Unani System Of Medicine Research Articles

Research article Toxicity Studies on Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (calcined iron rust) prepared by Classical and Muffle Furnace Methods


 Background: Though a number of studies has been carried out in terms of safety of Kushta but concerns have been raised about the presence of heavy metals in Unani formulations. Classical method of preparation of KKH and other Kushta preparation in Unani system of medicine has been found to eliminate all such issues from the end product. Hence; the present study was designed to evaluate the acute and sub-acute toxicity study of KKH prepared by Classical and Muffle furnace methods.
 Objective: To ascertain the safety profile of Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (KKH) prepared by classical and muffle furnace methods.
 Materials and methods:
 Both of the samples of KKH i.e. Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (KKHCM) and Kushta Khabasul Hadeed (KKHMFM) prepared by Classical and Muffle Furnace Methods respectively were evaluated for acute and sub-acute toxicity by OECD guidelines 423 and 407 respectively. The starting dose in the acute test was 50 mg/kg and in sub-acute test, it was 134mg, 200 mg and 400 mg/kg b.w. Effect of both of the test samples were assessed for ponderal changes, food and water intake, relative organs weights, hematological, biochemical and histopathological features of various organs.
 Results: Both of the samples did not produce any sign of toxicity in acute toxicity study up to the dose level of 2000mg/kg b.w. In sub-acute toxicity study no mortality in any of the test groups was observed. KKHCM at different doses showed a slight decrease in food intake in all the test groups but significant difference (P<0.05) was observed in the test group B as compared to plain control.
 Conclusion: KKHMFM was found to be relatively toxic than KKHCM at different dose levels. The study demonstrated that both the Classical and Muffle furnace methods of preparation of Kushta are useful for preparing KKH and also safe at the dose prescribed in Unani literature. However, the Kushta prepared by the classical method was found to be safer than the muffle furnace method.

Understanding Holism in the light of principle underlying practice of Unani Medicine.

The holistic Unani medicine is fundamentally different from the reductionist conventional medicine. It asserts the self-integration amongst its basic disciplines, without considering them underlying principles of Unani system of medicine cannot be understood. The diagnosis, selection of drugs, and plan of treatment is also overlooked. Unani scholars attribute health to the functions or actions of the body in a normal way. The constitution is considered as the result of need based on the amalgamation of Arkan (primordial essence). Umoor Tabiya (basic principles) interact at many levels and manifest into Kaifiyyat (Mizaj), Akhlat (Humour), Arwaah (Pneuma), Quwa (faculties), and Tabiyat (Physis) which need to be understood properly for effective management and diagnosis of disease in Unani medicine as well as its treatment. Ilmul Asbab is applied in the prevention of disease as well as in disease causation. In Unani medicine, there should be conformity in between, Asbab (causes), Alamaat (symptoms), and therapeutics. Therefore; the treatment strategy needs the knowledge of Ilmul Asbab. This paper will examine the basic relationship amongst disciplines i.e. Basic principles, diagnosis, and principles of treatment. It will attempt to illustrate the need for awareness of the basic principles of health and disease for a physician for effective management of disease which is what Unani medicine claims to be holistic.

Effects of co-administration of Unani pharmacopoeia formulations Qurs Tabasheer Sartani and Arq Hara Bhara with CAT-I antitubercular drugs in rats.

Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health problem globally, despite incredible advancements in healthcare system. In Unani system of medicine, Qurs Tabasheer Sarthani (QTS) and Arq Hara Bhara (AHB) have been traditionally used for tuberculosis like conditions. The study was aimed to investigate the effects of co-administration of QTS and AHB with category I first line antitubercular drugs (CAT-I) on the indices of liver and kidney function in rats. QTS and AHB were prepared individually and mixed to achieve final compound Unani pharmacopoeia formulation (UPF). The human equivalent doses for rats were calculated and administered with and without CAT-I. The effects of the formulations on serum indices of kidney and liver function, hematological markers and plasma CAT-I drug levels were estimated at 14th, 60th & 180th days of treatment. The administration of UPF, CAT-I and UPF+CAT-I altered the levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) and haematological markers. These alterations were within permissible range and randomly distributed among groups during various time points. Administration of CAT-I alone resulted in moderate histopathological changes which were completely abrogated in CAT-I+UPF co-administered animals. The co-administration of UPF with CAT-I improved the plasma peak rifampicin (RIF) levels, without altering the liver and kidney functions. The co-administration of UPF with ATT improved liver and kidney functions and increased the plasma levels of RIF. These beneficial findings provide a scope to evaluate the pharmacokinetic studies in humans.

