Ultrasound Irradiation Conditions Research Articles

Effects of different ultrasound power application on left ventricular myocardium synchrony in vivo open-chest Beagle canines

Objective To evaluate left ventricular (LV) myocardial mechanical synchrony with contrast agent and different power irradiation in open-chest Beagle canines. Methods The anesthetized open-chest Beagle canines were assigned into two groups randomly: Group A (n=6) for baseline, diagnostic ultrasound power irradiation (300 mW) 5 min, combined with contrast agent irradiation 5 min and contrast agent 20 min conditions; Group B (n=6) for baseline and intensity ultrasound irradiation (1 W, 2 W and 3 W, 5 min respectively) conditions. The standard short-axis gray-scale views at levels of mitral annulus (MV), papillary muscle(PM), and apex(AP) during 3 complete cardiac cycles in open-chest Beagle canine models were acquired. The global radial displacement peak time (RD-PT) and standard deviation of peak time (RD-PTSD) of LV subendomyocardium (subendo) and subepimyocardium (subepi) were measured and analyzed by using a dedicated Syngo velocity vector imaging (VVI) method. Results In group A, compared with baseline condition, the RD-PT and RD-PTSD of subendo and subepi had no significant different among diagnostic power irradiation, contrast agent irradiation 5 min and contrast agent 20 min (all P<0.05). There was no significant different in the RD-PT and RD-PTSD between subendo and subepi in A group in all conditions (all P<0.05). In group B, the RD-PT and RD-PTSD of subendo and subepi with power 1 W, 2 W and 3 W was higher than those with baseline condition; the RD-PT and RD-PTSD of subendo were significant different on 2 W compared with those on baseline condition (all P<0.05); the RD-PT and RD-PTSD of subendo, subepi were significant different on 3 W compared with baseline condition (all P<0.05); the RD-PT and RD-PTSD were significant difference between subendo and subepi in only 3 W condition (all P<0.05). Conclusions Diagnostic ultrasound power irradiation 5 min and combined with contrast agent irradiation 5 min and contrast agent 20 min conditions do not effect the synchrony of LV myocardial mechanics. Power more than 1 W can induce the delay of RD-PT and RD-PTSD of LV subendo and subepi. Power 3 W can result in dyssynchrony of LV myocardial mechanics. Key words: Sonication; Ventricular function, left; Beagle canines; Synchrony

Synthesis, biological activity and structure activity relationship studies of novel conazole analogues via conventional, microwave and ultrasound mediated techniques

1,2,4-Triazole derivatives containing a piperazine nucleus (4a-d and 10) were prepared starting from 1-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazine or ethyl 4-(4-amino-2-fluorophenyl)piperazine-1-carboxylate via several steps. The synthesis of fifteen compounds (7a-l and 13a-c), which can be considered as new analogues of azole class antifungals was performed starting from 1,2,4-triazoles (4a-d and 10) via three steps containing the condensation with 2-bromo-1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanone, reduction of carbonyl group to alcohol and alkylation of OH group, respectively. All the reactions were examined under conventional, ultrasound and microwave irradiation conditions as green chemistry techniques, and optimum conditions were defined. The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their biological potentials including antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiurease and anti α-glucosidase activities and promising results were obtained. The enzyme inhibitory potentials of these compounds were further validated through molecular docking.

Effects of different ultrasound power application on left ventricular myocardium 2-dimension strain in in vivo open-chest beagle canines

Objective To evaluate the left ventricular (LV) myocardial mechanical changes with contrast agent and different power irradiation in open-chest beagle canines. Methods The anesthetized open-chest beagle canines were assigned into two groups randomly: group A (n=6) for baseline, diagnostic ultrasound power irradiation (300 mW) 5 min, combined with contrast agent irradiation 5 min and contrast agent 20 min conditions; group B (n=6) for baseline and intensity ultrasound irradiation (1 W, 2 W and 3 W, 5 min respectively) conditions. The peak circumferential strain (CS), longitudinal strain (LS) and radial strain (RS) of LV myocardial wall were measured and analyzed using a dedicated Syngo velocity vector imaging (VVI) method. Results In group A, the peak CS and LS were increased significantly on diagnostic power irradiation, contrast agent irradiation 5 min and contrast agent 20 min (all P 0.05). In group B, the peak CS and LS were higher on power 1 W than on baseline condition (P 0.05); the peak CS, LS, RS were lower on power 2 W than on baseline condition (P>0.05); the peak of CS, LS were lower on power 3 W than on baseline condition (P 0.05). Conclusions These findings indicate potential positive inotropic effects with diagnostic ultrasound power irradiation 5 min, combined with contrast agent irradiation 5 min, contrast agent 20 min conditions, power 1 W and negative inotropic effects with power 3 W on LV myocardial CS, LS deformation. LV myofiber deformation reactions appear no significant differences on LV myocardial RS deformation in same disturbed setting. Key words: Sonication; Microbubbles; Ventricular function, left; Strain

