UN E-government Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of ChatGPT and Bard in Digital Governance: Accuracy, Adaptability, and Readability Insights

In a comprehensive assessment of ChatGPT and Bard's performance across three key indices—Government AI Readiness, Digital Economy and Society, and UN E-Government Survey, the study delves into nuanced insights regarding their accuracy, adaptability, and readability within the context of Digital Governance. ChatGPT demonstrated a superior accuracy rate of 93.55%, surpassing Bard's performance at 88.57%. Notably, both models exhibited variations in individual and mutual error correction capabilities, particularly evident when faced with confirmation queries. Bard showcased an adjustment post-confirmation, suggesting potential error correction, whereas ChatGPT displayed limited adaptability in similar scenarios. While there was a notable congruence in their responses to Digital Governance content, challenges arose in deciphering complex information, especially concerning sustainability initiatives. Bard generally produced more accessible content, evident in readability metrics, in contrast to ChatGPT's inclination towards using complex language. Both models demonstrated promising alignment in addressing intricate topics within the realm of Digital Governance. The findings emphasize the need for policymakers to critically evaluate the adaptability and accuracy of language models like ChatGPT and Bard when considering their integration into digital governance practices. Awareness of their diverse performance and error correction capabilities is crucial for responsible implementation, ensuring the maximal benefits of AI in public decision-making.

Does E-Government and Control of Corruption Affect Government Effectiveness and Economic Growth in Lower-Middle-Income Countries in Asia?

This study examines the impact of e-government and corruption control on government effectiveness and economic growth in lower-middle-income countries in Asia. This study uses SMART PLS to test construct validity, reliability, and discriminant validity to assess data quality. Data is obtained from Worldbank and UN e-government surveys. The results of the study show that e-government has a positive and significant effect on government effectiveness, with a P-value of 0.000 and a T-statistic of 3,664. Control of corruption affects government effectiveness with a P-value of 0.001 and a T-statistic of 3.209; then, government effectiveness has a positive and significant effect on economic growth with a P-value of 0.000 and a T-statistic of 4.026. The findings highlight the importance of adopting efficient e-government practices and effective corruption control measures to improve government performance and promote sustainable economic growth in these countries.

E-Government Usability Evaluation: A Comparison between Algeria and the UK

e-Government holds the keys to improving government services provided to citizens and the private sectors within their countries. Although Algeria is the largest country in Africa and has one of the most thriving economies in the continent, it is remarkable that the Algerian EGDI ranking was 120th according to the latest UN e-government survey. This inspired the researcher to investigate the relationship between the success factors of e-services in developed countries and their counterparts in developing countries. The main aim of this study is to explore the factors that influence the level of usability of e-government services between developing and developed countries against a set of specific guidelines to provide means for improving these services in developing countries. The researcher selectively extracted three guideline categories from Research-Based Web Design and Usability Guidelines as a means for expert evaluation of 10 Algerian e-government services compared to British e-government services. Our results show that Algerian e-services lack mostly in Use Frames when Functions Must Remain Accessible, Highlighting Information, and Graphics Should Not Look like Banner Ads (belonging to Page Layout, Text Appearance, and Graphics, Images & Multimedia respectively), whereas UK e-services scored highly across all three categories. These findings further enhance the UN e-government survey and identifies the sub-categories that developing countries need to pay more attention to in order to provide a more reliable and robust e-service to its users and citizens. Furthermore, this study proposes that the Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines can be converted into an evaluation tool to be used by evaluators to easily assess the usability of a website. The combination of relative importance, chapters of the guidelines, and their respective guidelines gathered from Research-Based Web Design & Usability Guidelines, along with the evaluation of these individual guidelines by evaluators will serve as an integral tool for developers when developing e-government services to reach the satisfaction of the users.