Effect of Arjun Chāl on cardiovascular risk factors – a randomized controlled clinical trial

Cardiovascular diseases have a multifaceted, it causes modern epidemic; Recognizing in the risk factor stage, is crucial, given the risk of progression to cardiovascular disease. Ibn Sīnā, described CVDs as a resultant of gradual derangement of Quwwat ghādhiya (Nutritive faculty); in which management with ghidhā' (diet), tadābīr (regimens), dawā' (drug) has been received. To evaluate the effect of Arjun Chāl (Terminalia arjuna) in CVD risk factors. And to evaluate the drug safety. This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. Total 120 patients were screened at OPD of NIUM hospital, Bangalore during 2018-19, only 48 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and signed written informed consent and their detailed medical history was recorded. Arjun Chāl powder (5gm BD) for eight weeks administered in test group (n=24), Amlodipine (5mg) and Atorvastatin (10mg) once a day for same duration administered in control group (n=24). Efficacy of the drug assessed by the Lipid profile, BP and BMI; lipid profile were performed at baseline and at 8weeks, while BP and BMI performed at baseline, 15, 30, 45, and 60th day intervals. Study was completed by 40 patients. The results of both the therapies were then compared and statistically analyzed. Totally, both groups reduces assessment parameters i.e. statistically highly significant (p<0.001). Test group showed greater reduction in terms of all assessment parmeters. But, the difference between both the groups was statistically non-significant p>0.05. Both test and control drugs were effective, but Arjun Chāl had a slight edge over amlodipne and atorvastatin, and was found to be safe and well tolerated. It has a cardio protective potential and hence effective to delay/prevent CVD in patient with cardiovascular risk factor.Keywords: Unani System of Medicine; T.arjuna; Arjun Chāl; Efficacy; Safety; Cardiovascular risk factor.

Concept of life style diseases and its prevention through Unani system of medicine- A review

Lifestyle diseases are defined as diseases accompanying with and often caused by the way in which people live their life. Lifestyle diseases are commonly produced by unhealthy eating, lack of physical activity alcohol and smoking, which lead to heart disease, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes and cancer. Since diseases are not transmitted directly from one person to another, it is also called Non- Communicable Diseases. A unique philosophy of Unani system of medicine “prevention is better than cure. It is very vital to prevent the onset of disease Unani system stresses on the importance of prevention of diseases more than its treatment. There is a need to aware people about the role of Asbab-e-Sitta-Zarooriah in maintenance of human health. The aim of this paper is to know about the concept and prevention of life style diseases through unani system of medicine.

Kushta-E-Sadaf: Medicinal aspect

Kushta Sadaf (Calcined of Mother of Pearl or Calcined Oyester Shell) is non-lustrous, grayish white, fine powder, prepared from various shells that are obtained from both fresh and saline water resources as rivers, ponds seas and oceans etc. Kushta sadaf is being used in unani system of medicine from ancient period. It is also used in other systems of medicine. Most of unani physicians described it as cold and dry in temperament. It has various medicinal properties like mughalliz (impuissant), habis (styptic), muqawwi (tonic) etc. Chemically it is composed of calcium carbonate and a very small amount of calcium oxide.

A brief review on apple and its medicinal uses in Unani Medicine

Tuffah (Apple) is a well-known fruit used throughout the world for its nutrition and unique taste. Apple is primarily used as diet but has some pharmacological activities, although it has more dietary constituents as compared to drug constituents. Like other fruits and vegetables, it also conations dietary fiber which is linked to lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, its strong antioxidant property found to be inhibit cancer cell proliferation, decrease lipid oxidation, and lower cholesterol. In Unani System of Medicine, from Dioscorides to eminent Indian scholars have described its medicinal importance as cardiotonic, cardioprotective, digestive, tonic for vital organs and anthelmintic. This paper is aimed to review the pharmacological details of apple according to Unani and ethnobotanical literature along with its pharmacognostical details. We also summarize the some scientific and pharmacological studies on health benefit of apple.

