Ulyanovsk Region Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of Surgical Outcomes in Hybrid and Open Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: A Regional Russian Cancer Centre Experience.

Surgery is pivotal in treating esophageal cancer; hybrid esophagectomy, which combines minimally invasive and open techniques, shows promising outcomes. This historical cohort study compared the surgical outcomes of standard open esophagectomy with hybrid esophagectomy. Overall, 58 patients who underwent either hybrid or open esophagectomy at the Ulyanovsk Regional Clinical Oncology Clinic, Russia, from January 2015 to December 2023 were included. Data on demographics, surgical details, and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. The primary measures were overall complications and anastomotic leakage rates. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's Chi square test and t test via StatTech software (version 2.8.8). The number of removed lymph nodes was higher in the hybrid group (24±9) than in the open group (15±7) (P<0.001). In addition, the hybrid esophagectomy group showed significant reductions in operational time and blood loss (P<0.001 and P=0.014, respectively). The need for blood transfusion was higher in the open esophagectomy group (P=0.043). The postoperative length of stay in the hospital did not differ significantly between the two groups (open=20±8 days, hybrid=17±7 days, P=0.178). Cardiac complications were more frequent after an open esophagectomy (P=0.044). Hybrid esophagectomy reduced postoperative cardiac complications and other adverse events while maintaining satisfactory oncological outcomes. It had advantages over standard open esophagectomy in terms of lymphadenectomy, operative time, blood loss, and transfusion requirements, suggesting its efficacy for esophageal cancer patients.

Employment and development levels in rural areas of the Russian Federation

The development of agro-industrial complex is important for ensuring national food security and national health. The development of rural areas is subject to the development of agriculture and local infrastructure, as well as the availability of various services. This study selected 15 indicators in 2021 to analyze the employment and development levels in rural areas of 71 regions of the Russian Federation using the analytical grouping method. The results indicated that 20 regions (Group 1) had the highest percentage of rural population (33.10%). The percentage of population engaged in agriculture had the highest value (12.40%) in 31 regions (Group 2). Moreover, 20 regions (Group 3) had the highest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget (11.80 USD/person). Increasing the investments in fixed assets carried out from the budget of the municipality can improve the employment level in rural areas. Then, we used cluster analysis to divide 14 regions of the Volga Federal District in the Russian Federation into 3 clusters. Cluster 1 covered Kirov Region and Republic of Mari El; Cluster 2 included Ulyanovsk Region, Saratov Region, Nizhny Novgorod Region, Perm Territory, Orenburg Region, Chuvash Region, and Republic of Mordovia; and Cluster 3 contained Republic of Tatarstan, Samara Region, Udmurtian Republic, Penza Region, and Republic of Bashkortostan. Results indicated that the 2 regions of Cluster 1 need to increase the availability of resources and natural gas and improve the investment attractiveness of rural areas. The 7 regions of Cluster 2 needed to develop infrastructure, public services, and agricultural production. We found the highest employment level in rural areas, the largest investments in fixed assets at the expense of municipal budget, the largest residential building area per 10,000 persons, and the largest individual residential building area in the 5 regions of Cluster 3. This study makes it possible to draw up a comprehensive regional development program and proves the need for the development of rural areas, which is especially important for the sustainable development of the Russian Federation.

Methodological Aspect of Evaluating the Effectiveness of Public Policy in Depressed Regions

The paper considers the practical possibilities of using various methods of qualitative and quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of public policy implementation, detailed in the context of the problem of depressed regions rehabilitation. The aim of the study is to form a holistic and comprehensive model that allows analyzing the effectiveness of the implementation of state projects at the regional level, taking into account the specific features inherent in the economic and administrative spheres of the depressed subjects of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the research topic to these conditions is defined by the dynamic nature of the development of regional depression, as well as the need to improve public administration mechanisms in order to solve urgent problems of socio-economic development of regions and ensure opportunities for sustainable and balanced spatial development of the Russian Federation. The development of this topic includes the use of methods of retrospective statistical analysis, mathematical modeling, as well as abstraction and socio-economic comparison. Based on the results of the study, a theoretical concept has been formed, including a methodological apparatus that allows evaluating the effectiveness of existing models of public administration for the development of depressed regions. The conclusions obtained at the theoretical level are concretized in the context of a practice-oriented analysis of the state and prospects of development of the depressed region — the Ulyanovsk region; the results of the analysis fully prove the validity of the proposed methodological developments. Based on the results of the study, a number of practical conclusions were made, in particular, in the context of analyzing the effectiveness of public policy, the role of integrated non-financial quantitative assessment tools was updated, as well as a number of aspects of their practical application and further improvement were specified. The prospects for further use of the proposed evaluation model are related to the possibility of its implementation into the structure of software and analytical complexes currently used in public administration practice. The results of the study are of practical importance in the context of the possibilities of optimizing the control and evaluation functions of public authorities and, in particular, can be used by subjects of state strategic planning for the formation and subsequent assessment of territorial development plans of the Russian Federation.