FORMATION OF A DYNAMIC MODEL OF E-GOVERNMENT OPTIMIZATION IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF NEW CHALLENGES AND RISKS

In the context of modern challenges and risks, which, first of all, include the turbulence of world politics and the world economy, the negative consequences of globalization and digitalization, the COVID-19 pandemic, special importance is given to the tasks of the state to ensure internal and external security, protect rights, freedoms and interests of citizens, creation of favorable conditions for sustainable socio-economic development of the country. The listed challenges and risks faced by modern Russia have increased the importance of e-government and become a trigger for its dynamic development. Today, e-government promotes fast, stable, secure and reliable interaction between citizens, the private sector and the state. The article is devoted to the identification and analysis of successful practices in the field of digital government development in order to form a dynamic model for optimizing the electronic government of the Russian Federation. The research methodology is based on comparative and compositional-graphical analysis, on the basis of which the authors compare the features, approaches and quality of the leading countries’ in the UN e-Government Development Index (EGDI) e-governments’ functioning. In the study, the authors pay special attention to the issue of the effective e-government functioning, analyze current global trends in the development of digital governments, and refer to the experience of advanced digital states. As a result of the study, the authors identify the integral components of an effectively functioning e-government, clearly demonstrate its model. In conclusion, the authors analyze the problems of e-government development in Russia, and also formulate recommendations for its dynamic optimization.

The grey digital divide and welfare state regimes: a comparative study of European countries

PurposeTechnology access, digital skills, and digital services are increasingly prerequisites for public life and accessing public services. The digital divide in contemporary societies matters for efforts to digitalize the welfare state. Research has already mapped individual determinants of digital exclusion and the existence of an age-related digital divide. However, far less attention has been paid to variations in digital inclusion between countries and to their potential explanations related to political systems. This study explores the influence of variations in welfare regimes on the digital divide among seniors (aged 65+) in Europe.Design/methodology/approachThis article presents time-series cross-sectional analyses of the relationship between welfare state regimes and digital inclusion among seniors in European countries. The analyses are based on data from Eurostat, the World Bank, and the UN E-Government Survey.FindingsThe authors find extensive variation in the digital inclusion of citizens between welfare regimes and argue that considering regime differences improves the understanding of these variations. The findings indicate that the age-related digital divide seems to be least evident in countries with more universalistic welfare regimes and most evident in countries where seniors rely more on their families.Originality/valueThis is the first comparative study of the association between welfare state regimes and digital inclusion among seniors.

International assessment of E-government in the Republic of Kazakhstan

In several developed countries, the «e-government» is one of the main elements of the formation of modern society and open public administration. «E-government» allows citizens to quickly get answers to socially important questions without interacting directly with civil servants, removes all sorts of administrative barriers when receiving public services, and facilitates access to official information. Currently, we can say that Kazakhstan is actively implementing «e-government» and the country is one of the leaders in Asia in this direction. Our country demonstrates significant progress in the development of «e-government» and its implementation in the daily life of the country and society. The article considers the process of formation of e-government in the Republic of Kazakhstan in theoretical and practical aspects. It presents the comparative analysis and key moments for the improvement of the results of the development of e-government in our country based on international assessments of the UN e-Government Development Index.

Digital Competences in Public Sector Education as a Prerequisite for e-Government

e-Government in Germany is usually not ranked top of the class in Europe. Rankings, such as the EU eGovernment Benchmark 2022, UN E-Government Development Index and others show that Germany is rather poorly ranked among the developed nations of the world. The authors assume that there is a correlation between the quality of Public Sector Education regarding digital competences and the quality of e-Government the so digitally educated civil servants can deliver. Civil servants in Germany usually graduate from one of the approximately 20 main universities of public administration; hence, an overview of the digital competences taught there is the core of this article. The main result is that both the quantity and the quality of digital competences taught need to be improved and, in the worst case depend on the university chosen, even zero digital competences are taught to the future civil servants.

BENCHMARKING E-GOVERNMENT: CURRENT TRENDS AND DIGITAL BARRIERS TO DEVELOPMENT

The basic principles and methodological foundations for measuring the readiness and ability of the national institutions to provide citizens and businesses with access to public services online are considered. On the occasion of the 20th anniversary of the study of the implementation of e-government tools in UN member states (UN E-Government Survey), current trends and transformations of the e-government model, the digital divide and digital barriers to further progress in the development of the digital economy and e-democracy are analyzed. The methodological basis of the study applied are techniques and methods of complex comparative analysis and logical generalization and the information base is formed by the results of the UN E-Government Survey and World Bank Governance Surveys.

