provided that is reflective of their lived experience.

코로나19 펜데믹 시기 한국기업 근로자의 재택근무에 관한 적응 경험 연구

Although work from home (WFH) programs have been recognized as beneficial for both employees and organizations, they had not caught the attention of Korean organizations because, culturally, it was unusual for Korean employees to perform their tasks outside of the workplace. However, the COVID-19 pandemic inevitably forced Korean organizations to implement WFH programs, and thus many employees experienced such programs for the first time during COVID-19. This study aims to explore the adaptive experiences of Korean employees to new WFH programs by analyzing the adaptation process based on a grounded theory approach. To this end, we interviewed 20 Korean employees working in the business sector. Our findings show that although at first the participants felt anxious about the uncontrollable situation, they tried to adapt quickly to the new non-face-to-face working style. They developed their own individual strategies (i.e., self-management and self-leadership) to maintain work resources and to separate work from family in the process of adaptation in order to achieve and provide evidence for superior job performance. Based on these findings, we suggest some theoretical and practical implications for human resource development and discuss recommendations for further research.

Internal but not external locus of control predicts acute stress response.

Fluctuation patterns of physiological response after acute stress might indicate one's coping potential with stress, yet this relationship has not been widely examined. The present study investigated how Locus of Control (LOC) can influence cortisol and HR responses in an uncontrollable stressful situation. Seventy-three participants were exposed to acute stress through the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) after finishing the LOC measures. Multilevel regression results suggested that a curvilinear function best captured the shape of the cortisol trajectories which was further moderated by the level of internal LOC. Moreover, higher internality was associated with greater cortisol reactivity and faster recovery. Our study reveals the link between internal control and endocrine stress response. Finally, cortisol upregulation was discussed, as well as the internality-related accelerated recovery of cortisol, which may be involved in the effect of motivation arousal for better adaptation.

A Review of Potential Therapeutic Strategies for COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 is a rather heterogeneous disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The ongoing pandemic is a global threat with increasing death tolls worldwide. SARS-CoV-2 belongs to lineage B β-CoV, a subgroup of Sarbecovirus. These enveloped, large, positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses are easily spread among individuals, mainly via the respiratory system and droplets. Although the disease has been gradually controlled in many countries, once social restrictions are relaxed the virus may rebound, leading to a more severe and uncontrollable situation again, as occurred in Shanghai, China, in 2022. The current global health threat calls for the urgent development of effective therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This systematic overview of possible SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic strategies from 2019 to 2022 indicates three potential targets: virus entry, virus replication, and the immune system. The information provided in this review will aid the development of more potent and specific antiviral compounds.

The Present Day Social Environment in the novel "Bharatha Mathavukku jai" (Long Live Bharath Mata!)

The best Gandhian novel written in recent times is "Bharatha Mathavukku jai!". The author is PV Ramakrishnan, aka PVR. Away from the tendency of the novels of this era to deal only with some family structure, this novel analysis today's social conditions. In this novel, the corruption, violence, lies, and philandering happening in society have been openly depicted. Today, India is not ruled by anyone. Some are swayed. No obligation. No dignity. No control. The poor are also robbed by the poor. The rich also oppresses. Where are we going? We don't know. There is an uncontrollable situation where there is a party in the name of race, a party in the name of caste, a party in the name of religion, and the demonstrations of extremists. A hundred novels can be written about the current situation in our country. But in the foreword of the author, "Enna Puniyam" (But what's the point), he is angry at the current situation, and this novel is an expression of his fear that he can change it in any way through his writing. Education, medicine, and politics are the most important problems that people are facing today. Keeping in mind the imperatives of the times, this article explores the trend of injustices in these sectors and the manner in which narratives are taken to address them. It can be seen that the changes taking place in people's lives from time to time and the living conditions of people today have been depicted in this novel. Like the blood flowing in the body, the demon of bribery runs like a drain in the whole of our country, which is running like a sewer. Corruption, deception, and disruption by politicians could be seen everywhere. This novel makes us think about how to eradicate the corruption and bribery that have crept in like cancer. A situation has arisen in which the man who wishes to live in any way is forced to live somehow in today's era. Therefore, this novel teaches that one should not respect money but respect the mind and live with humanity. In the future, it is hoped that such books will help, like the squirrel that helped Rama to build the bridge, in the future to change the current trends of life and improve the morals of the people so that future generations can live happily in a corruption-free society.