Compound Unani formulations used in Zeeq-un-Nafas (Bronchial Asthma) with their therapeutic importance: An overview

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases in modern society and there is increasing evidence to suggest that its incidence and severity are increasing. There is a high prevalence of usage of complementary medicine for asthma. Current estimates suggest that 300 million people worldwide suffer from Bronchial asthma. This disease is very well recognized since ancient times in Unani system of medicine. Various ancient Unani Scholars and Physicians have use different Arabic terms like Rabu (short inspiration and prolonged expiration), Buhar, Dama, Intesab-un-Nafas and Zeequn Nafas under the caption of bronchial asthma. They also described the etiopathological factors, clinical features, types, and various complications of bronchial asthma that are presented in detail in their concerning treatises. Unani physicians have been treating this disease for thousands of years and they have mentioned various single as well as compound drugs viz; Kakra Seenghi (Pistacia integerrima) Arusa (Adhatoda vasica), Ajmod (Apium graveolens), Aslussoos (Glycyrrhiza glabra), Bazrul banj (Hyoscyamus niger), Biskhapra (Trianthema portulaca), Doodhi (Euphorbia hirta), Nil(Indigofera: tinctoria), Qinnab (Cannabis sativam) etc. and the compound formulations in the forms of - Kushta, Majoon , Hubb, Sharbat, Arqiyat, Joshanda, Khenshanda, Laooq ,Tiryaq, Sikanjabeen, Rub, Roghaniyat for its treatment. The relevance formulations have been described in this review paper with their ingredients and usage also to provide the benefit to the students and researchers for their further researches

Neela Thotha (Copper sulphate): An important mineral drug of Unani medicine to be used in the management of various ailments

Neela Thotha (Copper sulphate) is a mineral origin drug in Unani system of medicine (USM). Chemically, it is known as copper sulphate that formulated as CuSO4. It is used by various Unani scholars to manage different ailments in effective and safe manner as Mufrad (single) and Murakkab (compound) form viz. Amrad Jild (skin disease), Amrad Chashm (eyes diseases), Amrad Nizam Hadm (GIT diseases), Amrad Tansuliya (sexually transmit diseases), Amrad Dimag (brain diseases), Amrad Tanffus (respiratory disease) and Poisoning of certain substances. A review was done by bibliographic database from ScienceDirect, Medline, PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Ebsco Publishing's Electronic Databases, and Scirus. Search was done by using key words viz. ‘Neela Thotha’, ‘Copper sulphate ’, ‘Tootiya’, and ‘CuSO4’, literature of Neela Thotha was also collected from the renowned Unani text book viz. Khazain-ul-Advia, Mohit-e-Aazam, Makhzan-ul-Mufradat, and Mufradat-e-Azizi and also from standard conventional books viz. Indian Medicinal Plants, and Parikh’s Textbook of Medical Jurisprudence Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. In conventional medicine Neela Thotha considered as poisonous substance characterized by colicky abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhoea, severe headache, albuminuria, dyspnoea, circulatory failure, coma and death and avoids its use in human being. While in USM after proper detoxification of Neela Thotha is used in various ailments. Neela Thotha and its formulations have been claimed by Unani scholars to be useful in the management of various ailments. In this article authors have an attempt to explore properties and used of Neela Thotha in several ailments.&#x0D; Keywords: Neela Thotha; Tootiya; CuSO4; Copper sulphate; Copper

Review Article Trigonella foenum graecum (Methi): An important botanical drug of Unani system of medicine for the management of gynecological disorders

Hulbah (methi) is a botanical drug used in traditional system of medicine and claimed to be effective in the management of gynecological disorders. In this study the aim is to review the role of Hulbah in the management of gynecological disorders (like Warm-e-Rahim, Warm-e-Unq-ur-Rahim, Cervicitis, galactogouge, dysmenorrhea uterine tonic, emmenagogue, labour pain, Mudirr-e-boul, Mudirr-e-Haiz, Mushile Wilaadat, Salabat Rehm, Warm-e-Rehm, Quruhal Rahim) as mentioned in Unani literature. A review of literature on Hulbah was undertaken using the bibliographic database viz. Pub Med, Google Scholar, Science Direct and Scopus. The search was conducted using the terms ‘Hulbah’, ‘Methi’, ‘Trigonella foenum-gracum’, ‘Fenugreek ’and ‘Hu Lu Ba’. Further, books published in Urdu and English were used to compile the information as representative literature in Unani medicine. The result of review enumerated that Hulbah as such and as an ingredient in various formulations has been used for the management of gynecological disorders since ancient times mainly by the practitioners of traditional medicines. Literature of Unani medicine clearly indicated that Hulbah and its different formulations are safe in gynecological disorders. Sufficient information in respect of Antiarthritic effect, Antibacterial and Antifungal activity, Hypolipidemic effect, Anthelmintic activity, Estrogenic activities, Effect on polycystic ovarian syndrome, Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities etc., of Hulbah are available. Hulbah and its formulations have been claimed by Unani medicine to be useful in the management of gynecological disorders. Modern scientific reports though scarce, also suggest the possibility of such an effect.&#x0D; Keywords: Methi: Hulbah: Trigonella foenum gracium: Fenugreek

