Ultrasonic Vibration Technology Research Articles

The Process Optimization Analysis of CBN Abrasive Cu-Sn-Ti Coating Fabrication via the Ultrasonic-Vibration-Assisted Laser Cladding Method

Ultra-precision machining has higher requirements for the performance of abrasive tools, but the traditional grinding wheel has some problems such as irregular grain arrangement, limited chip space, and high grinding temperature. Therefore, a structured grinding wheel suitable for ultra-precision machining is proposed. In this study, the laser cladding method and ultrasonic vibration technology were combined to study the preparation process of a structured grinding wheel. Firstly, the quality evaluation system of the printing layer was established, and the shape coefficient and dilution rate were used to evaluate the laser cladding quality. The effects of laser power, sweep speed, powder feeding speed, and ultrasonic power on the shape coefficient and dilution rate of the printing layer were analyzed by single-factor experiments. The level range of each factor in the orthogonal experiment was established to optimize the process parameters. The surface morphology was observed, and the influence of ultrasonic vibration on the morphology was analyzed. The structured grinding wheel was prepared according to the optimized parameters.

Experimental Study and Application of Ultrasonic Vibration Technology in Enhancing Deep-Hole Drilling Tool Performance

This study delves into the application of ultrasonic vibration technology in enhancing the performance of deep-hole drilling tools and its consequential effects on the machining process. By integrating ultrasonic vibrations, this research aims to unveil how such vibrations refine the interaction between the tool and material during deep-hole drilling, thereby achieving a reduction in frictional forces, a decrease in machining temperatures, an increase in the efficacy of cutting fluids, and an improvement in chip removal. The experimentation employed an array of tools, including internally cooled welding-style end-face cutters, multi-edged BTA, and single-edged BTA, to investigate the performance variations under different machining parameter configurations. The findings indicate that, compared to conventional drilling methods, ultrasonic vibration-assisted deep-hole drilling substantially elevates machining efficiency, enhances hole wall quality, and significantly reduces tool wear while prolonging tool life.

Ultrasonic Vibration Technology to Improve the Thermal Performance of CPU Water-Cooling Systems: Experimental Investigation

The rapid growth of the electronics industry and the increase in processor power levels requires new techniques to improve the heat transfer rate in their cooling systems. In this study, ultrasonic vibration technology was introduced as an active method to enhance the thermal performance of water-cooling systems. The effects of ultrasonic vibrations at power levels of 30, 60, and 120 watts for different cooling airflow rates were investigated experimentally. The results were validated with available empirical correlations to ensure the accuracy of the measurement systems. The findings indicated that the ultrasonic vibrations enhanced the heat transfer in the liquid-cooling heat exchangers. In addition, the thermal performance of the ultrasonic vibrations was improved by reducing the airflow rate and increasing the ultrasonic power. In addition to the feature of heat transfer improvement, ultrasonic waves are widely used for the cleaning of different types of heat exchangers. Regarding the anti-fouling and anti-accumulation effects of the ultrasonic vibrations, the introduced technology could provide a practical way for developing high-performance nanofluids-based computer cooling systems.

Application of Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Technology for Rhinoplasty.

Application of Ultrasonic Piezoelectric Technology for Rhinoplasty.

Parameter optimization of ultrasonic vibration polishing K9 optical glass based on ultrasonic atomization

To further improve the surface finish and processing efficiency of optical components, ultrasonic vibration technology is frequently combined with conventional processing and the process parameters that play a critical role in this composite processing are identified. This research proposes an ultrasonic vibration polishing method based on ultrasonic atomization (UA-UVP). The polishing performance of K9 optical glass is increased by ultrasonic atomization (UA) assisted by polishing solvent for ultrasonic vibration polishing (UVP). Orthogonal experiments are used to study the effects and variation laws of the flow rate of ultrasonic atomization (Q), the gap distance between the polishing tool and workpiece (G), ultrasonic electro spindle speed (W), abrasive particle size (D) and ultrasonic amplitude (A) on surface roughness (SR) and material removal rate (MRR), respectively. When these two polishing characteristics are considered together, the optimization of polishing parameters becomes complicated. Therefore, the principal component analysis (PCA) and grey relational analysis (GRA) methods were employed to the optimal experimental combination as Q:18 ml/min, G: 5 μm, W: 4000 r/min, D: 0.5 μm, A: 8 μm. The experimental results showed that Ra and MRR were measured as 10.466 nm and 0.473*10^8 μm3/min, respectively. Compared with the best experimental combination of orthogonal experiments, the improvement rates of SR and MRR were 26.65% and 25.80%, respectively. Overall, the application of ultrasonic vibration technology contributes to enhancing the uniform distribution of polished abrasive particles and improving the polishing characteristics.