Assessment of the adaptive potential of children and adolescents in environmentally stressed condition

The purpose of this study was to assess the adaptive potential of children and adolescents living in areas with different environmental quality. An analysis of the environmental situation in the territories of the Ulyanovsk region was carried out on the basis of our own studies of samples of atmospheric air, drinking water from the water supply network, and soils in residential areas of the region for 2009 - 2023. The work uses anthropological research materials collected over 15 years (2008–2023). The survey included 5,053 schoolchildren, aged 7 to 17 years, permanently residing in the region. To determine the degree of influence of environmental factors on the state of the body, a comparative study of morphometric and functional indicators of children and adolescents was carried out. The adaptation potential was determined according to Baevsky. The results of comparison of indicators of the adaptive potential by age groups were assessed using the Wilcoxon T-test and analysis of variance.For comparative analysis, the territories of Sengileevsky and Cherdaklinsky districts were selected, because these municipalities, along with industrial cities, have a high and increased level of environmental tension. For the control group, areas were selected in which low environmental tension was noted - Veshkaimsky and Sursky districts. The adaptive capabilities of children and adolescents are significantly higher in environmentally stressful conditions. In boys, differences in indicators of adaptive potential were identified at two stages of development. In girls, differences in indicators were revealed only during the period of active growth and maturation. With age, indicators of adaptation potential become higher, which indicates the tension of adaptation mechanisms. The high sensitivity of certain functions to environmental factors can be used for their progressive development and makes it possible to control the influence of negative factors to prevent disturbances in the functioning of the body.

USAGE OF TECHNICAL MEANS FOR ANNULAR GAS EXTRACTION TO INCREASE OIL WELL PRODUCTION

In recent years, the technology of annular gas extraction from wells has become increasingly widespread in the fields in order to improve the working conditions of the submersible pump due to increasing its filling and supply coefficients, as well as increasing depression on the formation. Some types of compressor designs have been developed and put into production, allowing the annular gas extraction from wells and forced injection into the pressure line of the well. One of the most well-known types of compressors is a piston pair driven by a piston from a rocking machine balancer. They were used at oil production facilities in the Orenburg, Ulyanovsk Regions, the Republics of Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, Udmurtia and other regions of the Russian Federation.In the fields of Sheshmaoil LLC, a complex for pumping gas from the annulus of a well and pumping it into the COGS product collection system has found mass usage, allowing gas to be taken from a group of wells and reducing pressure in the annulus to values close to 0.1 MPa. Hydraulic piston compressors, in which gas compression occurs using a high-pressure pump that drives the piston group of the compressor, have been tested.One of the main disadvantages of the developed types of compressors is the insufficient volume and pressure of the compressed gas. The article provides an analysis of the technological parameters of the compressors. As a result of research possible solutions to the problem are worked out.To achieve the largest pumping volumes of separated annular gas, the maximum permissible diameter of the compressor cylinder should not exceed 0.07 m in order to prevent significant resistance exerted by the piston rod on the balancer of the pumping machine.The most suitable region for the effective use of suspended compressors is the Ural-Volga Region at fairly depleted oil fields with at least 60–65 % water cut, oil well flow rate of no more than 10–15 tons/day and a gas factor of no more than 15–20 m3/t . At the fields of Western Siberia, suspended compressors cannot be used due to high flow rates and gas factors. Exceptions may be wells with a water cut of at least 80 % and flow rates of no more than 20–25 tons/day.The KOGS compressor unit, developed and widely implemented at Sheshmaoil Management Company LLC, showed positive results, consisting of an increase in flow rate and additional oil production. For further use of the unit in fields, especially for high-viscosity oil production, as well as operation in winter conditions, it is necessary to increase the maximum gas injection pressure.