Botany, Traditional Uses and Pharmacology of Bukkun Booti - Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene: An Underexposed Botanical Drug of AYUSH-Unani System

Bukkun Booti (Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene; Syn. Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx.), of Verbenaceae, is a fast-growing creeping perennial medicinal herb, has a very long history for human use as it is generally distributed throughout the world. The plant has been traditionally used and recorded in AYUSH-Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha systems of medicine. In the Unani System of Medicine (USM), the Bukkun Booti is used for detoxification of the blood. It is useful in Bawāsīr (bleeding piles), Ru‘af (epistaxis), Hasāh al-Mathāna (cystolithiasis), Sozāk (gonorrhea) ‘Usr al-Bawl (dysuria) and Hummayat (fevers). Ethno-medicinally, it has been widely used as a traditional folk medicine to treat and cure ailments by the local tribal and other communities. The entire plant is diuretic, febrifuge, stomachic and astringent; good for ulcers, wounds, asthma, bronchitis, knee-joints and to ladies after delivery. Bukkun Booti is a rich source of antioxidants and secondary metabolites, and aerial parts are reported to contain phenolic compounds (flavonoids), which are found to have a broad array of reported pharmacological actions such as; antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic and hepatoprotective properties. The purpose of this review paper is to bring together the available information on the current status and therapeutic uses of Bukkun Booti in the Unani System of Medicine and to discuss the botany and importance of the plant on the basis of folk uses, pharmacological activities and chemical constituents. The potential characteristics of P. nodiflora could be utilized more efficiently by linking the bridge of traditional uses, pharmacology and phytochemistry through an integrated approach.

Sibr (Aloe barbadensis): A Short Description with Unani Approach

In many parts of world, there is still a tradition of using herbal drugs to combat various diseases &amp; infections. Sibr is one of the essential components of Unani system of medicine and used by Unani physicians due to it’s a lot of medicinal properties since ancient time. It is commonly called Aloe-vera and belongs to the Lilicaceal family. It is a cactus like herb and grows in hot and arid environment. Unani physicians have been using this drug as a laxative, purgative (phlegm/bile), brain tonic, stomach tonic, liver tonic, emmenogogue, anti-inflammatory, blood purifier, antibacterial, and carminative agent. Hence, this drug having a vital place in Unani system of medicine and text. It is also use to reducing Low density Lipoprotein, increasing High density Lipoprotein, minimizing frost-bite injury, reducing blood glucose level, fighting against Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), allergies, and boosting immune system. This article was designed to lime light the Aloe barbadensis by describing its brief toxicology, contraindications, traditional, therapeutic and others uses.&#x0D; Keywords: Antibacterial, Aloe barbadensis, Sibr, therapeutic, Unani system of medicine.

Understanding the concept of Purgation (Ishal) in Unani Medicine: A Review

The theory of humours (akhlat) is one of the fundamental pillars of the Unani System of Medicine (USM). The concept of health and disease depends on the quality (kaifiyat) and quantity (kammiyat) of humour (khilt). Health (sehat) lasts when humours remain in equilibrium and the main determinant of health is the balance in six essential factors (asbab-e-sittah zarooriya). These factors are highly modifiable and deviation in any of them leads to disequilibrium in humours either qualitatively or quantitatively which ultimately manifests in the form of the disease. Elimination (istifragh) of these morbid humours from the body becomes mandatory to treat the diseases or to restore health. One of the effective methods of elimination is purgation (ishal). It is a method by which morbid humours from the body are eliminated through the anal route. Before the elimination of any pathological humour especially in chronic diseases, it is mandatory to make the humour easily eliminable. This process of making the pathological humour eliminable is known as concoction (nuzj). The process of concoction is a regular and continuous process of the tabiyat (mediatrix naturae) of the body. In case of a minor deviation in humour, tabiyat itself eliminates it from the body after concoction. When the causative pathological humours are in abundance or grossly deviated from normalcy, tabiyat needs help from outside the body. This help of tabiyat can be done with some humour specific drugs which are known as concoctive medicines (munzij advia). Once, the humours become eliminable, the process of evacuation can be started. Classical Unani literature and published papers were explored to find the rationale of purgation therapy. Purgation is found to be advisable in the treatment of many chronic diseases. Tabiyat is the ultimate healer in the body and purgation helps it to overcome the diseases.&#x0D; Keywords: Istifragh; Munzij; Nuzj; Akhlat; Humours; Concoction