Simulation and experimental research on ultrasonic vibration high temperature rock

Ultrasonic vibration technology as a new type of auxiliary lithotripsy technology, a lot of research on this technology. However, at present, the effect of rock temperature on ultrasonic vibration of rock breaking has not been studied. Therefore, with the help of numerical simulation software, nuclear magnetic resonance detection and penetrant testing methods, it is necessary to complete the numerical simulation and laboratory testing of granite at different temperatures under ultrasonic vibration with granite as the research object. The main results are as follows:1. Under ultrasonic vibration, the number of rock cracks will increase with increasing temperature. And the fracture azimuth intensity in the rock model is 90°concentrated. 2. As the temperature increases, the accumulated thermal damage will promote the large number of expansion and connection of certain internal cracks, resulting in the macroscopic destruction of the rock sample and the increase in crack volume. 3. With the increase of temperature, the increase of porosity of rock samples under ultrasonic vibration has a staged characteristic. And 150 °C is the threshold. The significance of this research is to provide theoretical and technical support for the application of ultrasonic vibration technology in the future hard rock geological exploration and deep resource mining.

Experimental investigation of ultrasonic-vibration polishing of K9 optical glass based on ultrasonic atomization

K9 optical glass has an important position in the field of optical material because of its excellent chemical stability and optical projection. The hard and brittle characteristics of K9 optical glass make conventional processing difficult and time-consuming. A non-conventional hybrid polishing system combining ultrasonic atomization (UA) spraying method and axial ultrasonic vibration was developed for processing K9 optical glass. This system utilizes the high-frequency vibration characteristics of ultrasonic vibration technology: On the one hand, the ultrasonic atomization spraying method is used to generate evenly distributed atomized droplets for polishing, on the other hand, the axial ultrasonic vibration of the polishing tool provides impact kinetic energy for the free abrasive particles. Mechanical polishing (MP), ultrasonic-assisted polishing (UVP), mechanical polishing under ultrasonic atomization spraying (UA-MP) and ultrasonic vibration polishing under ultrasonic atomization spraying (UA-UVP) were carried out on K9 optical glass. The material removal rate (MRR), material removal depth (MRD), surface quality and surface micromorphology of the polished workpieces were also analyzed and compared. The experimental results showed that the best surface was obtained at UA-UVP (AⅠ = 9 μm) with MRR of 0.0994 mm3/min, material removal depth of 26.816 μm, the Ra and Sa values were 0.028 μm and 0.033 μm respectively. Meanwhile, no obvious pits and scratches were observed on the micromorphological surface. Ultrasonic atomization contributes to even material removal from the polished surface and axial ultrasonic vibration of the polishing tool has a significant effect in improving the polishing characteristics, which provides the experimental basis for applying ultrasonic vibration technology in polishing.

Study on the Effects of Ultrasonic Agitation on CO2 Adsorption Efficiency Improvement of Cement Paste

To realize high-efficiency CO2 absorption by fresh cement paste, ultrasonic vibration technology is introduced into the CO2 absorption test device used in this study. Influences of ultrasonic frequency on the CO2 absorption rate (CO2 AR) and the ultimate absorption amount of fresh cement paste are analyzed. Furthermore, the influencing laws of the CO2 absorption amount (CO2 AA) on the fluidity, pore distribution, and mechanical properties of cement paste under ultrasonic vibrating agitation are analyzed by measuring the variations of the CO2 AA of cement paste. Results demonstrate that ultrasonic vibrating agitation not only can increase the CO2 AR and ultimate absorption amount of fresh cement paste, but also can optimize the internal pore structure of materials and compressive strength of cement-based materials.

