Unconjugated Estradiol Research Articles

A radioimmunoassay of unconjugated oestradiol in urine.

ABSTRACT A radioimmunoassay has been developed for the measurement of unconjugated oestradiol in urine. After extracting with ether and purifying by thin layer chromatography, the assay is performed using anti-serum prepared against oestrone-17-oxime-bovine serum albumin conjugate. Dextran-coated charcoal is used to separate free and bound fractions. The measurable range on the standard curve is from 10 to 1000 pg. The blank of the method is 9.7 ± 3.6 pg (sd) and is independent of urine volume. The intra-assay coefficient of variation is 9.5 % and the inter-assay variation is 12.8%. The accuracy and specificity of the method are also satisfactory. During one menstrual cycle, urinary free oestradiol averaged 32 ng/day (n = 9, range 22 to 58) during the follicular phase; 341 ng/day at the mid-cycle peak; and 46 ng/day (n=10, range 12 to 138) during the luteal phase. The oestradiol content of 3 consecutive 24-h urines from a normal man was 4.8 ng/day (2.7 to 7.2).

Unconjugated estrone, estradiol and FSH and LH in prepubertal and pubertal males and females.

ABSTRACT Thirty normal males and 30 normal females who were between the ages 10–14 yr inclusive, who on careful physical examination ranged from prepubertal to adult sexual development (Tanner Stages I–V) were each studied by measuring serum FSH, LH, estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2). Prepubertal females (Stage I) had higher values for estradiol, 10 pg/ml than males, 5 pg/ml (p < 0.005). Estrone was not significantly higher in prepubertal females. At each subsequent stage of puberty, both E1 and E2 were significantly higher in the girls (p < 0.05). Both estrogens correlated significantly with stage of puberty, osseous maturation, and with chronologic age in males and females. A significant association (p < 0.05) was observed between levels of both gonadotropins and levels of both estrogens in males, and between both gonadotropins and E1 in females; E2 correlated significantly with LH (rs = 0.7), but poorly with FSH (rs = 0.13).

278. Plasma levels of unconjugated estrone, estradiol and estriol in early pregnancy. Correlation with HCS in the same subjects

278. Plasma levels of unconjugated estrone, estradiol and estriol in early pregnancy. Correlation with HCS in the same subjects

The effect of ampicillin administration on urinary estriol and serum estradiol in the normal pregnant patient

Urinary estriol and serum unconjugated estradiol were measured in normal pregnant patients given ampicillin for three days. When comparing the first two control days with the third day of drug administration, it was noted that six out of 18 patients sustained a decrease in urinary estriol greater than 35 per cent. This over-all decrease, however, was not as consistent as has been earlier reported. The administration of ampicillin had no noticeable effect on serum unconjugated estradiol. The etiology and current status of this problem were presented.

CONCENTRATIONS OF UNCONJUGATED ESTRONE, ESTRADIOL, ANDROSTENEDIONE AND TESTOSTERONE IN OVARIAN AND PERIPHERAL VENOUS PLASMA IN WOMEN

ABSTRACT The concentrations of unconjugated estrone, estradiol, testosterone and androstenedione were measured in peripheral and ovarian venous plasma collected from 17 women treated with one of the following contraceptives: intramuscular medroxyprogesterone, oral chlormadinone or ethynodiol diacetate with mestranol. Estradiol in both ovarian and peripheral plasma was low; in all cases it was below the mean for 18 normal women. In ovarian venous plasma the levels of estrone were higher than those of estradiol in 7 of the 11 women treated with chlormadinone or ethynodiol and mestranol while in the 5 women treated with medroxyprogesterone estradiol was higher than estrone, as is found in untreated women. The principal change in the C19 steroids was a decreased concentration of androstenedione in ovarian venous plasma. This was especially evident in women treated with ethynodiol and mestranol. Testosterone levels were comparable to those of untreated subjects.

A rapid competitive protein-binding assay of unconjugated oestradiol in late pregnancy plasma

A simple and rapid competitive binding method is described for the determination of unconjugated oestradiol in late pregnancy plasma. Macromolecules (oestrogen receptors) present in rabbit uterine cytosol were used as the binding protein. The bound and free fractions were separated by using dextran-charcoal suspension. The reliability of the method has been discussed. Sensitivity will allow determination of low levels of plasma oestradiol. The method can, therefore, be applied routinely in early and late pregnancies to monitor foeto-placental function.

Changes in unconjugated oestrogens and progesterone concentration in plasma at the approach of labour.