Prediction of the harmfulness of bristle species in agrophytocenoses with spring barley

Relevance. The appearance of weeds in the fields of farms does not always imply their complete destruction, since from an economic point of view this may be ineffective. Therefore, in order to predict the effectiveness of crop contamination control in specific soil and climatic conditions, an urgent task is to develop and substantiate models of weed harmfulness and calculate economic thresholds for their harmfulness.Methods. The harmfulness of gray bristle (Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv) and green bristle (Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv) in the conditions of the Agro-Invest Plus LLC enterprise in the Karsunsky district of the Ulyanovsk region in 2021–2022 on the yield of Despina barley was studied. The economic harmfulness thresholds were calculated against the background of the use of herbicides Ovsyugen Super, CE — 0.5 l/ha; Axial 50, CE — 0.9 l/ha; Puma Super, EMV — 0.9 l/ha; Avantik Turbo, MD — 0.5 l/ha. The scheme of the experience included: Option 1 — without weeds (control), 2–6 options — with the number of weeds, respectively, 10 pcs/m2, 20 pcs/m2, 30 pcs/m2, 40 pcs/m2, 50 pcs/m2, option 7 — with natural blockage. The accounting area of the plot is 1 m2, the location is systematic with an offset, the repetition is 6 times.Results. Based on field experiments, predictive models have been developed to determine the harmfulness of weeds, which make it possible to establish economic thresholds for their harmfulness in the conditions of a particular farm. The harmfulness of the bristle according to the linear function was 0.106–0.147 c/ha, depending on the amount (pcs/m2) or 0.322–0.291 c/ha by weight (g/m2). According to prognostic models, the proportion (%) of changes in barley grain yield from contamination ranged from 79 to 85%. Studies have shown that chemical weeding is advisable in the presence of bristles in barley phytocenoses from 8 to 15 pcs/m2.

Corrosive aggressiveness of the atmosphere in the Staromainsky district of the Ulyanovsk region in relation to steel and copper

Corrosive aggressiveness of the atmosphere in the Staromainsky district of the Ulyanovsk region in relation to steel and copper

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ОФОРМЛЕНИЯ ХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ ПОСТРОЕК, РАСПОЛОЖЕННЫХ НА ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ УЧАСТКАХ, НАХОДЯЩИХСЯ В ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ИЛИ МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ

The article analyzes the legal status of real estate objects, namely outbuildings located on land plots owned by the state or municipal, the procedure for their legalization, identifies the problems of law enforcement that arise when registering such real estate objects, as well as possible ways to eliminate them. The article uses statistical data on the Ulyanovsk region, as well as the regulatory framework in force in the territory of the specified region.

ASSESSMENT OF ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE SVIYAGA RIVER (ULYANOVSK REGION)

The Sviyaga River is a water resource, and a recreational facility. It is rich in fish, therefore the assessment of ecological processes in the Sviyaga river is relevant and has theoretical and practical significance. The relevance and practical significance of research is increasing due to the plans to use the Sviyaga river bays for aquaculture development.&#x0D; The purpose of the study was to examine the nature and direction of ecological processes in the Sviyaga River bays on the territory of the Ulyanovsk region.&#x0D; Materials and Methods. The assessment of the bay water quality was carried out according to organoleptic, hydrochemical and hydrobiological parameters.&#x0D; Results. Organoleptic water parameters in both bays met the requirements for natural waters. The maximum water temperature in summer reached 24–26 ºС, the average temperature was 20.5 ºС. The amount of dissolved oxygen (6.5 mg/l) corresponded to the optimal values for the life of many fish species, and pH level showed weak water alkalinity. Hydrochemical bay water composition indicated high organic pollution. In both bays, and in the Sviyaga river itself, the content of heavy metals and petroleum products was several times higher than the threshold limit value. BOD5 level in the bays significantly exceeded the limit values. BOD20 and chemical oxygen demand exceeded the standards four times. The results of a microbiological study revealed significant water contamination with Escherichia coli. The species composition of the aquatic phytocenosis in both bays largely corresponded to the Sviyaga River phytocenosis structure. However, the bays are characterized by plant species and ecological processes that indicate the initial stages of their waterlogging.