Measuring Outcomes of Digital Transformation in Public Administration: Literature Review and Possible Steps Forward

Abstract Digital transformation is the modern mainstream of social and economic development promising significant digital dividends to citizens and businesses worldwide. The theory highlights the importance of digitalization for optimizing the public value of government services for citizens; however, despite the high enthusiasm about the prospects of digital transformation in public administration, there is little literature on measuring actual benefits this process might provide to all stakeholders concerned. While some recent research suggests high correlation between governance indicators and e-government development, the causality between the two is not confirmed statistically for most public administration indicators. International indices used to measure government digitalization (such as the UN E-Government Development Index) often concentrate only on e-services and are based on measuring the availability rather than the actual use or quality of such modes of service delivery; they concentrate more on measuring G2C and, to some extent, G2B interactions and often omit the effects of digitalization for the G2G and G2E dimensions. The EU Digital economy and society index (DESI) is one of the most advanced cases for measuring the progress of digitalization in the EU, but even in this case the costs of digitalization and potential risks of digital government are not fully accounted for. The paper provides an extensive review of theoretical and practical approaches to measuring government digitalization, identifies key limitations and proposes some steps for enhancing the existing practices. The paper argues that government digital transformation should not be performed for its own sake but should be a means for raising effectiveness and efficiency of public administration. Therefore, both benefits and risks of digital transformation of performing all core government functions for various stakeholders (citizens, businesses, government itself, and public officials) should be accounted for.

Public Internet Governance Institutes: Comparative Analysis of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan

Belarus, Russia and Kazakhstan are among the highly developed countries in the UN e-Government Development Index. With a high rate of digitalization of public administration, solving the problems of citizens' access to the Internet and developing the electronic services sector, these countries differ from each other in the design of a digitalization policy. The structure of digitalization projects in these countries includes all the necessary components — strategy, coordination, evaluation, intervention, but it is distinguished by a focus on digital change and a political infrastructure that ensures technology interference in the public sphere. Among the significant factors of digitalization policy in the described cases, the idea of sovereignty related to the Internet and digital technologies stands out. The general policy of the countries included in the Eurasian space of cooperation is expressed by the principle of “digital sover eignty”. The article analyses the general understanding of the principle of “digital sovereignty” and the various strategies for its implementation — “multilateral interaction”, “stakeholder cooperation” and “centralized management”, as well as the institutions of management that provide them.

Dissemination of Environmental Information in the E-Governance system: World Trends and Experience for Ukraine

The UN E-Government Survey 2016 on «E-Government in Support of Sustainable Development» offers a brief overview of e-government trends in the world. According to the survey, more and more governments are using information technology to provide services and engage people in decision-making processes in rural areas in their countries. Talking about the emerging economies in East Europe, the Ukrainian economy is growing faster with 50% of population living in rural areas, which develops incredible pressure on the government to give more focus on many ways of environmental safety of Ukraine. Ukraine is predominantly rural country and in order to improve the environmental conditions it is important that both central and local governments carried out national environment information activity. Modern information technology helps to disseminate environmental information in rural areas and is a major provider of information opportunities for the rural population. By 2020 Ukrainian government has a goal to achieve interaction at all levels by electronic mode. There are various electronic databases that are already functioning at the national level such as the Real Estate Register, Public Cadastral Map, etc. that can help the Ukrainian government to achieve greater transparency and successful governance. However, access to such registers is currently not possible for regional communities. Therefore, disposing of environmental information, avoiding environmental threats to the local population and enhancing the effectiveness of local governance is a goal for local governments. This paper offers a modern vision of information technologies in the field of natural resources management. E-government projects and ways to solve problems in the sphere of dissemination of information in rural areas in order to improve e-governance in contemporary Ukraine were explored.
 Keywords: Environmental information, information human rights, sustainable development, EU environmental policy

Global e-government development: besides the relative wealth of countries, do policies matter?

PurposeThis study aims to investigate whether, discounting the effect of the relative wealth of countries, it is possible to observe the relevance of policies for e-government development.Design/methodology/approachThe deviations of countries' results from what could be expected, considering their relative wealth is calculated by using the residuals of a linear regression using the Gross Domestic Product per capita as the independent variable and the UN E-Government Development Index as the dependent variable. The countries that achieve better and worse results than expected are then identified and their cases are analyzed by resorting to secondary sources, namely, published research referring to their cases. Those research documents were identified by successively searching the Scopus database, the Google Scholar database and the Web of Science.FindingsThe existence of formal e-government strategies and plans and the capacity to implement them can make a difference, allowing countries to achieve better results than expected or, in their absence, to perform worse than expected.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed methodology can be useful to e-government researchers, particularly as a basis for deeper and more detailed studies.Practical implicationsCountries should invest in well-developed and focused strategies and continuity of public policies and their capacity to deliver results. For that purpose, political commitment and high-level coordination are key factors. For low-income countries, long-lasting cooperation with external experienced partners is crucial. For high-income countries, innovative thinking is a key enabler.Originality/valueThis study uses an innovative method to look beyond the effect of the relative wealth of countries and investigate the relevance of public policies for e-government development.