Nano Fe3O4 as Green Catalyst for Beckmann Rearrangement under Ultrasound Irradiation

Nano-Fe3O4 particles were used as a green and heterogeneous catalyst for Beckmann rearrangement under ultrasound irradiation and protic solvent condition in excellent yields. The advantage of this method was simple, inexpensive, easy work-up procedure, suppression of any side product.

In Vitro Sonodynamic Therapeutic Effect of Polyion Complex Micelles Incorporating Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) can act as sonosensitizers, generating reactive oxygen species under ultrasound irradiation, for use in sonodynamic therapy. For TiO2 NPs delivery, we prepared polyion complex micelles incorporating TiO2 NPs (TiO2 NPs-PIC micelles) by mixing TiO2 NPs with polyallylamine bearing poly(ethylene glycol) grafts. In this study, the effects of polymer composition and ultrasound irradiation conditions on the sonodynamic therapeutic effect toward HeLa cells were evaluated experimentally using cell viability evaluation, intracellular distribution observation, and a cell staining assay. TiO2 NPs-PIC micelles with widely distributed features induced a significant decrease in cell viability under ultrasound irradiation. Furthermore, prolonging the irradiation time killed cells more effectively than did increasing the ultrasound power. The combination of TiO2 NP-PIC micelles and ultrasound irradiation was confirmed to induce apoptotic cell death.

Correction: A novel, rapid and green method of phosphorylation under ultrasound irradiation and catalyst free conditions

Correction for ‘A novel, rapid and green method of phosphorylation under ultrasound irradiation and catalyst free conditions’ by Abdeslem Bouzina et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 46272–46275.

Model Experiment for Acceleration of Lime Dissolution into Slag under Ultrasound Irradiation Conditions

Model Experiment for Acceleration of Lime Dissolution into Slag under Ultrasound Irradiation Conditions

Recent developments on phase-transfer catalytic reactions under ultrasound irradiation

Abstract The kinetics for various reaction systems were reviewed under the phase-transfer catalysis assisted by ultrasound irradiation conditions. The different factors on the kinetics of the reaction were reviewed. Advantages of chemical reaction under ultrasound irradiation conditions are highlighted. Chemical conversions under phase-transfer catalytic conditions improved the yields. These reactions avoid longer reaction times, enhance the yields of the products and reduce the organic solvent. Development of this methodology and selectivity of various reactions were presented.

KF supported on montmorillonite K10 catalyzed one-pot synthesis of 4H-pyran derivatives under ultrasound irradiation and solvent-free condition

KF supported on montmorillonite K10 catalyzed three-component cyclocondensation of aromatic aldehyde, cyclohexan-1,3-dione and malononitrile under ultrasound irradiation and solvent-free condition to give the corresponding 4H-pyrans in high yields. This method provides several advantages such as short time, mild condition and the catalyst can be recycled easily.

Ultrasound-Promoted Synthesis of 3-[(acetamido)(aryl)methyl]-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-ones via a Three-Component Condensation

A three-component one-pot condensation of aryl aldehydes, 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one and acetamide catalysed by p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA), under ultrasound irradiation and ambient conditions, gives 3-[(acetamido)(aryl)methyl]-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-ones in excellent yield and in short time.

Ultrasound-Promoted Synthesis of Symmetrical Bisamides by Reaction between Aromatic Aldehydes and Amides Catalysed by P-Toluenesulfonic Acid

Reaction between aldehydes and amides catalysed by p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA), under ultrasound irradiation and ambient conditions, gives symmetrical bisamide derivatives in excellent yield and in short time.