Study on constitutive behavior of Ti-45Nb alloy under transversal ultrasonic vibration-assisted compression

Ultrasonic vibration technology has been widely applied in plastic forming processes due to its advantages of material properties improvement. In this study, a transverse ultrasonic vibration-assisted compression (TUVC) system with the range of vibration amplitude from 16 to 48 µm is developed to compress the difficult-to-deformation materials. The experiment found that the temperature of the compressed sample with the vibration amplitude of 38 µm arrived at 164 ℃, hence the current constitutive models are deficient for the description of TUVC deformation behavior with the large vibration amplitudes. The results show that the flow stress declines under the coupling action of volume effect and surface effect, especially the amplitude is larger than 38 µm. To accurately depict the constitutive behavior of titanium alloy under TUVC, a hybrid constitutive model considering the difference of softening mechanism was proposed based on crystal plasticity theory, and the predicted curves are in good agreement with experimental results. Finally, the microstructure further revealed the differences of softening mechanism in TUVC, and numerous secondary α phase was precipitated. Consequently, the studies provide an insight into the deformation mechanism of TUVC and promote the application of ultrasonic vibration-assisted forming for the difficult-to-deformation alloy.

Novel ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrosurgical cutting system for minimizing tissue adhesion and thermal injury

Tissue adhesion and thermal injury bring great risk to electrosurgical cutting. The aim of this study is to propose a novel ultrasonic vibration-assisted (UV-A) electrosurgical cutting system to minimize tissue adhesion and thermal injury, and thereby improve the cutting performance. To this end, the ultrasonic vibration technology was integrated into electrosurgical cutting to develop a UV-A electrosurgical cutting system. Finite element (FE) simulations and experiments were performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed UV-A technology. An orthogonal UV-A electrosurgical cutting FE model was developed using the Comsol Multiphysics software. Subsequently, the effect of UV-A on the temperature distribution and thermal injury during the electrosurgical cutting process was investigated. The FE simulation results indicated that UV-A can reduce the temperature distribution and thermal injury area. The experimental results demonstrated that the temperature and injury depth under UV-A electrosurgical cutting were respectively decreased by approximately 40% and 30% compared with that without UV-A. The experimental results agreed well with the FE simulation results. Hence, it is concluded that UV-A electrosurgical cutting can be a novel promising and practical technology for reducing tissue adhesion and thermal injury.

Experimental and numerical investigation of the fatigue behaviour and crack evolution mechanism of granite under ultra-high-frequency loading.

Assisted ultrasonic vibration technology has received great interest in the past few years for petroleum and mining engineering related to hard rock breaking. Understanding the fatigue behaviour and damage characteristics of rock subject to ultra-high-frequency loading is vital for its application. In this research, we conducted ultrasonic vibration breaking rock experiments combined with an ultra-dynamic data receiver and strain gauges to monitor the development of strain in real time. The experimental results show that the strain curve is U-shaped, and it can be divided into three stages: the strain first decreases, then remains steady (with light fluctuations) and finally increases. The sample first underwent compressive deformation, and no rupture occurred. As the vibration continued, the compressive deformation decreased with the initiation and propagation of cracks, and fragmentation occurred. To elucidate the crack evolution mechanism of the granite specimens, numerical simulations were performed using particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D), and an improved fatigue damage model based on the flat-joint contact model was proposed. The numerical results indicate that this model can effectively reproduce the fatigue characteristics of hard brittle rocks under ultrasonic vibration. By analysing the stress and strain fields and cracking process, the crack evolution mechanism in the brittle hard rock under ultra-high-frequency loading is revealed. These experimental and numerical results are expected to improve the understanding of the fragmentation mechanism of rock under assisted ultrasonic vibration.