Moral and exhausting distress working in the frontline of COVID-19: a Swedish survey during the first wave in four healthcare settings

ObjectivesTo describe the prevalence and sources of experienced moral stress and anxiety by Swedish frontline healthcare staff in the early phase of COVID-19.DesignCross-sectional survey, quantitative and qualitative.Participants and setting1074 healthcare...

O-227 Has time-lapse technology finally proven its clinical benefit?

Abstract Background Time-lapse technology for the observation of embryos is not new, having been first described in 1930 by Dr WH Lewis using rabbit embryos. However, the use of software (using artificial intelligence and deep learning) linked to known clinical outcomes theoretically helps the embryologist select the ‘best’ embryo for embryo transfer. Time-lapse also reduces the need to manually handle embryos and is hypothesised would reduce biases due to interobserver variation and improve clinical outcomes. Whilst the technology may help improve laboratory workflow, the quantitative evidence is less clear. This raises the ethical question about charging extra for a technology which does not improve patient outcome. In offering time-lapse, professionals have argued that it responds to patient demand and the need to be seen as ‘cutting edge’. However, the patient perspective for using time-lapse has, until recently, been largely unexplored. Methods This presentation relies on three sources of evidence: (i) Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and newly published RCTs not yet incorporated into systematic reviews; (ii) Qualitative studies concerning the consideration or use of time-lapse in those undergoing IVF; and (iii) A qualitative study (VALUE) of patient professional views regarding time-lapse, amongst other add-ons. Results The latest Cochrane systematic review undertook three comparisons to best establish where the potential advantage of time-lapse may lie: (i) undisturbed culture; (ii) the use of software to select the embryo to replace; or (iii) a combination of both stable culture and software. For all outcomes assessed, including crucially livebirth and miscarriage, there was no good evidence to show that time-lapse was any more or less effective than conventional methods of embryo incubation. These findings are supported by another systematic review by Chen et al (2017). A large RCT (TILT) is currently underway and will be the largest RCT to examine the clinical effectiveness and safety of time-lapse. TILT is expected to complete recruitment soon. The VALUE study is an international qualitative semi-structured interview study of patients, embryologists, and clinicians to explore the reasons behind the decisions to use non-evidence-based treatment ‘add-ons’ alongside an IVF cycle. Over half of patient participants interviewed opted to use time-lapse. Inductive thematic analysis revealed five key themes for patients: (i) ‘vulnerability’; (ii) ‘power of the trusted professional opinion’; (iii) ‘role of previous experience’; (iv) ‘acceptability of add-on’; and (v) ‘the evidence doesn’t apply to me’. The analysis of the professional participants’ interviews revealed five themes, some of which mirror the patient themes: (i) ‘treating desperation’; (ii) ‘the patient shopper’; (iii) ‘success not profits’; (iv) ‘potential for harm’; and (v) ‘tensions within evidence-based practice’. Discussion Time-lapse has been adopted widely across fertility clinics globally, and with good reason. It brings efficiencies and convenience for embryologists by allowing them to observe embryos remotely. However, the highest quality evidence does not support the notion that it improves livebirth or reduces miscarriage rates. Qualitative research shows that patients can make choices about add-ons that can leave them in debt due to desperation and the desire to look for hope in an otherwise uncontrollable situation. Professionals acknowledge this, and in their desire to achieve a pregnancy, they sometimes look to add-ons such as time-lapse as a ‘why not’ when previous cycles have failed. Patients describe how they do not want to be denied time-lapse but want it in the context of informed consent. This must include being open about the paucity of evidence to support its effectiveness at this stage.