Comparative analysis of best practices in e-Government implementation and use of this experience by developing countries

A comparative analysis of the practice of implementing e-government in different countries gives an opportunity to identify the advantages and disadvantages of existing information systems, find ways to optimize and improve the efficiency of public administration. The purpose of this study was to identify the leading countries in e-Government development for comparison with Ukraine, and to apply their positive experience in implementing e-portals, creating the necessary regulatory framework, disseminating the Internet, and attracting citizens to participate in the processes of forming the information society. The article explores the dynamics of E-Government Development Index (EGDI) and E-Participation Index (EPI), analyzes the achievements of developed countries in e-government, and identifies leading countries such as the United Kingdom, France and Spain whose experience is useful for its application in Ukraine. The qualitative analysis of the achievements of different countries was based on the UN e-Government knowledgebase and the United Nations E-Government Survey from 2003 to 2018, information from e-Governance research articles, government website data, newsletters, and research findings. The study of e-government practice in leading countries and in Ukraine shows that the development of public information space has many similarities and the process of e-government formation in developing countries in many spheres follows the path of developed countries, preserving their own national features. The authors of the article have identified the main common components of this process, outlined aspects of improving the practice of e-government in the direction of building an effective system of public administration.

Development of E-government in Russia: Problems and Prospects

Introduction. The article gives an assessment of the e-government development in Russia from 2008 to 2018. E-government contributes to the development of the state’s information infrastructure, improves the effciency of public service delivery to the society and attracts the public to participate in the process of developing and adopting government decisions. The article presents a comparative analysis of the development of the electronic government of Russia with other countries. The key issues of improving e-government in Russia are identifed on the basis of the UN e-government development index. This indicator allows assessing whether the state is ready to provide electronic public services to citizens and what are its opportunities for using information and communication technologies in providing these services.Materials and methods. Electronic government has become the subject of a wide range of disciplines, including political communication and sociology. Currently, scientists are paying increasing attention to the intersection of technological factors, equipment and culture in the adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICT), e-government research has begun to demonstrate some diversifcation. Russian scientists mostly focus on the statistic data of implementation of egovernment and consequences for governance and society. This investigation is based on following methods: 1) content-analysis of offcial documents of the Russian Federation concerning e-government; 2) declarations and interviews of offcial authorities; 3) monitoring of mass media; 3) international and national statistics data analysis.Study results. Russia has relatively good indicators of e-government development in the world (according to UN e-Government Development Index), and the introduction of e-government is quite fast. But, in comparison with the leading countries, Russia still lags far behind in many respects because of: huge territory; low level of distribution of electronic services; low activity of mobile communication; weak dynamics of the increase in the number of Internet users; lack of the necessary law regulatory framework; low computer literacy of many government offcials.

E-Government as a Tool for Improving Entrepreneurship

This article addresses the relationship between e-government development and entrepreneurship. The study adopted an inductive approach, where it utilized archival data to test the relationship between the two paradigms. The authors hypothesize that improving e-government initiatives will influence entrepreneurship. Utilizing global data will guard for researcher biases and utilize the huge sample size built in the archival data used. The two data sets included the UN's e-government survey, and the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Institute survey. Results indicated a full support of the relationships assumed between the major dimensions of EGDI and GEI. Regression analysis indicated that Online service Index and telecommunication Infrastructure index are significant predictors of GEI, but failed to support the role of Human Capital Index. The coefficient of determination of the regression equation estimated 69.2% of the variance in GEI. Further tests and research conclusions are stated at the end.