Study on modal analysis and chip breaking mechanism of Inconel 718 by ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling

In this study, both theoretical and experimental research was conducted to investigate the role played by a difficult-to-machine material, Inconel 718, in improving the surface finish quality in drilling holes. Ultrasonic vibration technology was applied to assist with the drilling process. An axial ultrasonic vibration-assisted drilling (UAD) system was designed to determine the structural relationships between different component parts, based on which an axial UAD model was established. Abaqus finite element software was applied to perform model simulation and an analysis was conducted of the structure to find its optimal natural frequency and vibration mode. The conditions for complete geometric chip breaking based on the mechanisms of UAD and chip breaking, as well as pre-set parameters, were inferred and the theoretical domain of complete geometric chip breaking was mapped. Subsequently, a range of different parameters was applied to conduct experiments on the drilling process, from which it was established that the characteristics of chipping satisfy the conditions required for complete geometric chip breaking. Finally, under the circumstances where the parameters for the drilling process are identical and chip breaking conditions are met, UAD was found to be advantageous over conventional drilling (CD) as the former produces a more apparent chip breaking effect. Additionally, UAD can reduce the Ra value and abrasion of cutting tools, thus improving the quality of the hole drilling process.

Ultrasonic assisted large diameter PBX substitute composites compaction and its mechanical properties

The rates of densification and density uniformity are a key performance of PBX parts. Based on ultrasonic vibration technology, this paper designs and manufactures an upper and lower 20 kHz longitudinal and radial vibration assisted molding system with a 200 mm diameter compacting part at the center axis. In this work, PBX substitute composite was successfully fabricated by pressing of powder with ultrasonic vibration and the influence of ultrasonic vibration force coupling on the mechanical properties of PBX substitute powder was investigated. Applying ultrasonic vibration to result in great rates of densification and higher efficiency of the process is expected. The effects of particle size and vibration amplitude and pressure and weight on the densification behavior and of PBX substitute powder are discussed. The results show that applying ultrasonic vibration leads to a higher relative density and an improved homogeneity, and the growth of the size of the pressed sample can be reduced with the ultrasonic vibration and the larger of static pressure, the smaller of the pressed sample size change. In addition, ultrasonic vibration has a great effect on the finer particles and the surface temperature of the sample is not obviously increased with ultrasonic vibration.

Effects of ultrasonic vibration on the compression of pure titanium

The technology of ultrasonic vibration assisted plastic forming possesses a great many merits, such as reducing the deformation resistance and friction, as well as improving the surface quality of parts. In this study, the ultrasonic vibration assisted compression tests were carried out on pure titanium in order to improve its formability. The results indicating that the ultrasonic vibration had no effort on elastic deformation, and the temperature of material only increased by 6 °C after compression with applying the ultrasonic vibration. Therefore the influence of temperature increase on reduction of flow stress could be ignored. After excluding interface friction and temperature effects, ultrasonic vibration can still decline the flow stress, the mechanism of deformation includes ultrasonic softening, stress superposition and strain hardening. In the intermittent vibration tests, the material shows the residual softening effect after stopping vibration. By observing the microstructure of material with SEM, it shows that the ultrasonic vibration can promote the generation of deformation twins, causing the grain refinement and the reduction of the twins, which is the major factor of affecting the residual softening effect.

Ultrasonic vibration technology for the polymer replication of high aspect ratio micro-structured surface

It is still a challenge to achieve the polymer replication of high aspect ratio micro-structured surface especially when the completed and unified replication quality is required. This paper shows a new method for the replication named ultrasonic vibration micro-injection mold (μUVIM) technology which combines the micro-injection mold (μIM) with ultrasonic vibration. An experimental mold that integrates micro-injection compression mold (μICM) and μUVIM has been designed. In this paper, the effect of important process parameters on the replication quality of microstructure was studied via μUVIM experiment, and the process parameters were optimized through the response surface method (RSM). Compared with replication methods based on μICM technology, the μUVIM technology discussed in this paper can increase the average height of the microstructure by 14.6% and increase the production efficiency by three times. Moreover, it has been found that the μUVIM technology is insensitive to the thickness of the polymer substrate, so it can widen the processing scope of microstructure with high aspect ratio.