Evaluation of phytoconstituents of Tinospora cordifolia against K417N and N501Y mutant spike glycoprotein and main protease of SARS-CoV-2- an in silico study

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused appalling conditions over the globe, which is currently faced by the entire human population. One of the primary reasons behind the uncontrollable situation is the lack of specific therapeutics. In such conditions, drug repurposing of available drugs (viz. Chloroquine, Lopinavir, etc.) has been proposed, but various clinical and preclinical investigations indicated the toxicity and adverse side effects of these drugs. This study explores the inhibition potency of phytochemicals from Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) against SARS CoV-2 drugable targets (spike glycoprotein and Mpro proteins) using molecular docking and MD simulation studies. ADMET, virtual screening, MD simulation, postsimulation analysis (RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, PCA, FES) and MM-PBSA calculations were carried out to predict the inhibition efficacy of the phytochemicals against SARS CoV-2 targets. Tinospora compounds showed better binding affinity than the corresponding reference. Their binding affinity ranges from –9.63 to –5.68 kcal/mole with spike protein and –10.27 to –7.25 kcal/mole with main protease. Further 100 ns exhaustive simulation studies and MM-PBSA calculations supported favorable and stable binding of them. This work identifies Nine Tinospora compounds as potential inhibitors. Among those, 7-desacetoxy-6,7-dehydrogedunin was found to inhibit both spike (7NEG) and Mpro (7MGS and 6LU7) proteins, and Columbin was found to inhibit selected spike targets (7NEG and 7NX7). In all the analyses, these compounds performed well and confirms the stable binding. Hence the identified compounds, advocated as potential inhibitors can be taken for further in vitro and in vivo experimental validation to determine their anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Water quality assessment of Dodiongan Falls in Bonbonon, Iligan City, Philippines

<abstract> <p>Water is an essential element that sustains life on this planet, yet it is threatened by human activities. With little attention paid to the waterfall as a source of a domestic water supply and a tourist spot for recreation, this study was designed to investigate one of the waterfalls in Iligan City, Philippines: Dodiongan Falls. The location of the study is a neighborhood of the city garbage dumpsite that due to an uncontrollable situation, releases dark-colored secretion from the treatment box as has been verified by the residents in the area; this posed a threat to their food security and livelihood. Assessing the physicochemical parameters, heavy metal concentration and <italic>Escherichia coli</italic> counts is very crucial in interpreting its water quality. All parameters such as the pH, alkalinity, turbidity, lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), and the E. Coli test were done following the standard procedures. The results revealed that the pH, alkalinity, turbidity, total lead (less than 0.01 mg/L) and total mercury concentration (less than 0.001 mg/L) at the three sites were in conformity with the guidelines of the World Health Organization and Philippine national water quality standards. However, the E. Coli count has increased downstream from 220 to 1,600 MPN per 100 ml, which exceeded the standard limit. With these findings, it is paramount that the creation of a management plan be initiated as soon as possible by the different governmental agencies in order to bring back the life of Dodiongan Falls.</p> </abstract>

Nanomaterial Based Biosensors for Detection of Viruses Including SARS-CoV-2: A Review.

The COVID-19 outbreak led to an uncontrollable situation and was later declared a global pandemic. RT-PCR is one of the reliable methods for the detection of COVID-19, but it requires transporting samples to sophisticated laboratories and takes a significant amount of time to amplify the viral genome. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a large-scale, rapid, specific, and portable detection kit. Nowadays nanomaterials-based detection technology has been developed and it showed advancement over the conventional methods in selectivity and sensitivity. This review aims at summarising some of the most promising nanomaterial-based sensing technologies for detecting SARS-CoV-2. Nanomaterials possess unique physical, chemical, electrical and optical properties, which can be exploited for the application in biosensors. Furthermore, nanomaterials work on the same scale as biological processes and can be easily functionalized with substrates of interest. These devices do not require extraordinary sophistication and are suitable for use by common individuals without high-tech laboratories. Electrochemical and colorimetric methods similar to glucometer and pregnancy test kits are discussed and reviewed as potential diagnostic devices for COVID-19. Other devices working on the principle of immune response and microarrays are also discussed as possible candidates. Nanomaterials such as metal nanoparticles, graphene, quantum dots, and CNTs enhance the limit of detection and accuracy of the biosensors to give spontaneous results. The challenges of industrial-scale production of these devices are also discussed. If mass production is successfully developed, these sensors can ramp up the testing to provide the accurate number of people affected by the virus, which is extremely critical in today’s scenario.