A Panoramic view of most commonly used Regimenal Modalities (Tadabeer) for joint pain in Unani System of Medicine: A Critical Review

Pain in joints (Waja ul Mafasil) is a major clinical problem that may or may not be associated with inflammation. Researchers and Clinicians are rigorously working to find out the best treatment modality in the management of joint pain. Unani physicians claimed the management of various joint disorders with the help of several Tadabeer. The objective of this critical review is to address the claims of Unani physicians and clinical studies conducted on the efficacy of Dalk or Hijama in the management of joint pain. Classical Unani literature, peer-reviewed journal articles and RCTs that predominantly focused on the use of regimenal modalities (Hijama and Dalk) in the joint pain were included in this review. Several published studies claiming the effect of Dalk and Hijama by Unani physicians, showing significant improvement, were included along with the literature. Various published clinical trials showed the effect of Dalk and Hijama in the management of joint pain, though, the effect showed by some clinical trials was short term. Hence, rigorous, controlled, randomized, blinded, and long duration follow up studies on large sample size are to be conducted by trained clinicians or researchers to establish the efficacy of Dalk or Hijama in the management of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs).&#x0D; Keywords: Dalk; Hijama; Waja-ul-Mafasil; Joint Pain; Musculoskeletal Disorders; Unani

Medicinal importance of Papra (Podophyllum hexandrum Royle) in Unani System of Medicine.

Podophyllum hexandrum Royle [=Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T.S. Ying] is an important, endemic medicinal plant species of Himalaya. It is used in Unani System of Medicine under the name of 'Papra'. The drug was not mentioned in previous literatures, but the first time it introduced in Unani Medicine by a great scholar Hakim Najmul Ghani. He has mentioned its uses and benefits in his classical book Khazainul Advia. In Unani Medicine the plant species has been used to treat various ailments like constipation, fever, jaundice, liver disorders, syphilis, diseases of lymph glands etc. In Kashmir Himalaya it is used to treat various diseases by local medicinemen, but now it is listed in rare drugs. Various pharmacological studies have been done such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, radio-protective etc., recently it has also been reported that podophyllotoxin or podophyllin can be used to treat some forms of cancers also.

Research Opportunities in Unani/ Greco-Arabian Medicine

Unani medicine is a traditional system of medicine which was founded on the teachings of Hippocrates (460-377 BC). It is based on a holistic concept of health preservation, promotion and disease prevention. Mizaj (temperament), asbab-e-sitta zaruriyah (six essential factors), and tabiy’at (physis) are the basic concepts of Unani medicine which help in disease prevention as well as management. Unani medicine has a rich treasure of many effective preventive and therapeutic methods for lifestyle disorders, acute and chronic diseases, as well as psychological conditions. In this paper, we discuss the important research areas in Unani system of medicine, particularly related to present-day world.&#x0D; Keywords: Unani medicine, lifestyle, chronic diseases, Mizaj

Antidepressant Activity of Nardostachys jatamansi Extract in Animal Models of Depression