ChemInform Abstract: A Novel, Rapid and Green Method of Phosphorylation under Ultrasound Irradiation and Catalyst Free Conditions.

AbstractVarious N‐acylamines (I), N‐acylaminoester ((S)‐IV), N‐acylaminoalcohols ((S)‐VIII), and N‐acylsulfonamides (X) are efficiently phosphorylated with trialkylphosphite under ultrasound irradiation conditions furnishing corresponding amidophosphonates in high yield.

One-pot synthesis of novel oxazaphosphinanes under ultrasound irradiation and solvent-free conditions

A rapid and efficient solvent-free one-pot synthesis of novel oxazaphosphinane is described under ultrasound irradiation. This reaction was carried out through a three-component condensation reaction of amino alcohol, aromatic aldehyde, and triethyl phosphite. Ultrasonic effects were established with many advantages, including high yields, shorter reaction times, easy and quick isolation of the products. The newly synthesized compounds were systematically characterized by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 31P NMR, MS, and elemental analysis.

An efficient ultrasound-promoted method for the synthesis of bis(indole) derivatives

In this paper, the reaction of indole with electron-deficient alkenes in aqueous media is reported. This procedure allows the synthesis of bis(indole) derivatives in good to high yields at 90 °C under silent and ultrasound irradiation conditions. Short reaction times and high yields of desired products are the main advantages of the presented procedure. This reaction catalyzed by 12-tungstophosphoric acid is operationally simple and considers environmental aspects by avoiding toxic catalysts and solvents.

ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Sieves: An Efficient and Reusable Catalyst for Multi‐Component Synthesis of Dihydropyrano[2,3‐C]pyrazole Derivatives.

AbstractThe synthesis of dihydropyranopyrazoles (IV) can be performed under ultrasound irradiation or reflux conditions.

Cobalt‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Oxidative Isocyanide Insertion with Two Amines: An Approach to Guanidines

AbstractA novel and efficient cobalt‐catalyzed oxidative isocyanide insertion with amines via two CN bond formation reactions under ultrasound irradiation conditions has been developed. This protocol provides a simple, clean and general way to synthesize guanidines or their corresponding hydrochlorides from simple starting materials under ultrasonic conditions. This chemistry could also be applied to an efficient synthesis of optically active guanidines without loss of enantioselectivity.magnified image

ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound‐Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of Bis‐azetidinones in the Presence of Zeolite.

AbstractThe title compounds (IV) are obtained by Staudinger reaction ([2+2] ketene‐imine cycloaddition reaction) under both conventional or ultrasound irradiation conditions.

A one-pot three-component synthesis of novel α-sulfamidophosphonates under ultrasound irradiation and catalyst-free conditions

A one-pot synthesis of novel α-sulfamidophosphonates is described via a three-component reaction under ultrasound irradiation, catalyst-free and solvent-free conditions. The synthesis has mild conditions, short reaction times, good yields and simple work-up procedures.

Dichlorocarbene Addition of N-Vinylimidazole under Ultrasound Assisted a New Multi-Site Phase-Transfer Catalyst - A Kinetic Study

The kinetics for dichlorocyclopropanation of N-vinylimidazole with an excess of chloroform has been studied under multi-site phase-transfer catalyst and ultrasound irradiation conditions using aqueous sodium hydroxide as the base. The reaction was carried out at 40°C and a pseudo-first order rate is used to describe the reaction rate at high alkaline concentration (>30 wt.%). Kinetics of the reaction including the effects of the reaction conditions on the conversion of N-vinylimidazole was investigated. A rational explanation was made for a peculiar phenomenon that the conversion of N-vinylimidazole was increased and then decreased with an increase in the amount of sodium hydroxide and the kapp value increases with increasing other kinetic parameters that is the amount of multi-site phase-transfer catalyst, viz., N,N’-dihexyl-4,4’-bipyridinium dibromide, concentration of substrate, ultrasonication, stirring speed, temperature, etc.

A novel, rapid and green method of phosphorylation under ultrasound irradiation and catalyst free conditions

Phosphorylation of N-acylamines, N-acylaminoesters, N-acylaminoalcohols and N-acylsulfonamides with trialkylphosphite was promoted under ultrasound irradiation using solvent and catalyst free conditions to afford amidophosponates with 75–90% yield in 5–15 min.