Multi-Scenario Simulation of a Water–Energy Coupling System Based on System Dynamics: A Case Study of Ningbo City

In this work, based on the concept of collaborative water–energy development, a multi-scenario system dynamics simulation model of a water–energy coupling system was constructed by using the system dynamics modeling method. The model was composed of four subsystems: society, economic, water resources, and energy. Taking Ningbo City as the research location to run the simulation model, the analysis of the validity of the model showed that the relative error between the historical data and the simulation results of the model was less than 10%, which proved that the model passed the test. In this paper, based on the scenario of business an usual (BAU), three scenarios of water-saving scenario (WSS), energy-saving scenario (ESS), and comprehensive savings (CS, the comprehensive scenario considers water-saving and energy-saving together) were designed, and the simulation indexes in the three scenarios were refined in order to strengthen the control of water-saving policies, improve the effective use of water, optimize the industrial energy structure, improve the level of energy-saving-related technologies, and advance the urbanization process. The simulation results for Ningbo City from 2010 to 2030 show that the water–energy coupling system is affected by many factors, and the adjustment of a driving factor of any subsystem will have an impact on the water–energy coupling system. There are two driving factors: the first is a constant variable related to water resources, energy, society, and economic, and the second is a variable affected by time. The coupling system is based on the law of real development and is composed of causal and functional relationships between variables. Therefore, within the prediction range of 2030, the driving factors in the coupling system are controllable, and there is no uncontrollable situation. The strengthening of water-saving policies and the improvement of the coefficient of the effective utilization of water will have the optimal saving effects on water resources and energy at both the single and the coupling level; this also demonstrates that the water resource management in Ningbo City plays an extremely important role in the relationship of the water–energy coupling. The results of this study are expected to provide a valuable reference for the management and conservation of water–energy coupling in Ningbo City.

Critical study of leadership styles in handling COVID-19 crisis

The world is passing through an unparalleled crisis, named COVID-19. The world economy is surrounded by it, and therefore on a daily basis, there are many updates in the situation, which is rapidly changing the status of the nation’s worldwide. Some are on the verge of survival, some are trying to get the makeover and some are facing turmoil. In order to overcome this situation, the leaders of the different countries had to plan the strategies to deal with this current situation. Therefore, this paper is focused upon determining the different leadership styles followed by the leaders of the different countries and the effectiveness of these leadership styles in handling the COVID-19 situation. Both primary and secondary data has been collected for the research. This research would encourage the academicians, researchers, management students, corporate managers and employees etc. to understand the impact of different leadership styles followed by the leaders to control any devastating situation that could shatter the economy of any nation. This research would help develop the proper understanding of the different leadership styles and its implementation for determining the effectiveness of the different leadership styles in handling this uncontrollable situation.

Pain experience and mood disorders during the lockdown of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States: an opportunistic study.

The unknown and uncontrollable situation of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have triggered changes in pain, anxiety, and depression along with a perception of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms. We determined how anxiety, depression, and pain outcomes varied during the "Stay-at-Home" order compared with the prepandemic period and whether nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms would occur. We conducted an online survey to opportunistically reassess clinical anxiety, depression, pain intensity, and pain interference while controlling for somatic symptom severity during the prepandemic and Stay-at-Home order period. During the Stay-at-Home period, anxiety, depression, pain intensity, and pain interference were reassessed. Coping strategies were assessed as a critical factor influencing pain behaviors. In addition, we explored the occurrence of nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms with an ad hoc survey referencing the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention publicly available COVID-19 symptoms. We observed a significant increase in depression and anxiety levels during the Stay-at-Home period. Coping strategy changes (eg, increased exercise) were linked to lower pain severity and interference which improved overall. Participants who self-reported nonspecific COVID-19 symptoms had higher prepandemic depression. Among the 72 participants not diagnosed with COVID-19, 70.8% of the participants experienced symptoms resembling those associated with COVID-19. We suggest the parallel between pain outcome improvement and worsening anxiety and depression during the Stay-at-Home order might reflect a shift in symptoms, indicating that those patients with underlying mood disorders may require more help than they did before the pandemic.