Control model and the experimental study on the ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic in-process dressing internal grinding

Based on the ultrasonic vibration technology and the electrochemical principle, the ultrasonic vibration-assisted electrolytic in-process dressing internal (UAEI) grinding is realized on the vertical machining center. The mathematical control model of the UAEI grinding is established to maintain the protrusion height of abrasive grains. Simulations and fittings show that the average current is positively associated with the increase of ultrasonic frequency, grinding speed or workpiece speed, and the decrease of grinding ratio. Concrete control schemes are made by adjusting the controllable parameters. The objective judgments are obtained by comparing the experimental results under different processing conditions. The experimental results show that the surface roughness of workpiece can research 0.0487 μm, the grinding force ratio maintains at relatively stable level, topography of oxide layer presents uniform-distributed cavities, and surface micro-topography of workpiece becomes smoother with the processing parameters determined by the control model of the UAEI grinding, proving the validity of this control model of the UAEI grinding.

Key Technologies of Diamond Tool Cutting of Ferrous Metals with Ultrasonic Vibration

The paper presents a review on the current situation of diamond tool ultrasonic vibration cutting ferrous metal. The key technology of diamond tool ultrasonic vibration cutting ferrous metals is presented in this paper and the influence of the processing environment of the presence of carbon atoms protective gas, the presence of carbon particles coolant of temperature control technology, ultrasonic vibration, workpiece material surface pretreatment or without on diamond tool wear rate and workpiece surface quality, the relationship between diamond tool wear rate, the workpiece surface quality and the ultrasonic vibration technology, processing environment, workpiece material surface pretreatment technology factors is given. Propose research direction and research emphasis on reducing diamond tool wear rate and improve workpiece surface quality.

Modeling the Embossing Stage of the Ultrasonic‐Vibration‐Assisted Hot Glass Embossing Process

Ultrasonic vibration technology has recently been applied in high‐temperature forming processes, such as hot upsetting and hot glass embossing. Experimental research has delineated the effects of ultrasonic vibration on reducing required forces and improving the formability of materials. The purpose of this study was to construct a finite element model of the embossing stage of the ultrasonic vibration‐assisted hot glass embossing process. Traditional hot embossing experiments in which the embossing speed and temperature were varied were performed to calculate the viscoelastic dissipation caused by ultrasonic vibration, and this value was then inputted into the simulation. The consistency of the force responses in the experiments and simulation indicated that the proposed model is valid. The findings indicate that the influences of parameters such as the vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, and embossing speed on the ultrasonic vibration‐assisted hot glass embossing process must be investigated further.

Development of an Er-doped Mg–Zn–Al solder by ultrasonic treatment and its joint property

A novel Er-doped Mg–Zn–Al solder was developed by using ultrasonic vibration technology. The inclusions in the solder were analyzed. The microstructure of the solder and its soldering lap joint was investigated, and the shear strength of the joint was measured. It was found that the inclusions in the solder decreased greatly, the α-Mg phase and Al3Er compound were broken up into granular structure after ultrasonic vibration treatment. The α-Mg phase and Al3Er compound in the soldered joint showed similar structure as that of the original solder. The average shear strength of the soldered joints by using the ultrasonic treated filler metal was almost 1.25 times as large as that soldered by the traditional one.

Wear behavior of natural diamond tool in cutting tungsten-based alloy

Natural diamond tool is quickly worn out while cutting a workpiece made of a tungsten-based alloy. This paper presents a new approach to reduce tool wear: ultrasonic vibration cutting of a workpiece made of a tungsten-based alloy based on gas–liquid atomization cooling. An atomizer is a device which mixes carbon dioxide gas with vegetable oil and changes the liquid into minute droplets, which are carried by a stream of gas. Atomizer is also a device that incorporates a venture device to translate liquid into a gas stream. The atomized minute droplets act as the cooling and lubricating medium to protect the tools. The system is designed to ensure that droplets can spread all over the surface of a work piece. At a constant spindle speed, feed rate, and cutting depth, the experiments were carried out for investigating the effects of the tool vibration parameters, carbon tetrachloride liquid flow rate, carbon dioxide gas flow, and gas–liquid mass ratio on the tool wear. The experiments showed that the technology of ultrasonic vibration with gas–liquid atomization cooling effectively prolongs the tool life in cutting tungsten-based alloy.