Public Catering at Logging Sites in the Middle Volga Region during the Pre-War Five-Year Plans

The article examines one of the most important aspects of the industrial and domestic components of the logging process in the 1930s. The work of canteens and food stations for lumberjacks is considered using the example of the Middle Volga region, whose logging was typical for the European part of the USSR. At the same time, the article compares regional problems of catering at logging sites with all-Union trends. The source base for the article was the funds of regional archives of the Penza, Samara and Ulyanovsk regions and materials from periodicals of the 1930s. In general, the catering system at the logging sites of the largest logger in the Middle Volga region, the Sredles trust, was organized already at the end of the first five-year plan. The greatest number of problems in the public catering system in the third five-year plan were recorded in the Kuibyshevles sections. Typical methods for supplying the canteens of timber industry enterprises with products in the 1930s. began to organize their own subsidiary farms and purchase food. There are numerous complaints about the quality of food prepared in the forestry industry canteens. In some cases, the shortcomings of catering at logging sites were associated not with the general food shortage in the USSR, but with the low professionalism of canteen workers.

Динамика основных экономических показателей Ульяновской области в 2020‒2024 гг.

The dynamics of the main economic indicators of the Ulyanovsk region in the period from 2020 to 2023 and the expected forecasts for their change in 2024 are considered. The general assessment of the economic development of the region in this period is given

Study of new spring common wheat samples from the world collection in the conditions of the Ryazan region

In the conditions of the Ryazan region there have been studied 64 spring common wheat varieties from the collection of the Federal Research Center VIGRR named after Vavilov in order to identify valuable traits for use in breeding. Field trials were carried out in the collection nursery on dark gray forest heavy loamy soil in 2018–2022, using the methodological recommendations of the Federal Research Center VIGRR named after Vavilov. There has been established that the highest yields (more than 5.0 t/ha) were formed by the varieties ‘Arseya’, ‘Maestro’ (Ryazan region), ‘KWS Akvilon’, ‘Ethos’ (Germany), ‘KWS Torridon’ (Great Britain), ‘Odeta’ (Czech Republic), ‘Calispero’ (France), which was on 29.9–49.9 % higher than the mean variety productivity in the trial. Yield stability with the least variation (Cv) was established for the varieties from the Central region – RIMA, ‘Arseya’ (Ryazan region), ‘Zlata’ (Moscow region) and ‘Omskaya 36’ (West Siberian region) with 3.1–9.6 %. The studied assortment of plant heights was divided into groups, such as dwarfs (&lt; 60 cm) – 4.7 %, semi-dwarfs – 12.5 %, medium-sized – 75.0 %, tall – 7.8 %. There were identified 8 early ripening varieties ‘Chelyaba 2’ (Chelyabinsk region), ‘Odeta’ (Czech Republic), ‘Zlata’ (Moscow region), ‘Novosibirskaya 29’, ‘Novosibirskaya 15’, ‘Polyushka’ (Novosibirsk region), ‘M-83-1531’ (USA), ‘Burlak’ (Ulyanovsk region). The varieties ‘Voevoda’ and ‘Favorit’ (Saratov region) showed high resistance to various pathogens. There has been found a strong correlation between productivity and the density of productive stems with r = 0.753±0.084. 0.808±0.075, an average correlation with a number of grains per head with r = 0.427±0.115. 0.716±0.089 and grain weight per head with r = 0.374±0.118...0.689±0.092. Grain weight per head was largely determined by a number of grains per head with r = 0.621±0.099. 0.824±0.072.

Оценка коллекции овса по основным биохимическим показателям качества в условиях Тюменской области

Abstract. Oats are an important source of valuable nutrients, especially protein and fat, with a balanced amino acid composition. This study presents long-term data on the study of the quality of grain of filmy oats in the Tyumen region. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biochemical potential of various collectible varieties of filmy oats for involvement in the breeding process in the conditions of the Tyumen region. Materials and methods of the research. In 2019–2021, 167 varieties of filmy oats of various ecological and geographical origin were sown on the experimental field of the Northern Trans-Urals Research Institute, Tyumen Region (Russia), using generally accepted methods. Results. The most favorable conditions for the formation of protein in oat grain were 2019 (correlation coefficient r = –0.59) and 2020 (r = –0.34). The correlation of yield with fat content and starch content was not significant. The protein content in oat grain over the years of study was: in 2019 7.87–13.58 %, in 2020 – 8.74–13.33 %, in 2021 – 7.25–14.05 %. According to the protein content in the grain, the following varieties were distinguished: k-15321 (Leningrad region); k-15262 (USA). Fat content in oat grain in 2019 – 4.35 %, in 2020 – 4,00 %, in 2021 – 3,62 %. The most interesting varieties are k-15311 (Leningrad region); k-15353 (Norway); k-15256 (USA); k-15254 (Canada). The starch content in oat grain was in 2019 – 57.63 %, in 2020 – 58.40 %, in 2021 – 51.04 %. Varieties were distinguished: k-15330, k-15331, k-15329 (Ulyanovsk region); k-14863 (Estonia); k-15378 (Germany); k-15307 (USA); k-14953 (Australia). The most interesting are oat varieties that combine a complex of biochemical characteristics: k-15278 (Moscow region); k-15311 (Leningrad region); k-15330, k-15329 (Ulyanovsk region); k-15378 (Germany); k-15307 (USA); k-14953 (Australia). Scientific novelty. A long-term evaluation of 167 varieties of spring oats according to biochemical quality indicators was carried out, the sources that are of the greatest interest for breeding were identified.

ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ И СТРУКТУРА ПОРТОВОГО КЛАСТЕРА НИНБО ЧЖОУШАНЬ

The study is devoted to assessing the quality of Russian Federation subjects’ policies in thefield of creative industries. For this purpose, the special methodology and information base were developed, according to which for each region the Index of Creative policies Quality (ICQ) was calculated. The regions were ranked according to the ICQ and the results of the ranking were interpreted. In accordance with the ICQ, characteristics of legal and organizational support, the representation of creative industries in regional socio-economic development strategies, the availability of region-level support and the regions’ participation in the federal support measures, all Russian regions were divided into 4 groups. The top-10 regions included Moscow, St. Petersburg, the Republic of Tatarstan, Novosibirsk, Sverdlovsk, Tomsk, Nizhny Novgorod, Tyumen, Vologda and Ulyanovsk regions. The leading regions are distinguished by the systematic approach to setting strategic priorities in the field of creativeindustries, the diversified organizational infrastructure and initiative in launching regional support measures. There is a connection between urbanization, economic prosperity and the quality of policies in the field of creative industries. The study showed that the policies in the field of creative industries significantly vary by the frequency of occurrence in regions. Thus,the participation in the federal agenda is more common than the developing the region-level measures, and setting goals and objectives aimed at developing creative industries in regional socio-economic development strategies is more common than the creating the specialized strategies.

On the distribution and biology of Elater ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) in Russia

Saproxylic beetle communities play an important bioindicator role in the assessment of biodiversity status in forest habitats. These Coleoptera communities also contain a considerable number of threatened species with a low abundance throughout their range. One of these species is Elater ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Elateridae), a threatened species that inhabits old, hollow, deciduous trees. Elater ferrugineus is protected in many European countries, including Russia. In the present study, we provide new data on the distribution of this rare and protected species in Russia. The species has been recorded for the first time in Ulyanovsk Region, Ryazan Region, and Voronezh Region, and it is currently indicated in the fauna of 23 Russian regions. The phenology, habitat preferences, and some other aspects of ecology of Elater ferrugineus in Russia have been characterised. The main period of activity of adult individuals was observed from the third decade of June to the third decade of July. The species is mainly found in various types of deciduous forests (dominated by trees of the genera Quercus, Tilia, Acer, Populus, and Fagus) and in mixed forests. In addition, our research also revealed the presence of Elater ferrugineus in pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest complexes. A general set of measures is proposed to ensure the protection and monitoring of Elater ferrugineus. It is recommended that Elater ferrugineus ferrugineus needs to be included in Red Data Books of all regions where it is known, because at present this species still has no conservation status in several regions of Russia.

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ И ИНТЕНСИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ СЕЛЬСКОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫХ УГОДИЙ В СУБЪЕКТАХ ПОВОЛЖСКОГО ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЙОНА

The article conducted a study of the efficiency and intensity of use of agricultural land in the constituent entities of the Volga economic region. The Republic of Kalmykia, the Republic of Tatarstan, Astrakhan, Volgograd, Penza, Samara, Saratov and Ulyanovsk regions were analyzed. In the process of studying, the stages of research are considered to ensure stimulation of the goals set for the future. The practical side of effective and intensive turnover of agricultural land and ways to improve it in real use have been worked out. Depending on the ratio of indicators of the capabilities of the Volga economic region, a program of activities has been built for the involvement and expedient exploitation of agricultural land. Inefficient lands and methods of their use through the use of highly effective agrotechnical innovations are considered. Directions for measures to improve consistently ineffective lands are revealed. An important role here is played by targeted actions to improve land through land reclamation. An analysis of the investment climate, key risks and adaptation to modern conditions was carried out. Key positions that hinder the elimination of a number of problems are formulated in the form of a summary consequence. This is associated with the risk of a slowdown in investment attractiveness and competitive advantage, taking into account the global economic context. Despite the significant interest in the use of agricultural land in the subjects of the Volga economic region, the applied interest associated with the possibility and intensity of use to ensure the production of agricultural products is not sufficiently substantiated, the theoretical and practical aspects related to the study of models of economic modernization of this region are not sufficiently developed.