Background: Depression refers to a wide range of mental health problems characterized by the loss of interest in routine activities, low mood and a range of associated emotional, cognitive, physical and behavioral symptoms. It is one of the major causes of mortality as tendency of suicidal attacks are exhibited in these patients. The diagnosis of depressive patients is very complicated in many cases and they do not respond to rational clinical prescription. In traditional medicine, Nardostachys jatamansi has been used as stimulant, antispasmodic, laxative and antiepileptic in ayurvedic and unani systems of medicine. The objective of our study was to evaluate and compare the antidepressant activity of N. jatamansi extract with fluoxetine in animal models of depression.&#x0D; Methodology: It was a preclinical experimental study in which Total 100 BALB/c mice divide into 14 groups i.e. Group 1 &amp; 2 control 0.9% NaCl i.p for forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) respectively, Group 3 &amp; 4 Fluoxetine 0.5 mg/kg i.p for FST and TST respectively, Group 5, 6 &amp; 7 of N. jatamansi 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively for FST, Group 8, 9 &amp; 10 N. jatamansi 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg respectively for TST, Group 11 N. jatamansi (most effective dose) for Locomotor Test, Group 12 NaCl 0.9% for Yohimbine Potentiation Test (YPT), Group 13 Fluoxetine 0.5 mg/kg for YPT and Group 14 Received extract of N. jatamansi (most effective dose) for YPT. Antidepressant activity of N. jatamansi extract at different doses after induction of depression via FST and TST was recorded. Moreover the antidepressant effect was confirmed by locomotor test. YPT was also applied to comment on possible underlying mechanism.&#x0D; Results: In our study 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg doses of N. jatamansi showed significant reduction in immobility time when compared to controls and 500 mg/kg showed significant reduction as compared to group given fluoxetine in FST model. All the groups in TST model showed significant reduction in immobility time when compared to controls and fluoxetine given group. N. jatamansi at the dose of 500 mg/kg was found to be most effective in both the models. No significant change in locomotor activity was found in locomotor test. The percentage mortality of 50% was observed in N. jatamansi group using yohimbine potentiation test.&#x0D; Conclusion: In our study Nardostachys jatamansi showed significant reduction in immobility time when compared to controls and fluoxetine.

Concept of Dhaat Syndrome in Unani System of Medicine: A Review

The term “Dhat” was derived from songskrito and the ancient Vedic depiction of body fluids called “dhatus” and among the seven different body fluids (dhatus) mentioned in Veda; semen is perceived to be most precious one. First of all Indian doctor Narendra Wig coined the term Dhat syndrome in 1960 and described it as being characterized by vague psychosomatic symptoms of fatigue, weakness, anxiety, loss of appetite, guilt, and sexual dysfunction, attributed by the patient to loss of semen in nocturnal emission, through urine or masturbation. Several local terms have come to imply the passing of semen in urine as “dhatu rog” and named also as “jiryan.” Ayurvedic scholars regard semen loss as a severe illness, leading to physical debilitation, ill health, thereby promoting herbal and dietary therapies. In Unani system of medicine there is no as such description of Dhaat Syndrome but the concept of Jiryan-e-Mani is well described by Unani scholars. The signs and symptoms of Jiryan-e-Mani is almost very similar to Dhaat syndrome. Many Unani Physicians like Ibn-e-Sina, Buqraat, Ibn-e-Nafees, Hakeem Aazam khan etc., describes jiryan-e-Mani in detail.

Treatment of Patients with Flu Like Syndrome - Case Series

Flu-like syndrome FLS is a common ailment occurring in high frequency in the general population and is considered trivial by most people. In winter of 2019 a variant of FLS was reported from Wuhan China and was named COVID-19. Since then it has been a challenge for the medical fraternity in terms of prevention and treatment. Various treatment modules are in vogue but all are supportive and based on trial and error design. Outcomes with supportive and assumptive treatments has so far been good and many with mild to moderate infection have recovered from FLSCOVID-19. There is no definite treatment available for FLS and is considered self-limiting. At present hydroxychloroquine doxycycline ivermectin dexamethasone antibiotics and ventilation are the treatment modalities applied in different combinations across countries. In India and China alternate therapies have also been tried to treat and prevent COVID-19. Unani system of medicine is one of the AYUSH components in India. A decoction of Unani medicine has attained fame for its efficacy in Maharashtra India. Evidence supporting efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine TCM is also documented from China. In the present case series efficacy of an Unani formulation in arresting disease progression and its therapeutic potential is documented.nbsp

DESCRIPTION OF STOMATITIS IN THE LIGHT OF UNANI SYSTEM OF MEDICINE

Stomatitis is the inflamatory condition of mucus membrane of mouth in unani system of medicine stomatitis is known as Qula. Qula is ulceration of oral mucosal layer caused by fasaad in any one of the akhlat-e-arbah of the body first line treatment consist of topical medication with use of systemic medication as nessesary. Management of Qula in unani system of medicine , Unani physician prescribe to manage the cases of Qula by musakkin, Qabiz, mutayyib-e-dahan, mujaff-e-Qarooh mulatif, mujaffi-e-zakhm adviya.