Stressor controllability modulates the stress response in fish

BackgroundIn humans the stress response is known to be modulated to a great extent by psychological factors, particularly by the predictability and the perceived control that the subject has of the stressor. This psychological dimension of the stress response has also been demonstrated in animals phylogenetically closer to humans (i.e. mammals). However, its occurrence in fish, which represent a divergent vertebrate evolutionary lineage from that of mammals, has not been established yet, and, if present, would indicate a deep evolutionary origin of these mechanisms across vertebrates. Moreover, the fact that psychological modulation of stress is implemented in mammals by a brain cortical top-down inhibitory control over subcortical stress-responsive structures, and the absence of a brain cortex in fish, has been used as an argument against the possibility of psychological stress in fish, with implications for the assessment of fish sentience and welfare. Here, we have investigated the occurrence of psychological stress in fish by assessing how stressor controllability modulates the stress response in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax).ResultsFish were exposed to either a controllable or an uncontrollable stressor (i.e. possibility or impossibility to escape a signaled stressor). The effect of loss of control (possibility to escape followed by impossibility to escape) was also assessed. Both behavioral and circulating cortisol data indicates that the perception of control reduces the response to the stressor, when compared to the uncontrollable situation. Losing control had the most detrimental effect. The brain activity of the teleost homologues to the sensory cortex (Dld) and hippocampus (Dlv) parallels the uncontrolled and loss of control stressors, respectively, whereas the activity of the lateral septum (Vv) homologue responds in different ways depending on the gene marker of brain activity used.ConclusionsThese results suggest the psychological modulation of the stress response to be evolutionary conserved across vertebrates, despite being implemented by different brain circuits in mammals (pre-frontal cortex) and fish (Dld-Dlv).

Approaches and perspectives for online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and future chaos.

BACKGROUND:Online learning (OLL) methodology has been incorporated in higher education extensively on the mount over the last few decades and with the onset of COVID-19 situation, the virtual method in academia became essential. After observing worldly destructions and death due to coronavirus, the WHO declared a high alert emergency, and since Pakistan started to follow lockdown since March 2020 to prevent high penetration and consequently, the online teaching method was adapted to keep the learning atmosphere alive. The study is aimed to identify the influencing factors and compliance for the implementation of the OLL system in COVID-19 and, in the future, nonpandemic state as well.MATERIALS AND METHODS:The present study is designed to observe the adaptability and hurdles among pharmacy students, and for the purpose of the study, a questionnaire on the Likert scale was developed and asked to respond from pharmacy undergraduate and postgraduate students after taking consensus, which further analyzed through IBM SPSS Statistics Version 26.RESULTS:The outcomes of the study were analyzed with a high level of conformity; however, the gender-based reservations were observed, and moreover, merits of OLL were observed with high jeopardy.CONCLUSION:The adaptation of OLL, though proved as the only troubleshooter in an uncontrollable situation and enabled universities, professors, and students for patience, resilience, and hopefully, will serve as swift safeguard for future challenges of epidemic and pandemic disasters. According to the evolution theory, brain adaptability and plasticity of human organisms grow the capacity to adjust itself with an advanced characteristic.

The functional connectome predicts feeling of stress on regular days and during the COVID-19 pandemic

Although many studies have explored the neural mechanism of the feeling of stress, to date, no effort has been made to establish a model capable of predicting the feeling of stress at the individual level using the resting-state functional connectome. Although individuals may be confronted with multidimensional stressors during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, their appraisal of the impact and severity of these events might vary. In this study, connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM) with leave-one-out cross-validation was conducted to predict individual perceived stress (PS) from whole-brain functional connectivity data from 817 participants. The results showed that the feeling of stress could be predicted by the interaction between the default model network and salience network, which are involved in emotion regulation and salience attribution, respectively. Key nodes that contributed to the prediction model comprised regions mainly located in the limbic systems and temporal lobe. Critically, the CPM model of PS based on regular days can be generalized to predict individual PS levels during the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a multidimensional, uncontrollable stressful situation. The stability of the results was demonstrated by two independent datasets. The present work not only expands existing knowledge regarding the neural mechanism of PS but also may help identify high-risk individuals in healthy populations.