A multi-methods study exploring the role of stakeholders in the digital preservation environment

Purpose This study aims to examine the role of stakeholders in the digital preservation under the following key research questions: What are the levels of awareness of the volumes of digital material? What are the contributory factors for the growth of digital records and the types of information and communication technology products? Design/methodology/approach With the convergence of questionnaire, documentary evidence, observation, interview and questionnaire, this paper aims to examine the state and role of stakeholders in the digital preservation environment. The adoption of the multi-methods approach to the study offered a panoramic view of the inquiry where the quantitative paradigm became the emphasis or the priority for the study, while the qualitative data set provided a secondary or supportive role. Findings The study underscored the adoption of collaborative and participatory opportunities in the digital preservation environment and reinforced the concept of Open Data, which thrives on citizen’s trust, participation and collaboration (UN e-government survey, 2014). It further revealed lack of knowledge about the likely growth of digital material across the ministries and agencies and confirmed that government legislations have contributed to the increased demand for information and the growth of digital records. Originality/value The study underlined two mutually exclusive concepts (collaboration and participation) as part of the strategies to ameliorate the digital preservation conundrum confronted by memory institutions in Ghana. The applications of these concepts as solutions to the digital preservation problems are novel and currently gaining prominence and acceptance within the archival community Their adoption in this study could not have come at a better time, particularly when public sector organizations are confronted with the challenge of preserving digital records.

A Study on the Open Government Data in OECD Countries: Focusing on Comparison and Relevance with the UN E-Government Development Index

A Study on the Open Government Data in OECD Countries: Focusing on Comparison and Relevance with the UN E-Government Development Index

Examining Development of E-Government in Russia and China: A Comparative Approach

ABSTRACTE-government has been an emerging trend in recent decades, inviting interest from policy makers, bureaucrats, citizens, and public administration researchers. The purpose of this article is to track and analyze inception and evolution of e-government systems in Russia and China. Authors utilized the UN e-government survey to compare various dimensions of e-government over eleven years. The findings indicate that although both countries achieved high levels of e-government development, marked by a high level of availability and integration of e-government services, both Russia and China came short of reaching e-democracy, the highest level of e-government, which inherently promotes e-participation.

The electronic face of authoritarianism: E-government as a tool for gaining legitimacy in competitive and non-competitive regimes

E-government in autocracies is used as a seemingly democratic pattern of legitimation which became increasingly popular during the last decade. The most current data of the UN e-government survey (2014) show that several autocracies massively expand their online facilities. Recent studies question the widespread assumptions that such initiatives improve transparency and foster democratization. They propose the hypothesis that authoritarian regimes set up e-government as a response to globalization pressures and to demonstrate modernity and legitimacy to the international community. However, this article argues that the hypothesis does not account for the variations of e-government across different types of authoritarian regimes and suggests a refinement. The qualitative assessment of four post-Soviet authoritarian regimes points to crucial differences of how e-government is used to legitimate authoritarianism. While the non-competitive regimes of Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan create their web presences primarily for an international audience, the article finds a surprising citizen-responsiveness on the websites of the competitive regimes of Kazakhstan and Russia. This article proposes a new concept of e-government in autocracies and illustrates that some type of competitive authoritarian regimes use their websites not only for gaining external legitimacy but also as an efficient tool for obtaining the support of their people by offering online services and simulating transparency and participation.

Mission Critical 공공 정보화 구축 시험평가 개선 지표 연구

Up until recently, Korea has ranked the first place in UN e-Government Survey for three consecutive years. In keeping with such accomplishment, the size of budget execution has been consistently growing in accordance with Korea's Government 3.0 policy and vision, leading to increase in big-sized informatization projects in the business. Especially in mission critical public sector's infrastructure where it affects many people, growing demand for establishing high-quality information system with new technologies being brought to attention in order to meet the complex needs of citizens. National defense information system, being one of representative domains examples in the concerned area, established high military competency by applying breakthrough technology. Network-oriented national defense knowledge informatization was set as the vision in order to implement core roles in making efficient national defense management; and effort has been made to materialize the vision by making advancement in national defense's information system and its informatization implementation system. This research studies new quality index relevant to test and evaluation (T&E)of informatization business in national defense which is the representative example of mission critical public sector's infrastructure. We studied international standards and guidelines, analyzed actual T&E cases, and applied them to the inspection items that are currently in use, complying with the e-government law (Act No. 12346, Official Announcement Date 2014. 1.28., Enforcement Date 2014. 7.29.) As a result of productivity analysis, based on hypothesis in which suggested model was applied to T&E of the national defense informatization business, we confirmed the possibility of enhancement in the T&E productivity by assessing reliability, expert ise, and safety as evaluation factors.