Photoluminescence (PL) spectra induced by ultraviolet photons were measured for Czochralski-grown lanthanum aluminate single crystals. Five PL peaks were observed at approximately 1.60, 1.64, 1.675, 2.0, and 2.8 eV at 10 K, and the 2.8 eV PL disappears at 300 K. From PL excitation and vacuum ultraviolet absorption measurements, it is found that the 2.8 eV PL arises owing to the excitation of electrons to localized states in the band gap, and that PLs at approximately 1.60, 1.64, and 1.675 eV arise owing to the excitation of electrons to the conduction band. The 2.0 eV PL with a decay profile similar to that of the 2.8 eV PL is assumed to be caused by a process similar to that in the case of the 2.8 eV PL.