Brief report - “Every little thing gonna be all right” (at least for me): Dispositional optimists display higher optimistic bias for infection during the Italian COVID-19 outbreak

Dispositional optimism (DO) and optimistic bias (OB) in risk perception are two distinct phenomena and previous studies about their reciprocal relationship report contrasting results. In the present study, we focused on the relationship between DO and OB when reporting the personal and the other persons' risk about COVID-19. We hypothesized that, when facing a largely uncontrollable risky situation (like the recent pandemic), dispositional optimists would defensively increase their OB about the current risks. A convenience sample of 414 Italian participants aged 18 or older were recruited. They completed a questionnaire investigating past protective behaviors, DO, perceived personal and other persons' COVID-19-related risk. Results of the mixed regression model showed that more optimistic people were more likely to underestimate their COVID-19 personal risk over the other's person risk. These results shed light on the relationship between different forms of optimism and provide useful insight about the potential implications of risk communication approaches to face the current pandemic.

Martini-Klinik experience of prostate cancer surgery during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Martini-Klinik experience of prostate cancer surgery during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Potential therapeutic targets and promising drugs for combating SARS-CoV-2.

As of April 9, 2020, a novel coronavirus (SARS‐CoV‐2) had caused 89,931 deaths and 1,503,900 confirmed cases worldwide, which indicates an increasingly severe and uncontrollable situation. Initially, little was known about the virus. As research continues, we now know the genome structure, epidemiological and clinical characteristics, and pathogenic mechanisms of SARS‐CoV‐2. Based on this knowledge, potential targets involved in the processes of virus pathogenesis need to be identified, and the discovery or development of drugs based on these potential targets is the most pressing need. Here, we have summarized the potential therapeutic targets involved in virus pathogenesis and discuss the advances, possibilities, and significance of drugs based on these targets for treating SARS‐CoV‐2. This review will facilitate the identification of potential targets and provide clues for drug development that can be translated into clinical applications for combating SARS‐CoV‐2.

Investigating the experiences, thoughts, and feelings underlying and influencing prehabilitation among cancer patients: a qualitative perspective on the what, when, where, who, and why

Purpose To investigate the experiences, thoughts, and feelings that underlie and influence prehabilitation among cancer patients due to undergo major abdominal surgery. Materials and methods Prior to their surgery, sixteen patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis of colorectal or ovarian origin due to undergo major surgery received oral information and a leaflet with preoperative recommendations. They subsequently participated in individual, semi-structured interviews. Malterud’s principles of systematic text condensation were used to analyse the interviews, and the concept of action competence inspired and framed the discussion. Results Although the patients found themselves in an unpredictable and uncontrollable situation, they nevertheless knew what was important to them. These factors were contextualised in five themes that reflected the experiences, thoughts, and feelings that underlay and influenced their actions: “Perception of preparation,” “The two-sided preoperative period,” “Home or facility-based prehabilitation,” “Stakeholders in prehabilitation,” and “Reasons for taking action”. Conclusions The patients demonstrated action competence in relation to their preoperative preparation. However, in relation to the kind of prehabilitation that required lifestyle changes, their action competence needed to be developed and supported. To do so, it is necessary to ask questions that cover the patients’ perspectives of the what, when, where, who, and why of prehabilitation. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATION Patients undergoing major, abdominal cancer surgery have very clear opinions about what are important to them during the preoperative period, and this is not only limited to prehabilitation-related actions. In order to develop patients’ action competence in relation to prehabilitation, patients need more support and supervision from health professionals. Qualitative in-depth knowledge concerning the what, when, where, who, and why of prehabilitation should be taken into account in the development of future prehabilitation programmes.