Physico-chemical properties of Russian natural aluminosilicates for purification of aqueous environment

The paper analyses and compares the physico-chemical properties of aluminosilicate green clay and bentonite and diatomite from the Russian deposits. The research determines specific surface area and the morphological features of aluminosilicates, their pore sizes, and pore distribution by volume. The surface of the green clay includes silicon and aluminum oxides, montmorillonite, kaolinite, impurities of pyrite, saponite, micas, and hydrosludes. It also contains a lot of rounded particles with a diameter of 1-2 μm. According to the research, adsorption isotherms for mesoporous green clay samples belong to type IV; the samples of bentonite and diatomite (Middle Volga regions of Russia) belong to type II. They characterize the monolayer-multilayer concentration of solution components on macroporous bodies. Also the research revealed a sufficiently high amount of adsorbate (31 ml • g-1) to cover the surface of diatomite (Ulyanovsk region, Russia) with a monomolecular layer. The source minerals of diatomite are montmorillonite and muscovite. The study of adsorption and desorption branches for a bentonite sample (Samara region, Russia) indicates the processes asymmetry. Hence, we compared the ability to adsorb iron (II) and lead ions from aqueous systems using green clay extracted in different years (2017 and 2023).

Legal education of the Ulyanovsk region and its contribution to the training of criminalists and criminologists

Legal education of the Ulyanovsk region and its contribution to the training of criminalists and criminologists

РАБОЧИЕ БУДНИ УЛЬЯНОВСКОГО КОЖЕВЕННОГО КОМБИНАТА В 1970-е гг.

The article is based on the materials of the State Archive of the Modern History of the Ulyanovsk region and the State Archive of the Ulyanovsk region, which are introduced to the scientific world for the first time. The authors examine the history and organization of work at one of the light industry enterprises, the Ulyanovsk tannery plant. The main stories are devoted to the analysis of labor discipline, measures of material and moral incentives for workers. The authors pay attention to the scale of staff turnover and measures to reduce it, to suppress non-normative behavior, in particular alcoholism. A conclusion is drawn about the socio-economic importance of the enterprise for the regional economy during the Soviet period. The authors argue that the inherent potential and traditions of maintaining production made it possible to preserve the Ulyanovsk tannery plant in the changed conditions of the 1990s and the continue its activities as the Closed Joint Stock Company "Ulyanovsk Shoe Factory".

Американская администрация помощи в Симбирской губернии (1921-1923 гг.)

Introduction. The article examines the charitable activities of the American Relief Administration, known as the ARA, during the famine of 1921-1923 in Simbirsk province. Materials and methods. The research is based mainly on previously unpublished archival materials. Photocopies of the documents of the so-called Russian Mission of the ARA itself, transferred by the Archive of the Hoover Institute to the State Archive of the Russian Federation, documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the State Archive of the Modern History of Ulyanovsk region, were used. The periodical Russian and American press of those years and other sources are also analyzed. The methodological basis for writing this work was general scientific, source-based and special historical methods. Results. The author thoroughly examines the charitable activities of the foreign philanthropic organization. For the first time, they have shown the scale of supplies of food and medicines to the suffering population of this Russian territory. With some wary attitude towards foreigners on the part of the Soviet authorities, the author especially notes their support for the activities of the ARA, which saved the population from starvation and disease. The article notes the positive role of authorized representatives of the central Soviet government, the local Bolshevik party organization, the police and the Chekists in the rapid promotion of foreign aid and the protection of ARA cargo. At the same time, some difficulties in the relationship between Soviet officials and foreign philanthropists are shown. Basically, as can be seen from the article, they were objective in nature. Conclusion. The author concludes that the help of the American organization was very important for the hungry and sick population of the Simbirsk province. The ARA worked closely and productively with the local authorities in the rescue of people. It saved the lives of tens of thousands of people and contributed to the restoration of the economic life of this territory.