SummaryThe concentrations of unconjugated oestriol, of unconjugated oestradiol and of progesterone were measured in the plasma of ten normal pregnant women during the last 15 to 21 days of pregnancy and in labour. The approach of labour was not associated with any consistent change in hormone concentration or in the relationship of oestrogen and progesterone levels to one another.

Plasma estradiol, estriol, and progesterone in human pregnancy: II. Clinical applications in Rh-isoimmunization disease

The plasma concentrations of unconjugated estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), and progesterone (P) were measured by radioligand and radioimmunoassay in 8 patients with severe and 4 patients with mild Rh-isoimmunization disease. An abnormal ratio of either E2/E3 or P/E3 was found to precede each of 5 perinatal deaths attributed to hemolytic disease. Normal ratios of both E2/E3 and P/E3 were found in 6 of 12 patients and were associated with good fetal prognosis. A normal ratio of only one of either E2/E3 or P/E3 was associated with 2 and 1, respectively, of the 5 perinatal deaths attributed to the hemolytic disease. Determining both E2/E3 and P/E3 ratios is necessary for predicting fetal well-being in patients with Rh-isoimmunization disease. The method may be helpful in the follow-up of patients who undergo intrauterine fetal transfusion and may provide a more thorough assessment of fetoplacental function.

CONCENTRATION OF UNCONJUGATED ESTROGENS, ANDROGENS AND GESTAGENS IN OVARIAN AND PERIPHERAL VENOUS PLASMA OF WOMEN

The concentrations of unconjugated estrone (Ei), estradiol (E2), testosterone (T), androstenedione (A) and progesterone (P) were measured in peripheral and ovarian venous plasma collected from 18 healthy women on days 7-30 of the menstrual cycle at the time of elective tubal ligation. An additional 4 steroids, pregnenolone, 17a-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP), 20«-dihydroxyprogesterone (20-OHP) and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), were measured in ovarian venous plasma. In 2 subjects, one in the follicular phase and one in the luteal phase, blood was obtained from both ovaries. There was evidence of secretion by the ovary of all the steroids measured. Of the Cis and Cio steroids, E2 and A, respectively, were secreted by the ovary in largest amounts. There was a wide range of concentration of each steroid in ovarian venous plasma collected at the same time of the cycle from different subjects. High concentrations of E2 were associated with high levels of Ei, T and A. DHEA appeared to be higher in plasma from the less actively secreting ovary. Equally high values of all these steroids were found in specimens from both phases of the cycle. There clearly was secretion of progesterone in the luteal phase from the ovary containing the corpus luteum. In the subject where bilateral sampling was performed, the ovary that did not contain the corpus luteum secreted lesser, though still significant, amounts of P than the one containing the corpus luteum. In the follicular phase, there was a suggestion of secretion of P in 2 cases. In 3 of 4 subjects in the follicular phase in which 17-OHP was measured, it was increased; in one of these, 17-OHP was higher in blood from the ovary secreting the smaller amount of e3trogen. In the luteal phase, high levels of 17-OHP were found in some subjects. The relationship between 17-OHP and P or E2 was not consistent. The range of concentrations of all the steroids in the peripheral plasma was much less than in the ovarian plasma. The ratios of A/T and E2/Ei in ovarian vein plasma were 4-6 times higher than in peripheral vein plasma. (J Clin Endocr 32: 155, 1971) M of the concepts concerning the endocrine events in the menstrual cycle have been deiived from observations Received April 28, 1970. Supported in part by Grant AM-08184 from the NIH, Grant GB-6231 X (J. McCracken), NSF, Division of Biological and Medical Sciences, by a grant from the Ford Foundation through its Training Program in the Physiology of Reproduction, and by grants from Ortho, Searle, Syntex, Upjohn and Warner-Lambert Companies, and by a grant from the Ford Foundation to the Department of Obstetrics, The University of Chile. 1 Presented in part before the Sixth World Congress of Fertility, Tel-Aviv, Israel, May 1968, and the Third Meeting of ALIHR, Bahia, Brazil, October 1968. 2 Present address: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Edinburgh, 39 Chalmers St., Edinburgh, Scotland. 3 Deceased May 12, 1968. of changes in the endometrium or from the pattern of excretion of various hormones in the urine. Only recently have sufficiently sensitive methods-become available to permit direct measurement of the content of steroid hormones and gonadotrophins in the blood of individual subjects. A number of investigators have measured the levels of unconjugated testosterone, androstenedione, estrone and estradiol in ovarian venous plasma of the human (1-15). However, a study of these steroids in both ovarian and peripheral blood throughout the menstrual cycle has not previously been made. In this study we measured unconjugated testosterone (T), androstenedione (A), estrone (Ei), 17/3-